US3665720A - Method of stabilizing sand foundations under building works submerged in water - Google Patents
Method of stabilizing sand foundations under building works submerged in water Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3665720A US3665720A US35688A US3665720DA US3665720A US 3665720 A US3665720 A US 3665720A US 35688 A US35688 A US 35688A US 3665720D A US3665720D A US 3665720DA US 3665720 A US3665720 A US 3665720A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- sand
- hydraulic binder
- water
- grain
- size distribution
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- -1 by hydration Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
- E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
- E02D27/34—Foundations for sinking or earthquake territories
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
- E02D3/12—Consolidating by placing solidifying or pore-filling substances in the soil
Definitions
- This invention relates to a method of stabilizing sand foundations under building works submerged in water, constructed by pumping in the sand under the building work.
- the hydraulic binder used is, according to the invention, preferably a coarse-grained cement product having substantially the same grain-size distribution curve as the sand.
- EXAMPLE Sand for filling in under a building work submerged in water is mixed with 2-5 percent by weight of a coarse-grained cement product.
- the grain-size distribution of this material is substantially the same as that of the sand, as shown from the curves of the drawing.
- Such coarsely grained cement is not the product of standard cement mills but can be obtained from specialized plants.
- the finished foundation is subjected to heavy shocks which it turns out to withstand perfectly.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
A method of stabilizing sand foundations under building works submerged in water including pumping in sand to which a small percentage of hydraulic binder is added under the building work, utilizing a grain-size distribution of the hydraulic binder adjusted to the grain-size distribution of the sand to avoid separation of the binder from the sand, wherein the hydraulic binder, by hydration, cements the sand grains into a strong coherent conglomerate which will remain unaffected by earthquakes.
Description
United States Patent Havnfl [54] METHOD OF STABILIZING SAND FOUNDATIONS UNDER BUILDING WORKS SUBMERGED IN WATER 1 51 May 30, 1972 FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 425,092 3/1911 France ..6l/50 1,111,66011/1955 France ..6l/5O 72 I t K nven or 8] Havnfl, Copenhagen, Denmark Primary Examiner-Jacob Shapiro [73] Assignee: Christiani & Nielsen A/S, Copenhagen, Attorney-Karl W. Flocks Denmark 22 Filed: May 8,1970 [571 ABSTRACT A method of stabilizin sand foundations under building [21] Appl. No.. 35,688 8 works submerged in water including pumping in sand to which 1 a small percentage of hydraulic binder is added under the [30] Foreign Application Dam building work, utilizing a grain-size distribution of the hydrau- Dec. 11, 1969 Denmark ..6558/69 binder adjusted to the grain-Size distribution of the Sand to avoid separation of the binder from the sand, wherein the [52] U.S. Cl ..61/46, 61/36, 61/50 hydraulic n y hy r n, cements the sand gr in i a [51] ..E02d 3/12 strong coherent conglomerate which will remain unaffected [58] Field of Search ..61/50, 52, 46, 36 by a qu kes- [56] Refere m 4 Claims, 1 Drawing Figure UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,195,314 7/1965 Degen ..61/5O 90 LIMITS FOR GRADING 80 0F BINDER w 0 70 z (I) m 60 l :1
50 40 Z w 7 L|M TS F0 1 GRADING OF SAND 30 5 2o 2 3 l0 0 30 I6 8 4 /2 A A.S. T. M. NO.
SCREEN SIZE Patented May 30, 1972 bLlM TS F0? GRADING OF SAND LIMITS FOR GRADI OF BINDER 0 4ww l A.S.T. M. NO.
SCREEN SIZE METHOD OF STABILIZING SAND FOUNDATIONS UNDER BUILDING WORKS SUBMERGED IN WATER This invention relates to a method of stabilizing sand foundations under building works submerged in water, constructed by pumping in the sand under the building work.
It is known that the strength and resistance of a sand foundation situated on ground above water level can be improved by adding a small amount of cement to the sand.
When a sand foundation is to be constructed under a building work resting on a submarine bottom on temporary supports, the excavation having been extended somewhat below the bottom ofthe building work, it is known practice to fill in the sand by means of a special apparatus and special pumping methods such as covered by US. Pats, No. 2,191,845 to Bretting and No. 3,577,738 to Havnm lt is known that foundations are obtained in this way, for instance for subaqueous tunnels.
It is also known that heavy earthquakes can cause an increase in the density of the sand in natural sand-strata and in constructed sand foundations, perhaps after previous liquefaction of the sand, by which a building work founded on the sand can be subject to settlement and perhaps damage.
The purpose of the invention is to provide a method of stabilizing sand foundations submerged in water so that the foundation will withstand earthquakes without settlement, and the method of the invention is characterized by the fact that a certain small percentage of hydraulic binder is added to the sand to be pumped in to form the foundation, the grain-size distribution of the hydraulic binder being adjusted to the grainsize distribution of the sand in such a way that separation of the hydraulic binder from the sand is avoided, so that the hydraulic binder, by hydration, cements the sand grains into a coherent conglomerate, the strength and structure of which will remain unaffected by earthquakes. The grain-size distribution of the hydraulic binder being adjusted to the grainsize distribution of the sand in such a way that separation is avoided, the foundation will have a uniformly distributed content of hydraulic binder, which by hydration will cement the sand grains into a coherent conglomerate, which will remain unaffected by earthquakes and in which the risk of liquefaction is eliminated.
The hydraulic binder used is, according to the invention, preferably a coarse-grained cement product having substantially the same grain-size distribution curve as the sand.
EXAMPLE Sand for filling in under a building work submerged in water is mixed with 2-5 percent by weight of a coarse-grained cement product. The grain-size distribution of this material is substantially the same as that of the sand, as shown from the curves of the drawing. Such coarsely grained cement is not the product of standard cement mills but can be obtained from specialized plants.
The finished foundation is subjected to heavy shocks which it turns out to withstand perfectly.
It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the scope of the invention and the invention is not to be considered limited to what is shown in the drawing and described in the specification.
What is claimed is: r
1. A method of stabilizing sand foundations under building works submerged in water, constructed by pumping in the sand under the building work, characterized by the fact that a certain small percentage of hydraulic binder is added to the sand to be pumped in, the grain-size distribution of the hydraulic binder being adjusted to the grain-size distribution of the sand in such a way that separation of the hydraulic binder from the sand is avoided, so that the hydraulic binder, by hydration, cements the sand grains into a coherent conglomerate, the strength and structure of which will remain unaffected by earthquakes.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized by the fact, that the added hydraulic binder is a coarse-grained cement product having substantially the same grain-size distribution as the sand.
3. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said small percentage of hydraulic binder added to the sand comprises 2-5 percent by weight.
4. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said grainsize distribution of said binder and said sand is as shown in the Figure. I
Claims (3)
- 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized by the fact, that the added hydraulic binder is a coarse-grained cement product having substantially the same grain-size distribution as the sand.
- 3. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said small percentage of hydraulic binder added to the sand comprises 2-5 percent by weight.
- 4. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said grain-size distribution of said binder and said sand is as shown in the Figure.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK655869AA DK122000B (en) | 1969-12-11 | 1969-12-11 | Method for stabilizing sand foundations under water. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3665720A true US3665720A (en) | 1972-05-30 |
Family
ID=8148878
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US35688A Expired - Lifetime US3665720A (en) | 1969-12-11 | 1970-05-08 | Method of stabilizing sand foundations under building works submerged in water |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3665720A (en) |
| DK (1) | DK122000B (en) |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4571121A (en) * | 1984-03-01 | 1986-02-18 | Albert Bruce J | Underwater erosion prevention and backfill system with barrier bag installation |
| WO1987005833A1 (en) * | 1986-03-24 | 1987-10-08 | Nomix Corporation | Compositions and methods for no mix compounds |
| US4732782A (en) * | 1986-03-24 | 1988-03-22 | The Nomix Corporation | Methods for applying no mix cements |
| US4747878A (en) * | 1986-03-24 | 1988-05-31 | Nomix Corporation | Compositions and methods of making no mix cements |
| EP0292307A2 (en) * | 1987-05-21 | 1988-11-23 | Nomix Corporation | Compositions and methods for no mix compounds |
| US4839115A (en) * | 1987-05-21 | 1989-06-13 | Nomix Corporation | Methods for forming shapes or blocks of no mix cements |
| US5108790A (en) * | 1986-03-24 | 1992-04-28 | Babcock H Nash | Methods of applying compositions of no mix compounds |
| US5219222A (en) * | 1986-03-24 | 1993-06-15 | Nomix Corporation | Method of mixing particulate materials in a mixing column |
| US5286425A (en) * | 1986-03-24 | 1994-02-15 | Nomix Corporation | Method of installing a cementitious composition |
| WO1998001630A1 (en) * | 1996-07-05 | 1998-01-15 | Bilfinger + Berger Bauaktiengesellschaft | Capillary barrier for sealing external surfaces |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR425092A (en) * | 1911-01-21 | 1911-06-01 | Armand Gabriel Considere | Underwater foundation |
| FR1111660A (en) * | 1954-09-21 | 1956-03-02 | Cie Ind De Travaux | Method of establishing machine foundations, below water level |
| US3195314A (en) * | 1962-02-26 | 1965-07-20 | Degen Wilhelm | Foundation method |
-
1969
- 1969-12-11 DK DK655869AA patent/DK122000B/en unknown
-
1970
- 1970-05-08 US US35688A patent/US3665720A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR425092A (en) * | 1911-01-21 | 1911-06-01 | Armand Gabriel Considere | Underwater foundation |
| FR1111660A (en) * | 1954-09-21 | 1956-03-02 | Cie Ind De Travaux | Method of establishing machine foundations, below water level |
| US3195314A (en) * | 1962-02-26 | 1965-07-20 | Degen Wilhelm | Foundation method |
Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4571121A (en) * | 1984-03-01 | 1986-02-18 | Albert Bruce J | Underwater erosion prevention and backfill system with barrier bag installation |
| US5219222A (en) * | 1986-03-24 | 1993-06-15 | Nomix Corporation | Method of mixing particulate materials in a mixing column |
| US5108790A (en) * | 1986-03-24 | 1992-04-28 | Babcock H Nash | Methods of applying compositions of no mix compounds |
| US4732782A (en) * | 1986-03-24 | 1988-03-22 | The Nomix Corporation | Methods for applying no mix cements |
| US4747878A (en) * | 1986-03-24 | 1988-05-31 | Nomix Corporation | Compositions and methods of making no mix cements |
| US5288439A (en) * | 1986-03-24 | 1994-02-22 | Nomix Corporation | Method of installing a post |
| JPH01500029A (en) * | 1986-03-24 | 1989-01-12 | ノミックス コーポレーション | Compositions and methods that do not require mixing |
| US4732781A (en) * | 1986-03-24 | 1988-03-22 | The Nomix Corporation | Methods for applying no mix cements |
| US5286425A (en) * | 1986-03-24 | 1994-02-15 | Nomix Corporation | Method of installing a cementitious composition |
| WO1987005833A1 (en) * | 1986-03-24 | 1987-10-08 | Nomix Corporation | Compositions and methods for no mix compounds |
| EP0292307A2 (en) * | 1987-05-21 | 1988-11-23 | Nomix Corporation | Compositions and methods for no mix compounds |
| AU615190B2 (en) * | 1987-05-21 | 1991-09-26 | Nomix Corporation, The | Methods for forming no mix compositions |
| US4839115A (en) * | 1987-05-21 | 1989-06-13 | Nomix Corporation | Methods for forming shapes or blocks of no mix cements |
| EP0292307A3 (en) * | 1987-05-21 | 1990-11-22 | Nomix Corporation | Compositions and methods for no mix compounds |
| US4913862A (en) * | 1987-05-21 | 1990-04-03 | Nomix Corporation | Methods for applying no mix plastic compounds |
| WO1998001630A1 (en) * | 1996-07-05 | 1998-01-15 | Bilfinger + Berger Bauaktiengesellschaft | Capillary barrier for sealing external surfaces |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DK122000B (en) | 1971-12-27 |
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