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US3655379A - Printing by vapor propulsion - Google Patents

Printing by vapor propulsion Download PDF

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Publication number
US3655379A
US3655379A US872135A US3655379DA US3655379A US 3655379 A US3655379 A US 3655379A US 872135 A US872135 A US 872135A US 3655379D A US3655379D A US 3655379DA US 3655379 A US3655379 A US 3655379A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
ink
liquid
image
layer
donor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US872135A
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English (en)
Inventor
Robert W Gundlach
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Xerox Corp
Original Assignee
Xerox Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Xerox Corp filed Critical Xerox Corp
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3655379A publication Critical patent/US3655379A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
    • B41M5/26—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used
    • B41M5/40—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used characterised by the base backcoat, intermediate, or covering layers, e.g. for thermal transfer dye-donor or dye-receiver sheets; Heat, radiation filtering or absorbing means or layers; combined with other image registration layers or compositions; Special originals for reproduction by thermography
    • B41M5/46—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used characterised by the base backcoat, intermediate, or covering layers, e.g. for thermal transfer dye-donor or dye-receiver sheets; Heat, radiation filtering or absorbing means or layers; combined with other image registration layers or compositions; Special originals for reproduction by thermography characterised by the light-to-heat converting means; characterised by the heat or radiation filtering or absorbing means or layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
    • B41M5/26—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used
    • B41M5/382—Contact thermal transfer or sublimation processes
    • B41M5/38207—Contact thermal transfer or sublimation processes characterised by aspects not provided for in groups B41M5/385 - B41M5/395

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A liquid ink layer is formed on the surface of a transparent substrate. The ink layer is exposed through the substrate to high energy radiation causing exposed ink areas to move to a receiver sheet. 1t isbelieved that the ink is' transferred by the rapid expansion of vapor.
  • the above objects and others are accomplished in accordance with this invention by providing a'layer of liquid ink on the surface of a transparent member.
  • a receiver sheet is placed close to the liquid layer.
  • the liquid layer is then exposed to high energy electromagnetic radiation in image configuration. It has been found that when these steps are completed the liquid in light struck areas jumps across a gap to the receiver sheet in image configuration.
  • the image on the receiver sheet may then be fixed by allowing the ink to dry or the receiver sheet may be somewhat porous allowing the liquid to permeate therein.
  • the substrate on which the liquid layer is formed is in the form of a gravure or grooved plate.
  • the grooves or cups are filled with the liquid and the raised areas which contact the receiver are substantially free of ink.
  • the receiver sheet may then be placed in contact with the raised areas of the gravure or grooved plate. Sharper images are obtained when the liquid layer is in the ,form of a series of minute, discrete pools rather than in the form of a uniform liquid layer.
  • a further advantage exists in that since the receiver sheet is in contact with the raised areas of the plate it is almost in contact with the liquid thereby requiring less light energy to move the liquid to the receiver sheet than would be required if the receiver sheet were placed at some distance from the liquid layer and also provides sharper images.
  • a relatively short period of illumination to cause transfer.
  • the energy provided by an extended low level of illumination would tend to be dissipated by conduction to the substrate or surrounding ink layer.
  • a preferred illumination would have an energy of less than about 1.0 joules/cm. for a time not greater than about 10 sec., depending on the thickness of the'layer, the nature of the layer, the gap to be traversed and whether blowing agents are incorporated in the layer. For example, where the illumination time is reduced to about 4 X 10 seconds an energy level of about 0.3 joules/cm. is sufficient.
  • Images may be formed in any color depending only on the color of the liquid ink used. Further, full color images may be prepared by using color separation transparencies and superimpo sing a succession of colored images on a single receiver sheet.
  • Fixing of the image produced may be aided by utilizing a liquid ink in which a paraffin or wax-like material has been dissolved. On evaporation of the liquid component the waxlike material will form a binder for the final image. Or the liquid layer may be a material which is a liquid at elevated temperatures and where fixing is accomplished by allowing the image to cool.
  • the liquid layer may be a dispersion, a suspension, or a solution and may be of one or more phases.
  • the liquid layer may be a printing ink such as a mixture of finely divided pigment such as carbon black suspended in a drying oil such as heatbodied linseed oil. Alkyds, phenol-formaldehyde or other synthetic resins and cobalt, manganese, and lead soaps may be added to achieve rapid drying by oxidation and polymerization. Inks which dry by evaporation of a volatile solvent such as mineral oil may be used. For colored inks pigmented or dyed inks such as inks containing chrome yellows, benzidine yellows or lithol reds may be used.
  • a preferred liquid layer comprises a suspension of carbon black in isopropyl alcohol. This liquid layer is preferred because it gives dark black images and dries rapidly.
  • Blowing agents or foaming agents are those materials which produce an inert gas such as nitrogen or carbon dioxide when heated.
  • Typical blowing agents include pentane, hexane, isohexane, methylene chloride and trichlorotrifluoroethane.
  • FIG. 1 shows a side view of a simple exemplary system for carrying out the process of this invention wherein a transparency is placed on the inside of a transparent drum and exposure is made through the transparency.
  • the thickness of the liquid ink layer has been greatly exaggerated for purposes of clarity.
  • FIG. 2 shows an enlarged cross sectional side view of an exemplary imaging station in accordance with this invention. Sizes and distances have been distorted for purposes of clarity.
  • transparent drum 1 which may be for example glass, plastic, or other suitable transparent material.
  • Liquid ink 2 is applied to the surface of drum 1 by applicator roller 3.
  • the thickness and uniformity of liquid ink 2 is controlled by flexible doctor blade 4.
  • a transparency 5 is placed on the inside of transparent drum 1.
  • the surface of drum 1 is in the form of a gravure or grooved plate, which provides cleaner separation between image and non-image areas.
  • Light source 7 which may be, for example, a laser or other collimated light source and lens 9 are used to provide a high energy source of radiation which is focused in a fine line on the inner surface of liquid ink layer 2.
  • receiver sheet 15 in this exemplary instance is entrained over drum 17.
  • a positive image 19 that is the image which has light and dark areas corresponding to light and dark areas of transparency 5 is formed on drum 1. This image may be transferred and retained where desired.
  • Transparent donor layer 23 is provided with small grooves or dimples 25. Grooves 25 are filled with liquid ink 26 and doctored such that when receiving member 27 is placed in contact with donor 23 no ink transfers without the application of light 29 which is focused to a fine line by cylindrical lens 30. Transparency 33 having image areas 34 provides imagewise illumination of the donor member 23.
  • EXAMPLE I Approximately 50 parts by weight of finely divided carbon black is dispersed in about 50 parts isopropanol.
  • a glass slide is prepared by placing 3 mil tape on its ends. The space between the tape is coated with about a 25 microns thick layer of the suspension. The slide is placed face down over a piece of paper. The tape provides a gap between the ink and the paper of about 2 mils.
  • a stencil is placed on the top side of the glass. The liquid ink is illuminated through the stencil and glass slide by a flash from a gas discharge lamp which provides an energy level of about 0.4 joules/cm. over a time of about 3 X 10 sec. On separation of the glass slide and paper receiver an image is found on the paper corresponding to the stencil.
  • Example II The experiment of Example I is repeated except that the glass slide is placed ink side up, the paper is placed over the slide and the stencil is placed under the slide. That is the paper, slide, stencil combination of Example I is turned over. The ink is exposed through the stencil as in Example I. An image corresponding to the stencil is again found on the paper. This demonstrates that the ink may be driven against the force of gravity.
  • Example III The experiment of Example I is repeated except that the carbon black is replaced by a carbon black pigmented copolymer of polystyrene and n-butylmethacrylate available as xerographic toner. The image is fixed by application of heat providing a rub'resistant high quality image.
  • a glass plate is provided having about I50 grooves to the linear inch both horizontally and vertically.
  • the grooves are approximately 3 mils deep providing a raised area of about l0 percent of the total area.
  • the plate is inked with the ink of Example I using a doctor blade which provides an ink level about /2 mil below the level of the raised areas.
  • a smooth surfaced paper receiver sheet is placed in contact with the plate.
  • the liquid ink is illuminated through a stencil as in Example I providing an image on the receiver paper. This image is compared to the image prepared in Example I and found to be of higher resolution evidencing cleaner separation between illuminated and non-illuminated areas.
  • EXAMPLE V In this Example an opaque black donor member is used and the radiation is directed through the receiver sheet and ink layer before being converted to heat energy by the black donor member.
  • a donor member is' made by forming about 200 parallel grooves per linear inch in black anodized aluminum and at about a right angle to the parallel grooves another about 200 parallel grooves per linear inch are made providing a donor member similar to that of Example IV. The grooves are about 1 mil deep. The inking is doctored so that a /2 mil deep layer of ink is formed in the grooves.
  • a translucent receiver sheet is placed over the inked aluminum donor plate. Illumination is made through a template using infrared radiation of about 0.4 joules/cm. 2 for about 4 X 10 seconds providing an image on the surface of the translucent paper.
  • An imaging process comprising:
  • step (c) (1. providing a receiver member to intercept the ink which is removed from said donor member at least prior to or con currently with step (c).
  • said donor member comprises an opaque member having recessed areas.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Manufacture Or Reproduction Of Printing Formes (AREA)
  • Thermal Transfer Or Thermal Recording In General (AREA)
  • Photosensitive Polymer And Photoresist Processing (AREA)
  • Non-Silver Salt Photosensitive Materials And Non-Silver Salt Photography (AREA)
  • Printing Methods (AREA)
US872135A 1969-10-29 1969-10-29 Printing by vapor propulsion Expired - Lifetime US3655379A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US87213569A 1969-10-29 1969-10-29

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3655379A true US3655379A (en) 1972-04-11

Family

ID=25358920

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US872135A Expired - Lifetime US3655379A (en) 1969-10-29 1969-10-29 Printing by vapor propulsion

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US3655379A (fr)
JP (1) JPS5129408B1 (fr)
BE (1) BE758057A (fr)
CA (1) CA929351A (fr)
DE (1) DE2053002C3 (fr)
FR (1) FR2066828A5 (fr)
GB (1) GB1333783A (fr)
NL (1) NL7015631A (fr)

Cited By (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3787210A (en) * 1971-09-30 1974-01-22 Ncr Laser recording technique using combustible blow-off
US3978247A (en) * 1974-01-28 1976-08-31 Rca Corporation Transfer recording process
US4021818A (en) * 1975-09-22 1977-05-03 Arthur D. Little, Inc. Liquid printing device
US4032691A (en) * 1974-03-22 1977-06-28 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Recording material
US4080897A (en) * 1977-01-07 1978-03-28 Xerox Corporation Selective tack imaging and printing
US4081653A (en) * 1976-12-27 1978-03-28 Western Electric Co., Inc. Removal of thin films from substrates by laser induced explosion
US4111646A (en) * 1977-01-24 1978-09-05 Armstrong Cork Company Method of no-contact printing of carpet with a transfer sheet
DE2843064A1 (de) 1977-10-03 1979-04-12 Canon Kk Verfahren und vorrichtung zur fluessigkeitsstrahl-aufzeichnung
US4312009A (en) * 1979-02-16 1982-01-19 Smh-Adrex Device for projecting ink droplets onto a medium
US4607267A (en) * 1983-12-19 1986-08-19 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Optical ink jet head for ink jet printer
US4630075A (en) * 1984-05-29 1986-12-16 Elm Co. Ltd. Cassette-type printing head
US4675694A (en) * 1986-03-12 1987-06-23 Exxon Printing Systems, Inc. Method and apparatus for a high density array printer using hot melt inks
DE3702643A1 (de) * 1986-02-10 1987-08-13 Toshiba Kawasaki Kk Tintenstrahlschreiber sowie schreibkopf und schreibkopfkassette dafuer
US4725860A (en) * 1985-02-28 1988-02-16 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Ink carrier film in use with ink jet recording device
US4782347A (en) * 1986-04-02 1988-11-01 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Recording head using a plurality of ink storing portions and method of carrying out recording with the use of the same
US4785311A (en) * 1986-01-30 1988-11-15 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Recording head apparatus and method having pluralities of crossed electrodes
US4911733A (en) * 1979-06-20 1990-03-27 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Process for fabricating color filters
US5045697A (en) * 1989-06-01 1991-09-03 Man Roland Druckmaschinen Ag Directly image printing or form cylinder, and method of imaging
US5278023A (en) * 1992-11-16 1994-01-11 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Propellant-containing thermal transfer donor elements
US5342817A (en) * 1992-06-29 1994-08-30 Eastman Kodak Company Noncontact donor and receiver holder for thermal printing
DE2858823C2 (de) * 1977-10-03 1996-11-07 Canon Kk Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Flüssigkeitsstrahl-Aufzeichnung
US5760808A (en) * 1994-04-20 1998-06-02 Oce Printing Systems Gmbh Thermoelectric printing unit for transferring an ink onto a recording medium
US6027849A (en) * 1992-03-23 2000-02-22 Imation Corp. Ablative imageable element
US6045980A (en) * 1995-09-29 2000-04-04 Leybold Systems Gmbh Optical digital media recording and reproduction system
US6309060B1 (en) * 1998-03-12 2001-10-30 Oce-Technologies B.V. Inkjet printing device, a method of applying hotmelt ink, image-wise to a receiving material and a hotmelt ink suitable for use in such a device and method
US6752488B2 (en) * 2002-06-10 2004-06-22 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Inkjet print head
US7201102B1 (en) * 1999-06-30 2007-04-10 Oce Printing Systems Gmbh Method and printer device for transferring printing fluid onto a carrier material as well as appertaining printing drum
US20100085585A1 (en) * 2008-10-03 2010-04-08 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Digital imaging of marking materials by thermally induced pattern-wise transfer
US20110012980A1 (en) * 2009-07-14 2011-01-20 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Latent resistive image layer for high speed thermal printing applications
US20140061976A1 (en) * 2012-09-05 2014-03-06 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Ag Method and apparatus for producing embossed structures in radiation-curing materials

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2543047A (en) * 1947-05-21 1951-02-27 Eastman Kodak Co Method of printing through cellular plates
US2616961A (en) * 1946-09-23 1952-11-04 Groak Josef Printing
US3207602A (en) * 1961-12-29 1965-09-21 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Copysheet and method for making copies therefrom
US3280735A (en) * 1964-04-13 1966-10-25 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Heat-copying process
US3360367A (en) * 1966-03-15 1967-12-26 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Copying of graphic images
US3408216A (en) * 1964-12-02 1968-10-29 Xerox Corp Image reproduction
US3446617A (en) * 1962-04-20 1969-05-27 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Thermographic copying process
US3455687A (en) * 1964-11-28 1969-07-15 Eastman Kodak Co Photothermographic copying process
US3490371A (en) * 1964-10-06 1970-01-20 Imagic Ltd Copying processes

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3701824A (en) * 1970-03-25 1972-10-31 Pulp Paper Res Inst Method of removing odoriferous sulphur compounds from vapours or gas streams

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2616961A (en) * 1946-09-23 1952-11-04 Groak Josef Printing
US2543047A (en) * 1947-05-21 1951-02-27 Eastman Kodak Co Method of printing through cellular plates
US3207602A (en) * 1961-12-29 1965-09-21 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Copysheet and method for making copies therefrom
US3446617A (en) * 1962-04-20 1969-05-27 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Thermographic copying process
US3280735A (en) * 1964-04-13 1966-10-25 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Heat-copying process
US3490371A (en) * 1964-10-06 1970-01-20 Imagic Ltd Copying processes
US3455687A (en) * 1964-11-28 1969-07-15 Eastman Kodak Co Photothermographic copying process
US3408216A (en) * 1964-12-02 1968-10-29 Xerox Corp Image reproduction
US3360367A (en) * 1966-03-15 1967-12-26 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Copying of graphic images

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Rositon et al., IBM Technical Disc. Bull., Vol. 7, No. 3, Aug. 1964, page 224. *

Cited By (37)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3787210A (en) * 1971-09-30 1974-01-22 Ncr Laser recording technique using combustible blow-off
US3978247A (en) * 1974-01-28 1976-08-31 Rca Corporation Transfer recording process
US4032691A (en) * 1974-03-22 1977-06-28 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Recording material
US4021818A (en) * 1975-09-22 1977-05-03 Arthur D. Little, Inc. Liquid printing device
US4081653A (en) * 1976-12-27 1978-03-28 Western Electric Co., Inc. Removal of thin films from substrates by laser induced explosion
US4080897A (en) * 1977-01-07 1978-03-28 Xerox Corporation Selective tack imaging and printing
US4111646A (en) * 1977-01-24 1978-09-05 Armstrong Cork Company Method of no-contact printing of carpet with a transfer sheet
DE2843064A1 (de) 1977-10-03 1979-04-12 Canon Kk Verfahren und vorrichtung zur fluessigkeitsstrahl-aufzeichnung
DE2858823C2 (de) * 1977-10-03 1996-11-07 Canon Kk Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Flüssigkeitsstrahl-Aufzeichnung
DE2858822C2 (de) * 1977-10-03 1997-08-07 Canon Kk Verfahren zur Flüssigkeitsstrahl-Aufzeichung
US5159349A (en) * 1977-10-03 1992-10-27 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Recording apparatus which projects droplets of liquid through generation of bubbles in a liquid flow path in response to signals received from a photosensor
US5122814A (en) * 1977-10-03 1992-06-16 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Bubble jet recording apparatus actuated by interface means
US4312009A (en) * 1979-02-16 1982-01-19 Smh-Adrex Device for projecting ink droplets onto a medium
US4911733A (en) * 1979-06-20 1990-03-27 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Process for fabricating color filters
US4607267A (en) * 1983-12-19 1986-08-19 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Optical ink jet head for ink jet printer
US4630075A (en) * 1984-05-29 1986-12-16 Elm Co. Ltd. Cassette-type printing head
US4725860A (en) * 1985-02-28 1988-02-16 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Ink carrier film in use with ink jet recording device
US4785311A (en) * 1986-01-30 1988-11-15 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Recording head apparatus and method having pluralities of crossed electrodes
US5021808A (en) * 1986-02-10 1991-06-04 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Laser actuated recording apparatus
DE3702643A1 (de) * 1986-02-10 1987-08-13 Toshiba Kawasaki Kk Tintenstrahlschreiber sowie schreibkopf und schreibkopfkassette dafuer
US4675694A (en) * 1986-03-12 1987-06-23 Exxon Printing Systems, Inc. Method and apparatus for a high density array printer using hot melt inks
US4782347A (en) * 1986-04-02 1988-11-01 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Recording head using a plurality of ink storing portions and method of carrying out recording with the use of the same
US5045697A (en) * 1989-06-01 1991-09-03 Man Roland Druckmaschinen Ag Directly image printing or form cylinder, and method of imaging
US6027849A (en) * 1992-03-23 2000-02-22 Imation Corp. Ablative imageable element
US5342817A (en) * 1992-06-29 1994-08-30 Eastman Kodak Company Noncontact donor and receiver holder for thermal printing
US5278023A (en) * 1992-11-16 1994-01-11 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Propellant-containing thermal transfer donor elements
US5760808A (en) * 1994-04-20 1998-06-02 Oce Printing Systems Gmbh Thermoelectric printing unit for transferring an ink onto a recording medium
US6045980A (en) * 1995-09-29 2000-04-04 Leybold Systems Gmbh Optical digital media recording and reproduction system
US6309060B1 (en) * 1998-03-12 2001-10-30 Oce-Technologies B.V. Inkjet printing device, a method of applying hotmelt ink, image-wise to a receiving material and a hotmelt ink suitable for use in such a device and method
US7201102B1 (en) * 1999-06-30 2007-04-10 Oce Printing Systems Gmbh Method and printer device for transferring printing fluid onto a carrier material as well as appertaining printing drum
US6752488B2 (en) * 2002-06-10 2004-06-22 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Inkjet print head
US20100085585A1 (en) * 2008-10-03 2010-04-08 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Digital imaging of marking materials by thermally induced pattern-wise transfer
US8487970B2 (en) 2008-10-03 2013-07-16 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Digital imaging of marking materials by thermally induced pattern-wise transfer
US20110012980A1 (en) * 2009-07-14 2011-01-20 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Latent resistive image layer for high speed thermal printing applications
US8040364B2 (en) 2009-07-14 2011-10-18 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Latent resistive image layer for high speed thermal printing applications
US20140061976A1 (en) * 2012-09-05 2014-03-06 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Ag Method and apparatus for producing embossed structures in radiation-curing materials
US9878485B2 (en) * 2012-09-05 2018-01-30 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Ag Method and apparatus for producing embossed structures in radiation-curing materials

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1333783A (en) 1973-10-17
NL7015631A (fr) 1971-05-04
FR2066828A5 (fr) 1971-08-06
CA929351A (en) 1973-07-03
DE2053002A1 (de) 1971-05-06
JPS5129408B1 (fr) 1976-08-25
BE758057A (fr) 1971-04-27
DE2053002B2 (de) 1978-05-11
DE2053002C3 (de) 1979-01-11

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