US3649252A - Steels resistant to stress corrosion cracking - Google Patents
Steels resistant to stress corrosion cracking Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3649252A US3649252A US752771A US3649252DA US3649252A US 3649252 A US3649252 A US 3649252A US 752771 A US752771 A US 752771A US 3649252D A US3649252D A US 3649252DA US 3649252 A US3649252 A US 3649252A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- percent
- chromium
- iron
- stress corrosion
- corrosion cracking
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
Definitions
- the present invention is concerned with steels containing from 12 to 20 percent of chromium which are resistant to stress corrosion cracking.
- 18/8 austenitic steels are very prone to stress corrosion cracking, particularly where chloride-bearing environments are encountered and where operating temperatures are in excess of the ambient temperature. Resistance of this type of austenitic steel to stress corrosion cracking can be increased by raising the nickel content but this also increases the cost considerably.
- Iron containing from 17 to 20 percent of chromium displays excellent resistance to stress corrosion cracking.
- chromium irons develop a coarse-grain structure which gives rise to brittleness, if heated to above about 900 C. as occurs at a weld.
- welding reduces the resistance to corrosion and as a result further heat treatment is necessary after the welding process.
- the present invention provides a steel comprising, by weight, from 0.01 to 0.2 percent carbon, from 0.01 to 2.0 percent silicon, from 0.01 to 4.0 percent manganese, from 1.0 to 5.0 percent nickel, from 12.0 to 20.0 percent chromium, from 0.5 to 2.5 percent molybdenum, from 0.1 to 2.0 percent niobium, from 0.01 to 0.1 percent nitrogen.
- Preferred proportions of the nonferrous components of the alloy are, by weight, from 0.02 to 0.06 percent carbon, from 0.25 to 0.7 percent silicon, from 0.3 to 1.0 percent manganese, from 2.0 to 3.0 percent nickel, from 15.0 to 17.0 percent chromium, from 0.8 to 1.2 percent molybdenum, from 0.4 to 0.7 percent niobium and from 0.02 to 0.04 percent nitrogen.
- the steels of the present invention show improved properties compared with 18/8 austenitic steels and conventional 17-20 percent chromium iron.
- the steels of this invention retain the very high resistance of the 17-20 percent chromium irons to stress corrosion cracking but may also be welded with insignificant grain growth to give no necessity for a post welding heat treatment.
- the general corrosion resistance in chloride environments is improved until it approaches that of the 18/8 steels.
- the stress corrosion cracking resistance was demonstrated by the following results of tests in the often used reagent 42% magnesium chloride solution at boiling point. Uniaxially loaded specimens were used with a stress of 20 tons/square inch.
- the steel 17% Cr is a 17 percent chromium iron, and the steel en58E" is an example of an 18/8 austenitic steel.
- the invention also provides articles whenever made from the alloys described above.
- Iron the balance with usual impurities in ordinary amounts.
- An iron-chromium based alloy for use in an article involving stress corrosion and welding consisting essentially of the Iron, the balance with usual impurities in ordinary amounts.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
- Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
Abstract
A chromium steel having good resistance to stress corrosion cracking comprises by weight from 0.01 to 0.2 percent carbon, from 0.01 to 2.0 percent silicon, from 0.01 to 4.0 percent manganese, from 1.0 to 5.0 percent nickel, from 12.0 to 20.0 percent chromium, from 0.5 to 2.5 percent molybdenum, from 0.1 to 2.0 percent niobium, 0.01 to 0.1 percent nitrogen and iron the balance apart from normal impurities.
Description
United States Patent Kirkby et al.
[ 5] Mar. 14, 1972 STEELS RESISTANT TO STRESS CORROSION CRACKING Inventors: Henry William Kirkby, 17 Furniss Avenue, Totley Rise, Sheffield; John Edmund Truman, 14 Park Avenue, Chapeltown, both of England Filed: Aug. 15, 1968 Appl. No.: 752,771
Foreign Application Priority Data Aug. 16, 1967 Great Britain ..37,795/67 US. Cl. ..75/l28 G, 75/128 N, 75/128 W Int. Cl ..C22c 39/20 Field olSearch ..75/128.6, 128.9, 126 C, 126.1,
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS l/l937 Franks ..75/128.6
FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 212,628 1/1958 Australia ..75/128.6
Primary Examiner-Byland Bizot Attorney-Buell, Blenko and Ziesenheim [5 7] ABSTRACT 4 Claims, No Drawings STEELS RESISTANT TO STRESS CORROSION CRACKING The present invention is concerned with steels containing from 12 to 20 percent of chromium which are resistant to stress corrosion cracking.
Under certain conditions, 18/8 austenitic steels are very prone to stress corrosion cracking, particularly where chloride-bearing environments are encountered and where operating temperatures are in excess of the ambient temperature. Resistance of this type of austenitic steel to stress corrosion cracking can be increased by raising the nickel content but this also increases the cost considerably.
Iron containing from 17 to 20 percent of chromium displays excellent resistance to stress corrosion cracking. However such chromium irons develop a coarse-grain structure which gives rise to brittleness, if heated to above about 900 C. as occurs at a weld. Furthermore, welding reduces the resistance to corrosion and as a result further heat treatment is necessary after the welding process.
The present invention provides a steel comprising, by weight, from 0.01 to 0.2 percent carbon, from 0.01 to 2.0 percent silicon, from 0.01 to 4.0 percent manganese, from 1.0 to 5.0 percent nickel, from 12.0 to 20.0 percent chromium, from 0.5 to 2.5 percent molybdenum, from 0.1 to 2.0 percent niobium, from 0.01 to 0.1 percent nitrogen.
Preferred proportions of the nonferrous components of the alloy are, by weight, from 0.02 to 0.06 percent carbon, from 0.25 to 0.7 percent silicon, from 0.3 to 1.0 percent manganese, from 2.0 to 3.0 percent nickel, from 15.0 to 17.0 percent chromium, from 0.8 to 1.2 percent molybdenum, from 0.4 to 0.7 percent niobium and from 0.02 to 0.04 percent nitrogen.
It has been found that the steels of the present invention show improved properties compared with 18/8 austenitic steels and conventional 17-20 percent chromium iron. The steels of this invention retain the very high resistance of the 17-20 percent chromium irons to stress corrosion cracking but may also be welded with insignificant grain growth to give no necessity for a post welding heat treatment. In addition, the general corrosion resistance in chloride environments is improved until it approaches that of the 18/8 steels.
The properties of the steels of this invention are illustrated in the following Examples.
EXAMPLE 1 Mo Nh N,
Cast A 0.05 0.53 0.57 2.49 15.65 0.99 0.66 0.028
Case B 0.02 0.49 0.60 2.50 15.64 0.97 0.50 0.039 CastC 0.05 0.50 0.57 2.49 15.65 0.99 0.66 0.030
The stress corrosion cracking resistance was demonstrated by the following results of tests in the often used reagent 42% magnesium chloride solution at boiling point. Uniaxially loaded specimens were used with a stress of 20 tons/square inch.
Steel Time to Rupture Cast A 500 hours not failed Cast B 1,015 hours not failed Cast C 500 hours not failed 17% Cr 500 hours not failed En58E 2 hours-ruptured The steel 17% Cr is a 17 percent chromium iron, and the steel en58E" is an example of an 18/8 austenitic steel.
EXAMPLE 2 Steel 3% Sodium chloride 10% Sodium chloride Cast B 0.0000 gJcm. 0.0016 gJcm.
Pitted 17% Cr 0.0016 gJcm. 0.0035 gJcm.
severe pitting severe pitting En58E 0.0000 g.lcm. 0.0004 gJcm.
slight pitting EXAMPLE 3 The weldability of the steel was demonstrated by welding three-fourths inch diameters bars using nickel base alloy electrodes. Welds were also produced in 10 gauge sheet using nickel base electrodes and the electric arc process, and autogencously by the inert gas shielded, tungsten electric arc process. In both cases bend tests through over a radium of lit, where t is the thickness of the sample, were made without any cracking of parent metal, weld or heat afifected zone. Samples of Cast C, of the composition given in Example 1, were prepared with the weld bead at midparallel. Tensile tests on these samples gave the following results.
None of the welded samples showed any sign of intergranular corrosion after 3 days at boiling point in the standard sulphuric acid/copper sulphate test reagent.
The invention also provides articles whenever made from the alloys described above.
We claim:
1. An iron-chromium based alloy for use in an article involving stress corrosion and welding consisting essentially of the following elements in the stated weight percentages:
Carbon 0.02 to 0.06%
Silicon 0.25 to 0.7% Manganese 0.3 to 1.0% Nickel 2.0 to 3.0%
Chromium 15.0 to 17.0%
Molybdenum 0.8 to 1.2% Niobium 0.4 to 0.7% Nitrogen 0.02 to 0.04%
Iron, the balance with usual impurities in ordinary amounts.
2. An iron-chromium based alloy for use in an article involving stress corrosion and welding consisting essentially of the following elements in the stated weight percentages:
Carbon 0.05% Silicon 0.53% Manganese 0.57% Nickel 2.49% Chromium 15.65% Molybdenum 0.99% Nitrogen 0.028% Niobium 0.66%
Iron, the balance with usual impurities in ordinary amounts. 3. An iron-chromium based alloy for use in an article involving stress corrosion and welding consisting essentially of the Iron, the balance with usual impurities in ordinary amounts.
4. An iron-chromium based alloy for use in an article involving stress corrosion and welding consisting essentially of the following elements in the stated weight percentages:
Carbon 0.05% Silicon 0.50% Manganese 0.57% Nickel 2.49% Chromium l 5.65% Molybdenum 0.99% Niobium 0.66% Nitrogen 0.030%
Iron, the balance with usual impurities in ordinary amounts.
Claims (3)
- 2. An iron-chromium based alloy for use in an article involving stress corrosion and welding consisting essentially of the following elements in the stated weight percentages: Carbon 0.05% Silicon 0.53% Manganese 0.57% Nickel 2.49% Chromium 15.65% Molybdenum 0.99% Nitrogen 0.028% Niobium 0.66% Iron, the balance with usual impurities in ordinary amounts.
- 3. An iron-chromium based alloy for use in an article involving stress corrosion and welding consisting essentially of the following elements in the stated weight percentages: Carbon 0.02% Silicon 0.49% Manganese 0.60% Nickel 2.50% Chromium 15.64% Molybdenum 0.97% Niobium 0.50% Nitrogen 0.039% Iron, the balance with usual impurities in ordinary amounts.
- 4. An iron-chromium based alloy for use in an article involving stress corrosion and welding consisting essentially of the following elements in the stated weight percentages: Carbon 0.05% Silicon 0.50% Manganese 0.57% Nickel 2.49% Chromium 15.65% Molybdenum 0.99% Niobium 0.66% Nitrogen 0.030% Iron, the balance with usual impurities in ordinary amounts.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB37795/67A GB1241291A (en) | 1967-08-16 | 1967-08-16 | Steels resistant to stress corrosion cracking |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3649252A true US3649252A (en) | 1972-03-14 |
Family
ID=10399054
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US752771A Expired - Lifetime US3649252A (en) | 1967-08-16 | 1968-08-15 | Steels resistant to stress corrosion cracking |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3649252A (en) |
AT (1) | AT320703B (en) |
BE (1) | BE719486A (en) |
CH (1) | CH504536A (en) |
DE (1) | DE1758819A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR1576975A (en) |
GB (1) | GB1241291A (en) |
SE (1) | SE343335B (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3901690A (en) * | 1971-05-11 | 1975-08-26 | Carpenter Technology Corp | Wear resistant alloy steels containing cb and one of ti, hf or zr |
US4299623A (en) * | 1979-11-05 | 1981-11-10 | Azbukin Vladimir G | Corrosion-resistant weldable martensitic stainless steel, process for the manufacture thereof and articles |
US4374680A (en) * | 1979-11-05 | 1983-02-22 | Azbukin Vladimir G | Corrosion-resistant weldable martensitic stainless steel, process for the manufacture thereof and articles |
US5582657A (en) * | 1993-11-25 | 1996-12-10 | Hitachi Metals, Ltd. | Heat-resistant, ferritic cast steel having high castability and exhaust equipment member made thereof |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS518731B2 (en) * | 1971-11-06 | 1976-03-19 | ||
US4406698A (en) * | 1980-04-28 | 1983-09-27 | Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Martensitic stainless cast steel having high cavitation erosion resistance |
DE3271810D1 (en) * | 1982-02-26 | 1986-07-31 | Kubota Ltd | Heat-resisting alloy for rolls |
US4540424A (en) * | 1983-02-26 | 1985-09-10 | Kubota, Ltd. | Heat-resisting alloy for rolls for glass forming |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2067630A (en) * | 1934-07-28 | 1937-01-12 | Union Carbide & Carbon Corp | Welding rod |
US2695229A (en) * | 1950-10-28 | 1954-11-23 | Allegheny Ludlum Steel | Chrome-nickel hardenable stainless steel |
US2747989A (en) * | 1952-05-28 | 1956-05-29 | Firth Vickers Stainless Steels Ltd | Ferritic alloys |
US3023098A (en) * | 1958-11-03 | 1962-02-27 | Babcock & Wilcox Co | Low carbon ferritic stainless steel |
US3281287A (en) * | 1962-02-27 | 1966-10-25 | Sandvikens Jernverks Ab | Corrosion resistant edge tool and method of making the same |
US3337331A (en) * | 1964-01-29 | 1967-08-22 | Sandvikens Jernverks Ab | Corrosion resistant steel alloy |
-
1967
- 1967-08-16 GB GB37795/67A patent/GB1241291A/en not_active Expired
-
1968
- 1968-08-14 CH CH1219668A patent/CH504536A/en unknown
- 1968-08-14 FR FR1576975D patent/FR1576975A/fr not_active Expired
- 1968-08-14 AT AT797868A patent/AT320703B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1968-08-14 BE BE719486D patent/BE719486A/xx unknown
- 1968-08-14 DE DE19681758819 patent/DE1758819A1/en active Pending
- 1968-08-15 US US752771A patent/US3649252A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1968-08-15 SE SE11007/68A patent/SE343335B/xx unknown
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2067630A (en) * | 1934-07-28 | 1937-01-12 | Union Carbide & Carbon Corp | Welding rod |
US2695229A (en) * | 1950-10-28 | 1954-11-23 | Allegheny Ludlum Steel | Chrome-nickel hardenable stainless steel |
US2747989A (en) * | 1952-05-28 | 1956-05-29 | Firth Vickers Stainless Steels Ltd | Ferritic alloys |
US3023098A (en) * | 1958-11-03 | 1962-02-27 | Babcock & Wilcox Co | Low carbon ferritic stainless steel |
US3281287A (en) * | 1962-02-27 | 1966-10-25 | Sandvikens Jernverks Ab | Corrosion resistant edge tool and method of making the same |
US3337331A (en) * | 1964-01-29 | 1967-08-22 | Sandvikens Jernverks Ab | Corrosion resistant steel alloy |
US3337331B1 (en) * | 1964-01-29 | 1967-08-22 |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3901690A (en) * | 1971-05-11 | 1975-08-26 | Carpenter Technology Corp | Wear resistant alloy steels containing cb and one of ti, hf or zr |
US4299623A (en) * | 1979-11-05 | 1981-11-10 | Azbukin Vladimir G | Corrosion-resistant weldable martensitic stainless steel, process for the manufacture thereof and articles |
US4374680A (en) * | 1979-11-05 | 1983-02-22 | Azbukin Vladimir G | Corrosion-resistant weldable martensitic stainless steel, process for the manufacture thereof and articles |
US5582657A (en) * | 1993-11-25 | 1996-12-10 | Hitachi Metals, Ltd. | Heat-resistant, ferritic cast steel having high castability and exhaust equipment member made thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB1241291A (en) | 1971-08-04 |
DE1758819A1 (en) | 1971-03-25 |
BE719486A (en) | 1969-01-16 |
CH504536A (en) | 1971-03-15 |
AT320703B (en) | 1975-02-25 |
SE343335B (en) | 1972-03-06 |
FR1576975A (en) | 1969-08-01 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
KR900006870B1 (en) | Ferrite-austenitic stainless steel | |
US3904401A (en) | Corrosion resistant austenitic stainless steel | |
US3201233A (en) | Crack resistant stainless steel alloys | |
US3306736A (en) | Austenitic stainless steel | |
US3044872A (en) | Steel alloy composition | |
US3556776A (en) | Stainless steel | |
PL171499B1 (en) | Austenitic ni-mo alloy | |
JPH0244896B2 (en) | ||
US9808877B2 (en) | Alloy, overlay, and methods thereof | |
US3408178A (en) | Age hardenable stainless steel alloy | |
US3649252A (en) | Steels resistant to stress corrosion cracking | |
US11021778B2 (en) | Austenitic stainless steel weld metal and welded structure | |
Loginow et al. | Influence of Alloying Elements on the stress corrosion behavior of austenitic Stainless Steel | |
US3813239A (en) | Corrosion-resistant nickel-iron alloy | |
US3168397A (en) | Steel alloy | |
US3833358A (en) | Refractory iron-base alloy resisting to high temperatures | |
US3600161A (en) | Low-alloyed high strength steel having resistance to the sulfide corrosion cracking | |
US3370946A (en) | Titanium alloy | |
US3514284A (en) | Age hardenable nickel-iron alloy for cryogenic service | |
JPS582265B2 (en) | Ferrite Goukin | |
US3495977A (en) | Stainless steel resistant to stress corrosion cracking | |
US3005706A (en) | High strength alloys of zirconium | |
US4194909A (en) | Forgeable nickel-base super alloy | |
JPS6184348A (en) | Ni alloy having superior resistance to intergranular corrosion and stress corrosion cracking and superior hot workability | |
US3932175A (en) | Chromium, molybdenum ferritic stainless steels |