US3505044A

US3505044A - Chemical composition

Info

Publication number: US3505044A
Application number: US676619A
Authority: US
Inventors: Philip Lee Bartlett; Charles Bedford Biswell
Original assignee: EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
Current assignee: EIDP Inc
Priority date: 1964-06-15
Filing date: 1967-10-19
Publication date: 1970-04-07
Anticipated expiration: 1987-04-07
Also published as: GB1053193A; FR1451313A; DE1545502A1; DE1545502B2; US3428713A; DE1545502C3

Abstract

1,053,193. Alkanol amine salts of alkyl acid orthophosphate esters. E. I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS & CO. June 15, 1965 [June 15, 1964; Jan. 13, 1965], No. 25243/65. Heading C2C. [Also in Division C5] The invention comprises a salt of a primary mono- or di-alkyl orthophosphate ester in which each alkyl group contains from 8 to 16 carbon atoms and an alkanol amine having the formula wherein R and R<SP>1</SP> are hydrogen or alkyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl or alkyl phenyl groups, R and R<SP>1</SP> together containing a total of from 8 to 24 carbon atoms, R<SP>11</SP> is an alkyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl or aralkyl group containing 6 to 25 carbon atoms and R<SP>111</SP> is hydroxyethyl or a hydroxypropyl radical. The salt may be prepared by neutralizing the alkyl orthophosphate ester with the appropriate alkanol amine, the reactants normally being in equimolar proportions. The orphosphate esters may be obtained by reacting an alcohol (3 moles) with phosphorus pentoxide (1 mole) to give an approximately equimolar mixture of the corresponding mono- and di-alkyl esters of phosphoric acid. This mixture may be used as such to prepare a mixture of amine salts or the separate esters may be isolated from it and used to prepare individual amine salts. The alcohols used may be branched- or straight-chain primary alkanols having 8 to 16 carbon atoms or mixtures thereof. The branched-chain alkanols may be those prepared by the Oxo-process using a branchedchain olefin such as C 7 -C 15 mono-olefinic polymers and interpolymers of propylene and butylene, or they may be prepared by the aldolisation of appropriate aldehydes followed by hydrogenation or by the alkaline condensation of primary alcohols of the type RCH 2 CH 2 OH where R is an alkyl group of from 2 to 6 carbon atoms. The alkanol-amines of type A above may be obtained by the reaction of the appropriate amine RR<SP>1</SP>NH with 3-chloropropanediol-1,2 and those of type B may be prepared by reading the appropriate amine R<SP>11</SP>NH 2 with ethylene oxide or propylene oxide or, when R<SP>111</SP> is hydroxyethyl, by reacting the alkyl or aralkyl chloride R<SP>11</SP>Cl with diethanolamine. The amine phosphate salts are useful as anti-stalling additives for hydrocarbon distillate fuels (see Division C5).

Description

United States Patent US. Cl. 44--72 6 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Alkanol amine salts of alkyl acid orthophosphates are used as anti-stalling agents for gasoline.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This is a division of copending application Ser. No. 425,329, filed Jan. 13, 1965, now Pat. No. 3,428,713 which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 375,357, filed June 15, 1964, now abandoned.

This invention is directed to novel alkanol amine salts of alkyl acid phosphates and to improved gasoline compositions containing alkanol amine salts of alkyl acid phosphates as additives.

A common occurrence in the operation of an internal combustion engine is frequent engine stalling in climates Where high humidity is common with temperatures be tween about 30 F. and 60 F. This stalling is attributed to the formation of ice particles in the carburetor, especially on the throttle plate and surrounding body Walls. The formation of ice in the carburetor, known as carburetor icing, is caused by a temperature reduction in the metal parts of the carburetor as the fuel vaporizes. This lower metal temperature in turn causes the moisture in the air coming into the carburetor to condense and freeze at the edge of the throttle plate and on the air bleeds of the carburetor. Ice formation at the edge of the throttle plate reduces the flow of air to the engine thereby causing the engine to stall. On the other hand, ice formation on the air bleeds or venturi causes the engine to stall from excessively rich mixtures of gasoline.

Ice formation also occurs in the emulsion tube type carburetor which is used extensively in foreign-make cars. This type of carburetor comprises an emulsion tube in which the air and gasoline are mixed, metered and then carbureted. Ice initially forms at the air correction inlet of the emulsion tube and eventually causes the engine to stall.

Frequent engine stalling also results from operating conditions existing in heavy stop-and-go traflic when the engine is often operating at idling speeds. The reason for the engine to stall in such traffic is due mainly to accumulation of foreign materials on the walls of the carburetor throttle body which is below the closed portion of the throttle plate. Foreign materials are able to enter the carburetor at idling speeds because the air filter at such speeds is relatively ineffective. Most contaminants or foreign materials which enter the carburetor at idling speeds are those thrown out of the engine through the crankcase blowby. These contaminants remain trapped under the hood while the car is stopped and easily enter the carburetor while the engine is idling. Other sources of contaminants are exhaust fumes from the car ahead and the normal smoke and dust which accumulate in the air as a result of heavy traffic conditions. A common remedy used to eliminate this problem is the adjustment of the engine to higher idling speeds. This action, however, is uneconomical since it wastes gasoline.

It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide novel alkanol amine salts of alkyl acid phosphates.

It is another object of the present invention to provide an improved distillate fuel composition which reduces engine stalling by preventing ice formation in the carburetor and by maintaining a clean carburetor free from carbonaceous deposit.

More specifically, the present invention is directed to novel salts of primary alkyl acid orthophosphates wherein each esterifying alkyl group contains 8 to 16 carbon atoms and an alkanol amine having either the structure RRNCHzCH-CH:

OH H

wherein R and R may be hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl and alkyl phenyl wherein R and R have a sum total of from 8 to 24 carbon atoms, or

wherein R" is an alkyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl, or aralkyl hydrocarbon radical of from 6 to 25 carbon atoms and R is either a hydroxy ethyl or hydroxy propyl radical.

The present invention is also directed to a normally liquid hydrocarbon distillate fuel containing as an antistall additive an effective amount of the hereinbefore described alkanol amine salt.

The amine salts of the present invention may be prepared according to any of the methods known to the art. For instance, the amine salt may be prepared by neutralizing the alkyl acid phosphate with the amine. Normally a molecule of amine is used for each molecule of the phosphate to produce a salt exerting a substantially neutral pH. The preferred salt of this invention is the bis(2-hydroxyethyl) n-dodecyl amine salt of an approximately equimolar mixture of di-oxo-tridecyl hydrogen phosphate and mono-oxo-tridecyl dihydrogen phosphate which is commonly referred to as the C alkyl diethanolamine salt of the mixed monoand di-tridecyl acid phosphate. Other preferred salts of the present invention are the N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl) tert.-dodecylamine salt of an approximately equimolar mixture of di-oxo-tridecyl hydrogen phosphate and mono-oxo-tridecyl dihydrogen phosphate, the bis(2-hydroxyethyl) cocoa amine salt of an approximately equimolar mixture of di-oxo-actyl hydrogen phosphate and mono-oxo-octyl dihydrogen phosphate, and the bis(2-hydroxyethyl) cocoa amine salt of an approximately equimolar mixture of di-oxo-tridecyl hydrogen phosphate and mono-oxo-tridecyl dihydrogen phosphate.

The primary alkyl acid esters of orthophosphoric acid (acid phosphates) will be understood to be those esters in which only 1 or 2 of the three acidic hydrogen atoms of orthophosphoric acid have been replaced by alkyl groups, i.e., the monoalkyl dihydrogen phosphates and the dialkyl hydrogen phosphates. Such esters may be obtained according to the general methods of the art which involve reacting an alcohol with phosphorus pentoxide (P 0 From about 2 to about 4 moles of the alcohol may be used per mole of P 0 Preferably, about 3 moles of the alcohol per mole of P 0 will be used to yield approximately equimolar mixtures of the monoand di alkyl esters of orthophosphoric acid, that is, from about 40 to about 60 mole percent of the monoalkyl esters and the remainder of the dialkyl esters. These mixtures of monoand dialkyl esters are preferred for reasons of economy, but other mixtures, as well as the monoalkyl esters and dialkyl esters individually, may also be used in forming the amine salts of this invention. The esters can be separated from the mixtures in which they are prepared by conventional means known in the art.

For the preparation of these primary alkyl acid phosphates, the alcohol is a branched or straight-chain primary alkanol having 8 to 16 carbon atoms or a mixture of two or more straight or branched chains or mixtures of straight and branched chain alkanols. The branched chain alkanols are preferably those made by the wellknown Oxo-process from C0, H and a branched chain olefin such as the C C monoolefinic polymers and interpolymers of propylene and butylene, as described, for example, in US. Patents 2,824,836 and 2,884,379. Examples of preferred Oxo-alcohols that may be used are isooctyl alcohol from the propylene-butylene dimer, branched tridecyl primary alcohols from triisobutylene and from tetrapropylene, and the branched hexadecyl primary alcohols from pentapropylene. Other branched chain primary alkanols that can be used are those that may be prepared by alkaline condensation of two primary alkanols, having the structure RCH CH OH wherein R is an alkyl of from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, to produce primary alkanols branched in the 2-position such as RCH CH CHRCH OH. For example, 2-hexyldecanol-1 is produced by heating n-octanol with caustic and zinc dust, and similarly, 2-ethylhexanol-1 is prepared from butanol-l, as more fully described in US. Patent 2,457,- 866. Other alcohols that may be prepared by the latter method and other methods known in the art and used to prepare phosphates according to the present invention are of the formula RCH CH CHRCH OH wherein R is the same or different alkyl group, each alkyl group having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms. The branched alcohols may also be prepared by the conventional aldolization of suitable aldehydes followed by hydrogenation. In this way, the well-known Oxooctaldehyde, which is obtained from heptene-l, CO and H and which is a mixture consisting very largely of dimethylhexaldehydes, ethylhexaldehydes, and methylheptaldehydes containing the grouping CH CH=O, is converted into 2-hexyldecanol, R'CHRCH OH, wherein R stands for C alkyl groups, such as dimethylbutyl, methylpentyl and ethylbutyl, and R stands for C alkyl groups such as dimethylhexyl, ethylhexyl and trimethylpentyl groups. The straightchain primary alkanols are readily available commercially, Examples of such straight-chain alcohols are octanol, nonanol, decanol, dodecanol, tridecanol, tetradecanol and hexadecanol.

The preferred alkyl acid phosphates utilized in this invention are the monoand dialkyl acid phosphates wherein the alkyl group is either isooctyl, 2-ethylhexyl, tridecyl or hexadecyl.

The amines which are utilized to produce the novel salts of the alkyl acid phosphates of this invention are alkanol amines of two different classifications.

The first class, designated as (A), has the following structural formula (A) RRN-CHz-CH-CHz OH OH wherein R and R can be hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl, or alkylphenyl. The total number of carbon atoms present in the R and R' substituents must be from 8 to 24. Representative examples of the alkyl and cycloalkyl radicals are ethyl, butyl, hexyl, n-octyl, tert.-octyl, no-dodecyl, tert.-dodecyl, hexadecyl, the mixed C to S tertiary-alkyl fractions, cyclohexyl, cyclooctyl and cyclodecyl. Examples of the alkylphenyl radicals are poctylphenyl, p-decylphenyl, and p-dodecylphenyl. The alkanol amines of this class may be obtained by any of the methods known in the art. For example, they are easily obtained by the reaction of the appropriate amine, RRNH, with 3-chloropropanediol-1,2,

[ClCH CH(OH)-CH OH] The preferred amines of this class are the amines wherein R is hydrogen and R is n-dodecyl, tert.-dodecyl, and tert.-C C alkyl, or wherein both R and R are butyl radicals.

The second class of amines, designated as class (B), has the following structural formula wherein R is an alkyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl, or aralkyl hydrocarbon radical of from 6 to 25 carbon atoms such as octyl, isooctyl, decyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, octadecyl, the mixed C to C alkyl fractions from cocoa amines, cyclohexyl, cyclodecyl, cyclooctadecyl, phenyl, or octylbenzyl, hexylbenzyl, decylbenzyl and octadecylbenzyl. R is either a hydroxy ethyl radical or hydroxy propyl radical. This class of alkanol amines is easily prepared by the reaction of one mole of the appropriate amine, R"NH with 2 moles of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, Another route for the preparation of this class of amines, wherein R' is hydroxy ethyl, is the reaction of the alkyl or aralkyl chloride, RCl, with diethanol amine [HN(CH CH OH) The preferred amines of this class are of the formula wherein R is n-dodecyl, octadecyl, cyclohexyl, octadecylbenzyl or derived from a naturally occurring fatty oil having 8 to 18 carbon atoms such as coconut oil.

In the improved distillate fuels of this invention the amount of the alkanol amine salt of the alkyl ester phosphate added to the gasoline is not critical as long as the amount is sufficient to improve the anti-stalling characteristics of the gasoline. The preferred amount of the salt added to the gasoline is from about 0.0003% to about 0.02% by weight based on the weight of the distillate fuel.

Naturally, the gasoline compositions of this invention may contain all the additives incorporated in modern gasoline in addition to the subject alkanol amine phosphate salts. Such additives as anti-knock agents, anti-oxidant, dyes, and metal deactivators do not affect the performance of the salts of this invention and are compatible in gasolines with the subject anti-stalling additive.

When the salt is to be used as an anti-stalling additive in gasoline, it is preferred to dissolve the salt in a solvent such as methanol, kerosene, or xylene in sufiicient concentration to make a 50 to 80% by weight solution of the salt. Such a concentrate provides a convenient means for handling the salt and facilitates the blending of the salt composition into the base gasoline.

For a clearer understanding of the present invention, the following specific examples are given. These examples are intended to be illustrative of the present invention and not in limitation thereof in any respect. All parts are by weight unless otherwise specified.

EXAMPLE I Preparation of alkanol amine phosphate salts (A) Preparation of the alkyl acid phosphate-Phosphorous pentoxide (P 0 in the amount of 142 grams (1 mole), was gradually stirred into 600 grams (3 moles) of Oxo-tridecyl alcohol. During the addition of the P 0 the temperature was allowed to rise to about C. The reaction mass was thereafter maintained at about 65 C. by external cooling. After the P 0 had been added, the reaction mass was stirred at a temperature of about 65 C. for 12 hours.

(B) Neutralization of acid phosphate with the amine component.N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl) tert.-dodecylamine, i.e., tert.-dodecyl NH-CH CHOHCH OH, in an amount of 518 grams (2 moles) was added dropwise to the reaction mixture prepared by procedure A while the temperature was maintained between 60 and C. The mixture was stirred for a few hours at 60-70" C., completing the mixing and neutralizing reactions, thereby forming the N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl) tert.-dodecylamine salt of an approximately equimolar mixture of di-oxo-tridecyl hydrogen phosphate and mono-oxo-tridecyl dihydrogen phosphate.

The reaction mass was diluted with kerosene to provide an 80% by weight solution of said neutralized product. Alternatively, a lower alcohol such as methanol may be employed as diluent to provide a highly fluid additive for distillate fuels.

In another procedure to form the subject amine salts, the amine may be added in the neutralization step as a kerosene or methanol solution, whereby the above salt product is obtained directly as a freely mobile solution, e.g., 80% by weight in the diluent.

Since the method used to prepare the alkyl acid phosphatesof this invention results in-a mixture of the monoand dihydrogen phosphates, it is most preferred commercially to use this mixture in the preparation of the amine salts. The resulting alkanol amine salt mixture can then be used directly as a gasoline additive.

However, if specific alkanol amine salts of this invention are desired instead of the mixture, they are prepared by first separating the monohydrogen phosphate from the dihydrogenphosphate, and thereafter reacting the isolated acid phosphate with a specific alkanol amine. The separation of the monohydrogen phosphate from the dihydrogen phosphate is accomplishedby conventional techniques. For example, the di-oxo-tridecyl hydrogen phosphate is separated and recovered from the mono-x0- tridecyl hydrogen phosphate of this example by techniques used-and described in US. Patents 2,818,421 and 2,854,- 468. The separated di-oxo-tridecyl hydrogen phosphate is thenreacted with N-(ZJ-dihydrorrypropyl) t'ert.-dodecylamine to form the corresponding amine salt free from significant amounts of the amine salt Of the dihydrogen phosphate. The amine salt of the 'dihydrogen phosphate is similarly prepared by reacting the mono-oxo-tridecyl dihydrogen phosphate with N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl) tertdode'c'ylarnine.

Repeating the above procedures A and B with other dihydroxyl alkyl substituted amines and other alkyl acid phosphates as tabulated below in Table I, the corresponding salt additives of this invention were prepared.

testing in an internal combustion engine. The tests were made to determine the effect of the additives of the present invention in improving the characteristics of gasolines in repect to their abilities to prevent carburetor icing and carburetor contaminant deposits. The samples were prepared by addingto the gasoline small amounts of the subject alkanol amine phosphate salts, as more fully described in Tables II, III, and IV below,

The gasoline used in the tests was commercially available and had the following inspection data:

Anti-icing test The anti-stalling properties of the alkanol amine phosphate salts of the present invention were demonstrated in a 6-cylinder Chevrolet engine having a horsepower rating of 86 at 3400 rpm. and a displacement of 216 .5 cu. in. Two types of carburetors were employed in the tests, (a) a throttle plategcarburetor and (b) an emulsion tube type. The test conditions were as follows:

Carburetor Type Throttle Emulsion plate tube Intake air, F..-. 3840 34-36 Relative humidity ,perce 98-100 98-100 Engine load, horsepower. 10 15 Engine s eed, rpm... 1 1, 500 2 1, 500 Idle spee r.p.m 350 Fuel temp. to carburetor, F -55 50-55 1 At high speed. 2 Initially.

TABLE I.-DIHYDROXYALKYL AMIN E SALT COMPONENTS Alkanol Amine (A) RRN-CH2'CH(OH)CH2OH R R 5 Acid Phosphates l H Tert.-d0decyl...-. Trideeyi. I H... 2,44limethylphenyl Do. H n-Do ecyl Do. Cyelohexyl Cyclohex Do. H pDOdecylphenyL. Do. Ethyl Cyclohexyl Do. H... Tart-Cn-Czt alkyl mixed traction... Do. Ethy Phenyl D0. n-ButyL. n-ButyL. D0.

Tert.dodecyl. Isooetyl. 1 H -.do Hexadecyl.

(B) RIIN(RIII)2 R II R III n-Dodecyl CH2OH2OH Tridecyl Phenyl CHzCHzOH Do. n-Octadecyl CH2CH2OH D0. Alkyl from tallow... CH2CH2OH Do. n-Octadecylbenzyl... CHzCHzOI-I Do. Cyclohexyl CH2CH2OH Do. n-Dodecyl benzyl CHzCHzOH Do. n-Dodecyl CHzCHzOH Isodeeyl lkyl from cocoa CHzCHzOH Isooctyl.

D CHzCHzOH Ciz-Cm alkyl mixedt'raction. Do... CH2CH2OH Di-(2-ethylhexyl) D0... DHzCHzOH Hexadecyl. D CH2CHzOH Tridecyl.

- CH2CH(CH3)OH Do. CH2CH(CH5)OH Do. H2CH(CH3)OH Do. CH2CH(CH3)OH Do.

1 Unless otherwise stated, a mixture 01 the monoand diest-er.

I Tridecyi and isooetyl in this table refer to those groups present in oxo trideeyl and 0x0- Gasoline samples containing the alkanol amine phos- (a) Throttle plate carburetor.--The operating time of the engine was varied at the conditions described above,

phate salts of the present invention were prepared for using the time required for stalling as a measure of the 7 8 fuels tendency to cause or prevent stalling due to cara measure of the effectiveness of the anti-icing agent. A buretor icing. All runs were started after soaking the reduction of not more than 50 r.p.m. on operating for throttle plate with methanol for 0.5 minute at a tempera- 20 minutes is considered excellent anti-icing performance. ture of 40 F. The operating time selected for the en- For the purposes of demonstrating the effectiveness of gine depended on the ice-forming tendencies of the fuel. the subject additives, tests were made on gasolines both Operating times at the 1500 r.p.m. engine speed were with and without the additive. Tests with the base fuel usually in the 0.5-1.5 minute range foruninhibited base without an additive resulted in a stall time of 0.25 minute fuels. At the end of the 1500 r.p.m. portion of the operatusing the throttle plate carburetor, and a reduction in ing cycle, the throttle was cut back to idle position. If engine r.p.m. after 20 minutes to 900 r.p.m. using the no stall occurred within 30 seconds at idle, the run was 10 emulsion tube carburetor. The results of tests where the repeated for a longer period at 1500 r.p.m. until a time gasoline contained effective anti-stalling amounts of the was found when the engine stalled within 30 seconds alkanol amine salts of the present invention are listed after converting back to idle. The anti-stall rating or stall below in Table II.

TABLE II.ANTI-ICING TESTS Throttle Emulsion at tube Additive (80% solution by weight in kerosene) e carburetor carburetor (A) RR'N-CHg-CH(OH)CH1OH Wt. percent additive Stall time Engine speed R R Acid phosphate 1 in fuel in minutes final r.p.m.

0.002 0.004 H Tert.-dodeeyl Trideeyl H, 2,4-dimethylphenyl do 01006 H yl .d0.. 0.006 Cyclohexyl yl .00.. 0. 006 H p-Dodecylphenyl ..do 8. 8(1): Ethyl Cyelohexyl d0 0006 H Tert.-C Cz4 alkyl mixed fraction do 3.822 ofoos 0.003 0.004 0.004 0.002 0.004 HexadecyL.... 8.804 16 0.001 n-Dodeeyl CHZCHZOH Trldeeyl g.

01004 Phenyl CHZCHQOH 0.006 n-Octadeey] CHzCHzOH 8.8% A1kyliromtal1ow omomoH 0100s n-Octadecylhexyl CHzCHaOH 1 375 Cyclohoxyl CHsCHaOH 3:83: 01004 11300 n-Dodecylbenzyl CHaCHzOH 3.81% igg n-Dodeeyl 01120112011 01000 11500 Alkyltrom cocoa CHzCHzOH 8.8002 i378 5 D0 CHQCHQOH CIT-C16 elkyl mixed fraction... 8.8%); 1,258

. 1,45 Do CHQCHZOH di-(2-ethy1hexy1)-.- 3.88: 1,29% Doomen-20H Hexadecyl 01002 1} 400 Do. CHzCHzOH Tridecyl (3.3% 1,500 Cyclohexyl omomonaon do 1 01002 n-Decyl CHzCH(CH )OH .....d0 3.8%: 0008 1 Unless otherwise stated, a mixture oi the mono and diester.

time of a gasoline was defined as the longest 1500 r.p.m. In addition to possessing the unique property of prerun (to the nearest 0.25 minute) followed by a complete venting stalling in engines having an emulsion tube carsecond idle period without stalling. A stall time of 5 buretor, the novel alkanol amine salts of the present in- 3 or more minutes was considered excellent performance. vention are also very effective in use with the convention- (b) Emulsion tube carburetor.A Solex, Model No. al throttle plate carburetor. It has been known that com- 32 PBICA, single barrel down draft carburetor adapted to pounds which are etfective in one type of carburetor are 12" extension of 1 /2" pipe on intake manifold was subnot necessarily efiective in another. For instance, unsubstituted for the throttle plate carburetor described above stituted amine salts of acid phosphates are known antiand the engine was operated under the conditions listed icing agents for use in a throttle plate carburetor. Howabove. Under these conditions, using the emulsion type ever, they range from only slightly effective to inelfective carburetor, the engine does not stall completely. The in the emulsion tube carburetor. engine is operated for 20 minutes at an initial speed of Comparison tests under the same operating conditions 1500 r.p.m., and the reduction in engine speed is taken as as described above were made to illustrate the effect of various unsubstituted amine phosphate salts on engine stalling. The results are set forth in Table III below} TABLE IIL-ANTI-ICING 'rns'rs portion of the exhaust gases of a second single cylinder engine running at a constant 2500 r.p.m. was introduced Emulsion carbui t z t Additive (80% solution by weight in solvent) Wt. gag-feral; iEsrxrl geierae Amine Phosphate 1 in fuel a1 r.p.m.

z-ethyi hexyl 'Iridecyl 8: 8% 883 Do Isooctyl 8: $5 N-tallow-1,3-diamino propane ..d 3: 88% 1, 28 Crrrrtel'L-a y -..-do 3 8% g3 Ca-xs-alkyl irorii coconut oil Do Di-2ethyl hexyl 8 3% ggg l Mixture of monoand dlesters unless indicated otherwise.

It can be seen from the above Table III that there is a considerable loss in r.p.m. when unsubstituted amine phosphate salts are used in contrast to the alkanol amine phosphate salts of Table II. This eflfect is in most cases intensified with greater amount of additive used. .1

In addition, the alkanol amine salts of the present invention have shown superiority over the unsubstituted amine salts in tests with the conventional throttle plate searburetor. For example, using a commercial gasoline having a mid-boiling point of 231 F. as the base fuel, a stall-time of 3 minutesin the throttle plate carburetor was reaehed into the test carburetor. The test engine was cycled one minute at open throttle under dyna rnometer load and then for two minutes at idle of 1100:100 .r.p.m. for a period oi two hours. At the conclusion of the test 'the leafiets were removed and rated on the scale from l to 10 where 10 represented bright and shiny and 0 represented very heavy black deposits. The base fuel used was? the same as that used for the anti-icing tests described" above.

Comparative inspection of the leaflets from the carburetor after the engine was operated on the base gasoline with those leaflets from the carburetor after; the engine was operated on gasoline containing an additive of the present invention demonstrates the elfective cleaning power' of the subject additives. Results of these comparative tests are shown in Table IV below. i

TABLE Iv.oARBUREToR DETERGENCY Wt. percent Carburetor additive detergency in fuel rating Base gasoline 5. 6

Additive (80% Soln. by Wt. in Kerosene) (A) RRN -CHz-CH(OH)CH2OH A d c1 R R phosphate 1 H 'Iert.-dodecyl Tridecyl 0.004 9.5 H-.. Tart-Cp-Cu alkyl mixed fraction do. H nDodecyl .do 0. 004 9. 1 H p-Dodecylphenyl .do 8:38; 3:?

H Octadecyl Butyl Butyl do. 3-3

(B5 RN(R)z RI! .-.RIII

Oetadecyl benzyl CH2CH2OH d0... 0. 004 9.0 n-Dodecyl 01120112011 do g- 333 OctadecyL. CH2OH2OH do.. 0.004 9.2 Alkyl derived from tall0w-. CHzCHzOH do 0. 004 9. 8 Cyclohexyl ornomcnnon 8&3 g"; n-Dodecyl CH2CH(CH;)OH do 0.012 9. 6

Mixture of monoand diesters of tridecyl acid phosphate.

Carburetor detergency test The carburetor detergency properties of the alkanol amine phosphate salts of the present invention may be demonstrated using a Lausen'test engine equipped with a Tillotsen carburetor modified by inserting removable leaflets around the throttle plate. Throughout the test, a

It can be seen from the foregoing table that high carburetor detergency ratings were obtained with very small amounts of the alkanol amine phosphate salt additive present in the gasoline.

It is to be understood that the preceding examples are representative and that said examples may be varied within the scope of the total specification, as UfidCIStOOd by one skilled in the art, to produce essentially the same results.

As many apparently widely different embodiments of this invention may be made without departing from the spirit and scope thereof it is to be understood that this invention is not limited to the specific embodiments thereof except as defined in the appended claims.

( RRNCHzCH-CHz and wherein R and R are individually selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl, and alkyl phenyl, with the proviso that R and R' have a total of from 8 to 24 carbon atoms, and wherein R" is a hydrocarbon radical of from 6 to 25 carbon atoms selected from the group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl, and aralkyl and R' is selected from the group consisting of a hydroxy ethyl radical and a hydroxy propyl radical, said salt being present in an amount sufficient to impart antistalling properties to said improved distillate fuel.

2. The improved distillate fuel of claim 1 in which the salt is a salt of a tridecyl acid orthophosphate and N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl) tert.-dodecylamine.

3. The improved distillate fuel of claim 1 in which the salt is a salt of a tridecyl acid orthophosphate and his (2-hydroxyethyl) n-dodecyl amine.

4. The improved distillate fuel of claim 1 in which the salt is a salt of an octyl acid orthophosphate and bis- (Z-hydroxyethyl) cocoa amine.

5. The improved distillate fuel of claim 1 in which the saltis a salt of an octyl acid orthophosphate and bis- (Z-hydroxyethyl) cocoa amine.

t 12 6. An anti-stalling additive for distillate fuels comprising a salt of a primary alkyl acid orthophosphate wherein each esterifying alkyl group contains from 8 to 16 carbon atoms and an alkanol amine selected from the group consisting of (A) RR'NCHzCH-OHz and wherein R and R are individually selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl, and alkyl phenyl, with the proviso that R and R have a total of from 8 to 24 carbon atoms, and wherein R is a hydrocarbon radical of from 6 to 25 carbon atoms selected from the group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl, and aralkyl and R'" is selected from the group consisting of a hydroxy ethyl radical and a hydroxy propyl radical and a solvent selected from the group consisting of methanol, xylene and kerosene, said alkanol amine phosphate salt being in sufiicient quantities to make a to by weight solution of the salt.

References Cited 7 UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,988,434 6/1961 Gottshall et al 4472 3,325,565 6/1967 Popkin 260924 3,012,056 12/ 1961 Cyba 26046l 3,115,400 12/1963 Marsh et al 4472 PATRICK P. GARVIN, Primary Examiner Y. H. SMITH, Assistant Examiner US. 01. XR. 4415, 76

5323 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. 505, l Dated April 7, 1970 Inventor(s) Philip Lee Bartlett and Charles Bedford Biswell It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:

Column 11, line 35, "an octyl" should read a. tridecyl SHINE?) NR.) 5- 1.?"

AUG 251970 (SEAL) A WHIIIAH E- W, m- Edward M. Fletcher. Ir- Gonmissionm' of Patents Attesting O