[go: up one dir, main page]
More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/

US3576578A - Dipole antenna in which one radiating element is formed by outer conductors of two distinct transmission lines having different characteristic impedances - Google Patents

Dipole antenna in which one radiating element is formed by outer conductors of two distinct transmission lines having different characteristic impedances Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3576578A
US3576578A US687051A US3576578DA US3576578A US 3576578 A US3576578 A US 3576578A US 687051 A US687051 A US 687051A US 3576578D A US3576578D A US 3576578DA US 3576578 A US3576578 A US 3576578A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
line
antenna
dipole
coaxial
impedance
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US687051A
Inventor
Ernest T Harper
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GTE Sylvania Inc
Original Assignee
Sylvania Electric Products Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sylvania Electric Products Inc filed Critical Sylvania Electric Products Inc
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3576578A publication Critical patent/US3576578A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/18Vertical disposition of the antenna

Definitions

  • Lawler ABSTRACT One half of a dipole antenna is formed by the extension of a center conductor of a coaxial transmission line beyond the point of termination of the outer conductor at the feed point of the dipole.
  • the other half of the dipole is formed by the outer conductor between a broadband cable choke and the feed point.
  • the part of the antenna between the choke and feed point comprises two coaxial lines, one having a characteristic impedance equal to that of the antenna feed line and the other having a characteristic impedance greater than that of the feed line.
  • the dipole is inherently a narrowband antenna which characteristically exhibits desirable impedance and gain properties over a relative bandwidth of only a few percent. If an antenna operates over a frequency band from the frequency f to the frequency f and is resonant at the frequency j ⁇ , the percentage bandwidth of the antenna is the percentage that the frequency difference f -f is of the frequency f This narrowband characteristic is retained in a coaxial-linetype dipole antenna in which the center conductor forms onehalf of the dipole.
  • One such coaxial dipole antenna includes a quarter-wavelength coaxial sleeve connected to the dipole feed point. This choke joint is inherently a narrowband component and so limits the bandwidth of the dipole.
  • the narrowband characteristic of such an antenna is exemplified by the rapidly increasing voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) as the frequency is tuned away from the dipole resonance.
  • VSWR voltage standing wave ratio
  • a general object of this invention is the provision of a dipole antenna which exhibits high gain and a nominally constant VSWR as seen from the input of the antenna over a broad band of frequencies.
  • an end-fed coaxial-line dipole antenna comprises an inner conductor as one dipole element and the outer conductors of two coaxial lines having different characteristic impedances as the other dipole element.
  • a coaxial feed line is connected to the coaxial-line end of the dipole through a broadband coaxial cable choke and is one of the coaxial lines comprising the other dipole element.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an end-fed coaxial-line-type dipole antenna of prior art construction
  • FIG. 2 is an end-fed coaxial dipole antenna embodying this invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view, partially cut away, of a modified form of this invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a Smith chart illustrating the operation of this invention.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 are curves showing VSWR characteristics of antennas constructed in accordance with this invention.
  • a coaxial dipole antenna typical of prior art construction is shown at 10 in FIG. 1 and comprises a coaxial feed line 11, having an outer conductor 12 and an inner conductor 13, which feeds dipole elements 14 and 13a.
  • Element 13a is an extension of inner conductor 13 from the feed point F at the end of outer conductor 12.
  • Element 14 is a coaxial conductive sleeve that is electrically connected to outer conductor 12 at feed point F and extends back over the feed line for a distance of a quarter wavelength at the center frequency of the antenna.
  • Coaxial dipoles of the type shown in FIG. 1 characteristically have a bandwidth of approximately 10 percent.
  • FIG. 2 An embodiment of this invention is shown at 20 in FIG. 2 and comprises a coaxial feed line 21,- having an outer conductor 22 and an inner conductor 23, connected to dipole elements 24 and 25 by a ferrite cable choke 26.
  • Choke 26 does not per se constitute part of this invention and is described more particularly in an article entitled Charting The Bandwidth Of Isolating r-f Chokes," pages 1 l2 and 1 l3, Electronics, June 13, 1966 (McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.).
  • this cable choke consists of several turns 27 of the coaxial transmission line 21 wound on a solenoidal core 28 of ferrite material. This choke is designed with an inductance that resonates with the self-capacitance between the turns 27 at or near the resonant frequency of the dipole antenna.
  • the cable choke continues to provide a very large impedance at frequencies away from the center frequency by virtue of the fact that the inductance to capacitance ratio of the choke is very large.
  • the ferrite material from which core 28 is made is judiciously selected to minimize magnetic losses in the material over the operating frequency band of the antenna.
  • cable chokes are designed to provide large impedances over as high as octave bandwidths or greater.
  • Dipole element 24 is comprised of parts or sections 24a and 24b of coaxial line that are coupled by connector 29.
  • Part 24a is the end portion of coaxial line 21 that extends above the choke 26 and has a length l,,.
  • Connector 29 may be oneof the conventional mating connectors for connecting two coaxial cables.
  • Dipole element 25 is an extension of the center conductor of coaxial line 24b.
  • An important feature of this invention is the dual impedance characteristic of the coaxial lines forming dipole element 24. More specifically, the characteristic impedance of a section 24a of element 24 adjacent to the choke 26 is equal to the characteristic impedance of feed line 21. The characteristic impedance of section 24b constituting the remainder of dipole element 24 is substantially higher than that of section 240.
  • the impedance of feed line 21 and of section 24a typically is 50 ohms, and the impedance of section 24b is to ohms.
  • a general rule that may be followed in calculating the characteristic impedance (Z,,) of section 24b is: (I) Z, is approximately twice that of the feed line 21 for bandwidths in the order of 1.25:1; (2) Z, is approximately 2% times that of the feed line 21 for bandwidths in the order of 1.5:1 to 1.75:1; and (3) Z, is approximately 3 times that of feed line 21 for bandwidths in the order of 2: lwhere the bandwidth ratio is f /f zfi lf for an antenna operating between the frequencies f and f,,,,,,,,.
  • Dipole elements 20 and 24 are each physically a quarterwavelength long as is required for the operation of a dipole antenna. Since line 24b is a length of coaxial transmission line as well as a quarter-wavelength impedance transformer, the dielectric constant of the insulation thereof causes its physical and electrical lengths to be different.
  • Line section 24b is electrically a quarter-wavelength long at the resonant frequency of the dipole.
  • the physical length 1 of line section 24b is therefore representable as where h ) ⁇ /2,) ⁇ is the wavelength at the resonant frequency of the antenna, h/2 is the physical length of the lower half of the antenna from the cable choke to feed point F and v, is the phase velocity of signals in line 24b in percent of the speed of light.
  • the phase velocity v, is representable as where c is the speed of light, and and e are the permeability and permittivity relative to free space, respectively, of the dielectric filling line 24b. Since V is a ratio of two velocities, it is dimensionless.
  • FIG. 3 A modified form of this invention is illustrated in FIG. 3 wherein coaxial dipole antenna 20 is supported in a tube 31 made of low-loss dielectric material such as fiberglas. Since antennas 20 and 20' are similar, like elements are designated by primed reference characters in FIG. 3. Antenna 20, however, includes a torroidal ferrite cable choke 26 comprising several turns 27' of coaxial line 21' wound on a torroidal core 28' of ferrite material. Discs 3235 inclusive, fit snugly over the associated dipole elements for supporting the latter in the center of tube 31. Similarly, disc 36 fits snugly over torroidal cable choke 26' for the same reason. The ends of the tube are sealed by discs 32 and 37. The discs are also made of a dielectric material having low-loss properties and may be bonded or otherwise secured to the tube 31 to provide a rigid structured assembly. Connector 38 provides for electrical connection between feed line 21 and equipment such as a transmitter or receiver (not shown).
  • Connector 38 provides for electrical connection between feed line 21
  • dipole antennas embodying this invention which have been constructed and successfully operated have the following dimensions and characteristics:
  • dipole element 24 results in a substantially constant VSWR over the operating frequency band of the antenna. This occurs because section 24b is a quarter-wave transformer and because cable choke 26 is effective over a broad band of frequencies to prevent currents from flowing on the outer conductor 22 of the feed line. This operation is illustrated graphically on the Smith chart shown in FIG. 4 for the dipole A referenced above.
  • VSWR of the antenna is to be maintained nominally constant and equal to 3:1 over the frequency band from 48 MHz. to 62 MHz.
  • the center 41 of the Smith chart represents a perfect match between the antenna impedance of feed line 21 to which the antenna impedance is normalized.
  • Circle 42 is a plot of normalized antenna impedance for a constant VSWR of 3: 1.
  • Curve 43 is a plot of the antenna impedance, normalized to the characteristic impedance (50 ohms) of feed line 21, over the frequency band. Curve 43 illustrates the operation of antenna 20 if the dipole is fed directly by coaxial line 21, i.e., if section 24b were an extension of feed line 21.
  • Curve 45 in FIG. 4 shows the antenna impedance, again measured at feed point f but referenced to the characteristic impedance (95 ohms) of section 24b through which the antenna is actually fed.
  • Curve 46 illustrates the antenna impedance shown in curve 45 after it has been transformed through the quarter-wavelength high-impedance section 24b of the antenna to connector 29. Curve 46 is obtained by rotating curve 45 in the clockwise direction. The amount that each point on curve 45 is rotated corresponds to the electrical length of section 24b at the frequency associated with that point. Only the point 47 (corresponding to the resonant frequency of the dipole) on curve 45 is rotated exactly a quarter-wavelength at the center of the band.
  • curve 46 illustrates the antenna impedance at the connector 29 normalized to the characteristic impedance of feed line 21. This same information is shown as curve 48 in FIG. 5. Reference to curve 48 reveals that the VSWR remains at the nominally constant valve of 3:1 over the operating frequency band. Comparison of curves 43 and 48 (FIG.
  • Curves 49 and 50 illustrate the operation of dipole B and are similar to curves 43 and 48', respectively.
  • first and second coaxial transmission lines electrically connected together, each of said lines having an inner conductor and an outer conductor, the outer conductor of said first line and at least part of the outer conductor of said second line constituting one of said dipole elements,
  • the other of said dipole elements comprising an extension of the inner conductor of said first line
  • feed line means for energizing said dipole elements, and a broadband choke operatively coupling said feed line means with said second line,
  • the characteristic impedance of the first line being greater than that of the second line and the characteristic impedance of the second line being equal to that of the feed line means.
  • said choke comprising a magnetically permeable core with a predetermined length of said coaxial cable wound therearound and having an inductance resonant with the self-capacitance between cable windings at the center operating frequency of the antenna, having a large inductance-to-capacitance ratio, and providing a large impedance at the center frequency and frequencies spaced therefrom.
  • said first line has an electrical length substantially equal to a quarter wavelength at the resonant frequency of said antenna, said first line having a physical length satisfying the relationship where v, is the phase velocity of signals in said first line and his the wavelength at the resonant frequency of said dipole.

Landscapes

  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

One half of a dipole antenna is formed by the extension of a center conductor of a coaxial transmission line beyond the point of termination of the outer conductor at the feed point of the dipole. The other half of the dipole is formed by the outer conductor between a broadband cable choke and the feed point. The part of the antenna between the choke and feed point comprises two coaxial lines, one having a characteristic impedance equal to that of the antenna feed line and the other having a characteristic impedance greater than that of the feed line.

Description

United States Patent Inventor Ernest T. Harper Mountain View, Calif. 687,051
Nov. 30, 1967 Apr. 27, 1971 Appl. No. Filed Patented Assignee Sylvania Electric Products Inc.
OF TWO DISTINCT TRANSMISSION LINES HAVING DIFFERENT CHARACTERISTIC 2,205,874 6/1940 Buschbeck ass/35x 2,241,616 5/1941 Roosenstein 333/35 Re22,374 9/1943 Carter 333/35X 2,406,945 9/1946 Fell 343/863 2,514,344 7/1950 Slaymaker et al. 333/35(UX) FOREIGN PATENTS 1,203,497 1/1960 France 343/791 842,665 6/1952 Germany..... 343/790 866,680 2/1953 Germany 343/791 OTHER REFERENCES Andrew Corp. Bulletin 950, both sides,
Primary Examiner-Herman Karl Saalbach Assistant Examiner-T. Vezeau AttorneysNorman J. OMalley, Elmer J. Nealon and John F.
Lawler ABSTRACT: One half of a dipole antenna is formed by the extension of a center conductor of a coaxial transmission line beyond the point of termination of the outer conductor at the feed point of the dipole. The other half of the dipole is formed by the outer conductor between a broadband cable choke and the feed point. The part of the antenna between the choke and feed point comprises two coaxial lines, one having a characteristic impedance equal to that of the antenna feed line and the other having a characteristic impedance greater than that of the feed line.
PATENTED M27197! SHEET 2 OF 3 R H R R mA H N E. VT N T S E N R E ATTOR NEY,
V S W R PATENTED mm m 31576578 I saw 3 r m I \-43 l w e.
48 O 52 54 5s 58 so 62 FR ouE-cY- MHz l5 r I I FEB so so I00 INVENTOR ERNEST I HARPER m ATTORNEY AGENT FREQUENCY MHZ DIPOLE ANTENNA IN WHICH ONE RADIATING ELEMENT IS FORMED BY OUTER CONDUCTORS OF TWO DISTINCT TRANSMISSION LINES HAVING DIFFERENT CHARACTERISTIC IMPEDANCES BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to dipole antennas and more particularly to a broadband end-fed coaxial-line-type dipole antenna.
The dipole is inherently a narrowband antenna which characteristically exhibits desirable impedance and gain properties over a relative bandwidth of only a few percent. If an antenna operates over a frequency band from the frequency f to the frequency f and is resonant at the frequency j}, the percentage bandwidth of the antenna is the percentage that the frequency difference f -f is of the frequency f This narrowband characteristic is retained in a coaxial-linetype dipole antenna in which the center conductor forms onehalf of the dipole. One such coaxial dipole antenna, by way of example, includes a quarter-wavelength coaxial sleeve connected to the dipole feed point. This choke joint is inherently a narrowband component and so limits the bandwidth of the dipole. The narrowband characteristic of such an antenna is exemplified by the rapidly increasing voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) as the frequency is tuned away from the dipole resonance.
A general object of this invention is the provision of a dipole antenna which exhibits high gain and a nominally constant VSWR as seen from the input of the antenna over a broad band of frequencies.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In accordance with this invention, an end-fed coaxial-line dipole antenna comprises an inner conductor as one dipole element and the outer conductors of two coaxial lines having different characteristic impedances as the other dipole element. A coaxial feed line is connected to the coaxial-line end of the dipole through a broadband coaxial cable choke and is one of the coaxial lines comprising the other dipole element.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an end-fed coaxial-line-type dipole antenna of prior art construction;
FIG. 2 is an end-fed coaxial dipole antenna embodying this invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view, partially cut away, of a modified form of this invention;
FIG. 4 is a Smith chart illustrating the operation of this invention; and
FIGS. 5 and 6 are curves showing VSWR characteristics of antennas constructed in accordance with this invention.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A coaxial dipole antenna typical of prior art construction is shown at 10 in FIG. 1 and comprises a coaxial feed line 11, having an outer conductor 12 and an inner conductor 13, which feeds dipole elements 14 and 13a. Element 13a is an extension of inner conductor 13 from the feed point F at the end of outer conductor 12. Element 14 is a coaxial conductive sleeve that is electrically connected to outer conductor 12 at feed point F and extends back over the feed line for a distance of a quarter wavelength at the center frequency of the antenna. The end 19 of sleeve 14 remote from feed point F is open and thus acts as a choke to block the flow of current from the sleeve to the outer conductor remote fromthe feed point and limit radiation to the dipole elements. Coaxial dipoles of the type shown in FIG. 1 characteristically have a bandwidth of approximately 10 percent.
An embodiment of this invention is shown at 20 in FIG. 2 and comprises a coaxial feed line 21,- having an outer conductor 22 and an inner conductor 23, connected to dipole elements 24 and 25 by a ferrite cable choke 26. Choke 26 does not per se constitute part of this invention and is described more particularly in an article entitled Charting The Bandwidth Of Isolating r-f Chokes," pages 1 l2 and 1 l3, Electronics, June 13, 1966 (McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.). Briefly, this cable choke consists of several turns 27 of the coaxial transmission line 21 wound on a solenoidal core 28 of ferrite material. This choke is designed with an inductance that resonates with the self-capacitance between the turns 27 at or near the resonant frequency of the dipole antenna. Therefore, a resonant impedance is produced at the center frequency of operation of the antenna. However, the cable choke continues to provide a very large impedance at frequencies away from the center frequency by virtue of the fact that the inductance to capacitance ratio of the choke is very large. The ferrite material from which core 28 is made is judiciously selected to minimize magnetic losses in the material over the operating frequency band of the antenna. Within these limitations, cable chokes are designed to provide large impedances over as high as octave bandwidths or greater.
Dipole element 24 is comprised of parts or sections 24a and 24b of coaxial line that are coupled by connector 29. Part 24a is the end portion of coaxial line 21 that extends above the choke 26 and has a length l,,. Connector 29 may be oneof the conventional mating connectors for connecting two coaxial cables. Dipole element 25 is an extension of the center conductor of coaxial line 24b.
An important feature of this invention is the dual impedance characteristic of the coaxial lines forming dipole element 24. More specifically, the characteristic impedance of a section 24a of element 24 adjacent to the choke 26 is equal to the characteristic impedance of feed line 21. The characteristic impedance of section 24b constituting the remainder of dipole element 24 is substantially higher than that of section 240. By way of example, the impedance of feed line 21 and of section 24a typically is 50 ohms, and the impedance of section 24b is to ohms. A general rule that may be followed in calculating the characteristic impedance (Z,,) of section 24b is: (I) Z, is approximately twice that of the feed line 21 for bandwidths in the order of 1.25:1; (2) Z, is approximately 2% times that of the feed line 21 for bandwidths in the order of 1.5:1 to 1.75:1; and (3) Z, is approximately 3 times that of feed line 21 for bandwidths in the order of 2: lwhere the bandwidth ratio is f /f zfi lf for an antenna operating between the frequencies f and f,,,,,,,.
Dipole elements 20 and 24 are each physically a quarterwavelength long as is required for the operation of a dipole antenna. Since line 24b is a length of coaxial transmission line as well as a quarter-wavelength impedance transformer, the dielectric constant of the insulation thereof causes its physical and electrical lengths to be different.
Line section 24b is electrically a quarter-wavelength long at the resonant frequency of the dipole. The physical length 1 of line section 24b is therefore representable as where h )\/2,)\ is the wavelength at the resonant frequency of the antenna, h/2 is the physical length of the lower half of the antenna from the cable choke to feed point F and v, is the phase velocity of signals in line 24b in percent of the speed of light. The phase velocity v,, is representable as where c is the speed of light, and and e are the permeability and permittivity relative to free space, respectively, of the dielectric filling line 24b. Since V is a ratio of two velocities, it is dimensionless.
A modified form of this invention is illustrated in FIG. 3 wherein coaxial dipole antenna 20 is supported in a tube 31 made of low-loss dielectric material such as fiberglas. Since antennas 20 and 20' are similar, like elements are designated by primed reference characters in FIG. 3. Antenna 20, however, includes a torroidal ferrite cable choke 26 comprising several turns 27' of coaxial line 21' wound on a torroidal core 28' of ferrite material. Discs 3235 inclusive, fit snugly over the associated dipole elements for supporting the latter in the center of tube 31. Similarly, disc 36 fits snugly over torroidal cable choke 26' for the same reason. The ends of the tube are sealed by discs 32 and 37. The discs are also made of a dielectric material having low-loss properties and may be bonded or otherwise secured to the tube 31 to provide a rigid structured assembly. Connector 38 provides for electrical connection between feed line 21 and equipment such as a transmitter or receiver (not shown).
By way of example, dipole antennas embodying this invention which have been constructed and successfully operated have the following dimensions and characteristics:
Dipole:
Length:
h, inches.... 106 84 11, inches 53 42 12, inches.. 36 32 13, inches 17 10 Characteristic impedances:
Cable 21 (and part 24a), ohms O 50 Part 24b, ohms 95 125 Choke (Solenoidal) Outside diameter, inch 0.75 1. 25 Inside diameter, inch 0. 5 1.0 Thickness, inch. 0.75 0. 75 Number of turns 12 5 Frequency range, rnHZ 48-62 50-100 VSWR (average) 3.0: 4.011
1 Material=Q,-3 ferrite, manufactured by Indiana General.
The dual impedance feature of dipole element 24 results in a substantially constant VSWR over the operating frequency band of the antenna. This occurs because section 24b is a quarter-wave transformer and because cable choke 26 is effective over a broad band of frequencies to prevent currents from flowing on the outer conductor 22 of the feed line. This operation is illustrated graphically on the Smith chart shown in FIG. 4 for the dipole A referenced above.
Consider an example where the VSWR of the antenna is to be maintained nominally constant and equal to 3:1 over the frequency band from 48 MHz. to 62 MHz. The center 41 of the Smith chart represents a perfect match between the antenna impedance of feed line 21 to which the antenna impedance is normalized. Circle 42 is a plot of normalized antenna impedance for a constant VSWR of 3: 1. Curve 43 is a plot of the antenna impedance, normalized to the characteristic impedance (50 ohms) of feed line 21, over the frequency band. Curve 43 illustrates the operation of antenna 20 if the dipole is fed directly by coaxial line 21, i.e., if section 24b were an extension of feed line 21. Reference to curve 43 reveals that the VSWR of this antenna is substantially greater than 3:1 at the band edges, 48 MHz. and 62 MHz. (The VSWR is proportional to the linear distance between point 41 and a point of interest.) More particularly, the VSWR is approximately :1 at 48 MHz. This same information is illustrated in a slightly different manner by curve 43 in H6. 5.
Curve 45 in FIG. 4 shows the antenna impedance, again measured at feed point f but referenced to the characteristic impedance (95 ohms) of section 24b through which the antenna is actually fed. Curve 46 illustrates the antenna impedance shown in curve 45 after it has been transformed through the quarter-wavelength high-impedance section 24b of the antenna to connector 29. Curve 46 is obtained by rotating curve 45 in the clockwise direction. The amount that each point on curve 45 is rotated corresponds to the electrical length of section 24b at the frequency associated with that point. Only the point 47 (corresponding to the resonant frequency of the dipole) on curve 45 is rotated exactly a quarter-wavelength at the center of the band.
Since the antenna impedance represented by curve 46 is referenced to the characteristic impedance ohms) of line 2412, whereas the dipole is actually fed by a 50 ohm coaxial line 21, the antenna impedance (curve 46) must be referenced to 50 ohms. Curve 48 illustrates the antenna impedance at the connector 29 normalized to the characteristic impedance of feed line 21. This same information is shown as curve 48 in FIG. 5. Reference to curve 48 reveals that the VSWR remains at the nominally constant valve of 3:1 over the operating frequency band. Comparison of curves 43 and 48 (FIG. 5) shows that the resultant VSWR of an antenna employing the dual impedance feature of this invention is lower and more nearly constant over a considerably broader band of frequencies than that of a similar antenna wherein the characteristic impedance of the lower half of the antenna is constant and equal to the impedance of the feed line.
Curves 49 and 50, see FIG. 6, illustrate the operation of dipole B and are similar to curves 43 and 48', respectively.
Changes, modifications and improvements may be made to the above-described preferred embodiment of the invention without departing from the spirit of the invention. The scope of the claims define the advance the invention makes in the art.
1 claim: 1. A broadband end-fed dipole antenna having two dipole elements, comprising:
first and second coaxial transmission lines electrically connected together, each of said lines having an inner conductor and an outer conductor, the outer conductor of said first line and at least part of the outer conductor of said second line constituting one of said dipole elements,
the other of said dipole elements comprising an extension of the inner conductor of said first line,
feed line means for energizing said dipole elements, and a broadband choke operatively coupling said feed line means with said second line,
the characteristic impedance of the first line being greater than that of the second line and the characteristic impedance of the second line being equal to that of the feed line means.
2. The antenna according to claim 1 in which said feed line means and said second line comprise different portions of the same coaxial cable, said choke comprising a magnetically permeable core with a predetermined length of said coaxial cable wound therearound and having an inductance resonant with the self-capacitance between cable windings at the center operating frequency of the antenna, having a large inductance-to-capacitance ratio, and providing a large impedance at the center frequency and frequencies spaced therefrom.
3. The antenna according to claim 5 wherein said first line has an electrical length substantially equal to a quarter wavelength at the resonant frequency of said antenna, said first line having a physical length satisfying the relationship where v, is the phase velocity of signals in said first line and his the wavelength at the resonant frequency of said dipole.

Claims (3)

1. A broadband end-fed dipole antenna having two dipole elements, comprising: first and second coaxial transmission lines electrically connected together, each of said lines having an inner conductor and an outer conductor, the outer conductor of said first line and at least part of the outer conductor of said second line constituting one of said dipole elements, the other of said dipole elements comprising an extension of the inner conductor of said first line, feed line means for energizing said dipole elements, and a broadband choke operatively coupling said feed line means with said second line, the characteristic impedance of the first line being greater than that of the second line and the characteristic impedance of the second line being equal to that of the feed line means.
2. The antenna according to claim 1 in which said feed line means and said second line comprise different portions of the same coaxial cable, said choke comprising a magnetically permeable core with a predetermined length of said coaxial cable wound therearound and having an inductance resonant with the self-capacitance between cable windings at the center operating frequency of the antenna, having a large inductance-to-capacitance ratio, and providing a large impedance at the center frequency and frequencies spaced therefrom.
3. The antenna according to claim 5 wherein said first line has an electrical length substantially equal to a quarter wavelength at the resonant frequency of said antenna, said first line having a physical length satisfying the relationship where vp is the phase velocity of signals in said first line and lambda is the waVelength at the resonant frequency of said dipole.
US687051A 1967-11-30 1967-11-30 Dipole antenna in which one radiating element is formed by outer conductors of two distinct transmission lines having different characteristic impedances Expired - Lifetime US3576578A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US68705167A 1967-11-30 1967-11-30

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3576578A true US3576578A (en) 1971-04-27

Family

ID=24758823

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US687051A Expired - Lifetime US3576578A (en) 1967-11-30 1967-11-30 Dipole antenna in which one radiating element is formed by outer conductors of two distinct transmission lines having different characteristic impedances

Country Status (1)

Country Link
US (1) US3576578A (en)

Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3781893A (en) * 1972-01-31 1973-12-25 J Beukers Antenna for weather balloon
FR2321780A1 (en) * 1975-08-18 1977-03-18 Beam Systems Israel Ltd WIDE BAND FREQUENCY ANTENNA
US4117493A (en) * 1976-12-22 1978-09-26 New-Tronics Corp. Radio antenna
DE3017169A1 (en) * 1979-05-16 1980-11-27 Tadiran Israel Elect Ind Ltd BROADBAND VHF ANTENNA
WO1984002614A1 (en) * 1982-12-22 1984-07-05 Motorola Inc Coaxial dipole antenna with extended effective aperture
US4611214A (en) * 1984-06-27 1986-09-09 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Tactical high frequency array antennas
US4719471A (en) * 1986-01-21 1988-01-12 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Angulated FM antenna
US4829316A (en) * 1985-01-31 1989-05-09 Harada Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Small size antenna for broad-band ultra high frequency
US4968991A (en) * 1987-06-27 1990-11-06 Nippondenso Co., Ltd. Multiband antenna system for use in motor vehicles
US5079562A (en) * 1990-07-03 1992-01-07 Radio Frequency Systems, Inc. Multiband antenna
US5220341A (en) * 1989-11-01 1993-06-15 Nippondenso Co., Ltd. Telescoping antenna apparatus with leakage prevention between its upper and lower sections
US5311201A (en) * 1991-09-27 1994-05-10 Tri-Band Technologies, Inc. Multi-band antenna
US6081236A (en) * 1996-04-26 2000-06-27 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Antenna apparatus with a coaxial cable used as a radiation element
US20060109190A1 (en) * 2004-11-23 2006-05-25 Si-Han Chen Coaxial dipole antenna
WO2009003635A1 (en) * 2007-06-29 2009-01-08 Tomtom International B.V. Antenna arrangement apparatus, reception apparatus and method reducing a common mode signal
US20100013731A1 (en) * 2008-07-21 2010-01-21 Harold James Kittel Coaxial cable dipole antenna for high frequency applications
CN101836331A (en) * 2007-10-24 2010-09-15 通腾科技股份有限公司 Antenna arrangement with reduced comm-mode signal
CN101944649A (en) * 2010-08-09 2011-01-12 洪国智 Antenna module
WO2011003468A1 (en) * 2009-07-10 2011-01-13 Tomtom International B.V. Antenna arrangement apparatus, reception apparatus and method reducing a common-mode interference signal
US8081130B2 (en) * 2009-05-06 2011-12-20 Bae Systems Information And Electronic Systems Integration Inc. Broadband whip antenna
US20140155881A1 (en) * 2001-11-02 2014-06-05 Covidien Lp High-strength microwave antenna assemblies
US9281551B2 (en) 2009-05-06 2016-03-08 Bae Systems Information And Electronic Systems Integration Inc. Multiband whip antenna
DE102014118391A1 (en) * 2014-12-11 2016-06-16 Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg Device for transmitting signals from a metal housing
US9812754B2 (en) 2015-02-27 2017-11-07 Harris Corporation Devices with S-shaped balun segment and related methods

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2205874A (en) * 1936-12-24 1940-06-25 Telefunken Gmbh Arrangement for matching a high frequency radiator to a transmission line
US2241616A (en) * 1937-12-01 1941-05-13 Telefunken Gmbh Transmission line
US2267951A (en) * 1938-11-24 1941-12-30 Telefunken Gmbh Antenna
USRE22374E (en) * 1939-03-14 1943-09-14 Transmission line matching
US2406945A (en) * 1943-02-16 1946-09-03 Rca Corp Insulator for concentric transmission lines
US2485457A (en) * 1944-10-20 1949-10-18 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Antenna system
US2514344A (en) * 1944-07-10 1950-07-04 Stromberg Carlson Co Adjustable acoustic impedance
DE842665C (en) * 1950-10-18 1952-06-30 Siemens Ag Arrangement for tubular bodies to be held concentrically on rod-shaped bodies, especially for antenna constructions
FR1203497A (en) * 1957-10-07 1960-01-19 Columbia Products Co Glass fiber dipole antenna
US3315264A (en) * 1965-07-08 1967-04-18 Brueckmann Helmut Monopole antenna including electrical switching means for varying the length of the outer coaxial conductor with respect to the center conductor

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2205874A (en) * 1936-12-24 1940-06-25 Telefunken Gmbh Arrangement for matching a high frequency radiator to a transmission line
US2241616A (en) * 1937-12-01 1941-05-13 Telefunken Gmbh Transmission line
US2267951A (en) * 1938-11-24 1941-12-30 Telefunken Gmbh Antenna
DE866680C (en) * 1938-11-24 1953-02-12 Telefunken Gmbh Antenna arrangement, consisting of a radiator connected to the inner conductor and a radiator connected to the outer conductor of a coaxial line
USRE22374E (en) * 1939-03-14 1943-09-14 Transmission line matching
US2406945A (en) * 1943-02-16 1946-09-03 Rca Corp Insulator for concentric transmission lines
US2514344A (en) * 1944-07-10 1950-07-04 Stromberg Carlson Co Adjustable acoustic impedance
US2485457A (en) * 1944-10-20 1949-10-18 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Antenna system
DE842665C (en) * 1950-10-18 1952-06-30 Siemens Ag Arrangement for tubular bodies to be held concentrically on rod-shaped bodies, especially for antenna constructions
FR1203497A (en) * 1957-10-07 1960-01-19 Columbia Products Co Glass fiber dipole antenna
US3315264A (en) * 1965-07-08 1967-04-18 Brueckmann Helmut Monopole antenna including electrical switching means for varying the length of the outer coaxial conductor with respect to the center conductor

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Andrew Corp. Bulletin 950, both sides, *

Cited By (37)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3781893A (en) * 1972-01-31 1973-12-25 J Beukers Antenna for weather balloon
FR2321780A1 (en) * 1975-08-18 1977-03-18 Beam Systems Israel Ltd WIDE BAND FREQUENCY ANTENNA
US4117493A (en) * 1976-12-22 1978-09-26 New-Tronics Corp. Radio antenna
DE3017169A1 (en) * 1979-05-16 1980-11-27 Tadiran Israel Elect Ind Ltd BROADBAND VHF ANTENNA
WO1984002614A1 (en) * 1982-12-22 1984-07-05 Motorola Inc Coaxial dipole antenna with extended effective aperture
US4504834A (en) * 1982-12-22 1985-03-12 Motorola, Inc. Coaxial dipole antenna with extended effective aperture
US4611214A (en) * 1984-06-27 1986-09-09 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Tactical high frequency array antennas
US4829316A (en) * 1985-01-31 1989-05-09 Harada Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Small size antenna for broad-band ultra high frequency
US4719471A (en) * 1986-01-21 1988-01-12 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Angulated FM antenna
US4968991A (en) * 1987-06-27 1990-11-06 Nippondenso Co., Ltd. Multiband antenna system for use in motor vehicles
US5220341A (en) * 1989-11-01 1993-06-15 Nippondenso Co., Ltd. Telescoping antenna apparatus with leakage prevention between its upper and lower sections
US5079562A (en) * 1990-07-03 1992-01-07 Radio Frequency Systems, Inc. Multiband antenna
US5311201A (en) * 1991-09-27 1994-05-10 Tri-Band Technologies, Inc. Multi-band antenna
US6081236A (en) * 1996-04-26 2000-06-27 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Antenna apparatus with a coaxial cable used as a radiation element
US20150250541A1 (en) * 2001-11-02 2015-09-10 Covidien Lp High-strength microwave antenna assemblies
US9549779B2 (en) 2001-11-02 2017-01-24 Covidien Lp High-strength microwave antenna assemblies
US10154880B2 (en) 2001-11-02 2018-12-18 Covidien Lp High-strength microwave antenna assemblies
US9579152B2 (en) * 2001-11-02 2017-02-28 Covidien Lp High-strength microwave antenna assemblies
US9041616B2 (en) * 2001-11-02 2015-05-26 Covidien Lp High-strength microwave antenna assemblies
US20140155881A1 (en) * 2001-11-02 2014-06-05 Covidien Lp High-strength microwave antenna assemblies
US7106267B2 (en) * 2004-11-23 2006-09-12 Elka International Ltd. Coaxial dipole antenna
US20060109190A1 (en) * 2004-11-23 2006-05-25 Si-Han Chen Coaxial dipole antenna
JP2010532119A (en) * 2007-06-29 2010-09-30 トムトム インターナショナル ベスローテン フエンノートシャップ Antenna device, receiving device, and common-mode noise reduction method
WO2009003635A1 (en) * 2007-06-29 2009-01-08 Tomtom International B.V. Antenna arrangement apparatus, reception apparatus and method reducing a common mode signal
US20100105348A1 (en) * 2007-06-29 2010-04-29 Jan Van Den Elzen Antenna arrangement apparatus, reception apparatus and method reducing a common mode signal
CN101836331B (en) * 2007-10-24 2013-06-19 通腾科技股份有限公司 Antenna arrangement with reduced comm-mode signal
CN101836331A (en) * 2007-10-24 2010-09-15 通腾科技股份有限公司 Antenna arrangement with reduced comm-mode signal
US20100013731A1 (en) * 2008-07-21 2010-01-21 Harold James Kittel Coaxial cable dipole antenna for high frequency applications
US9281551B2 (en) 2009-05-06 2016-03-08 Bae Systems Information And Electronic Systems Integration Inc. Multiband whip antenna
US8081130B2 (en) * 2009-05-06 2011-12-20 Bae Systems Information And Electronic Systems Integration Inc. Broadband whip antenna
WO2011003468A1 (en) * 2009-07-10 2011-01-13 Tomtom International B.V. Antenna arrangement apparatus, reception apparatus and method reducing a common-mode interference signal
CN101944649A (en) * 2010-08-09 2011-01-12 洪国智 Antenna module
DE102014118391A1 (en) * 2014-12-11 2016-06-16 Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg Device for transmitting signals from a metal housing
CN107004941A (en) * 2014-12-11 2017-08-01 恩德莱斯和豪瑟尔两合公司 Device for transmitting signal from metal shell
US10236555B2 (en) 2014-12-11 2019-03-19 Endress+Hauser SE+Co. KG Device for transferring signals from a metal housing
CN107004941B (en) * 2014-12-11 2019-11-22 恩德莱斯和豪瑟尔欧洲两合公司 For the device from metal shell transmission signal
US9812754B2 (en) 2015-02-27 2017-11-07 Harris Corporation Devices with S-shaped balun segment and related methods

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3576578A (en) Dipole antenna in which one radiating element is formed by outer conductors of two distinct transmission lines having different characteristic impedances
US4847626A (en) Microstrip balun-antenna
US3740754A (en) Broadband cup-dipole and cup-turnstile antennas
US3786372A (en) Broadband high frequency balun
US5231412A (en) Sleeved monopole antenna
US4772895A (en) Wide-band helical antenna
US4737797A (en) Microstrip balun-antenna apparatus
US5424694A (en) Miniature directional coupler
US4028704A (en) Broadband ferrite transformer-fed whip antenna
US4608574A (en) Backfire bifilar helix antenna
US3509465A (en) Printed circuit spiral antenna having amplifier and bias feed circuits integrated therein
US5387919A (en) Dipole antenna having co-axial radiators and feed
US4217589A (en) Ground and/or feedline independent resonant feed device for coupling antennas and the like
US4323900A (en) Omnidirectional microstrip antenna
US5563615A (en) Broadband end fed dipole antenna with a double resonant transformer
US3879735A (en) Broadband antenna systems with isolated independent radiators
JPH04287505A (en) Small sized antenna for portable radio
US6034648A (en) Broad band antenna
US20100302116A1 (en) Multiple band collinear dipole antenna
US4890116A (en) Low profile, broad band monopole antenna
US4631504A (en) Impedance conversion transformer
US6642902B2 (en) Low loss loading, compact antenna and antenna loading method
US3961331A (en) Lossy cable choke broadband isolation means for independent antennas
US5412393A (en) Retractable antenna assembly with bottom connector
US3950757A (en) Broadband whip antennas