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US3321669A - Time delay circuit using thermistors - Google Patents

Time delay circuit using thermistors Download PDF

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Publication number
US3321669A
US3321669A US359191A US35919164A US3321669A US 3321669 A US3321669 A US 3321669A US 359191 A US359191 A US 359191A US 35919164 A US35919164 A US 35919164A US 3321669 A US3321669 A US 3321669A
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Prior art keywords
thermistor
switch
relay
resistor
compressor
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US359191A
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Alan L Rhodes
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YORK-LUXAIRE Inc A CORP OF DE
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Westinghouse Electric Corp
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Assigned to YORK-LUXAIRE, INC., A CORP. OF DE. reassignment YORK-LUXAIRE, INC., A CORP. OF DE. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORPORATION
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H5/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection
    • H02H5/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to abnormal fluid pressure, liquid level or liquid displacement, e.g. Buchholz relays
    • H02H5/086—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to abnormal fluid pressure, liquid level or liquid displacement, e.g. Buchholz relays of cooling or lubricating fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B31/00—Compressor arrangements
    • F25B31/002—Lubrication
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/02—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having positive temperature coefficient
    • H01C7/022—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having positive temperature coefficient mainly consisting of non-metallic substances

Definitions

  • a refrigerant compressor' has an oil pump which, when the compressor is started, builds up a normal oil pressure after a few minutes (up to five minutes) of operation, this build-up period depending upon the ambient temperature and the amount of refrigerant in the oil.
  • a protective circuit for stopping the compressor motor when the oil pressure is low, must take this build-up period into account, else it may stop the compressor during the build-up period.
  • the conventional, thermal, time delay relay using a bimetallic switch element is not suited for such a circuit since it is not satisfactory for time delay periods of over two or three minutes.
  • This invention uses a thermistor, preferably one having a positive temperature coefficient of resistance, in a thermal time delay relay instead of the usual bimetallic switch element.
  • a heater resistor is used to heat the thermistor when the oil pressure of a refrigerant compressor is low.
  • the thermistor is connected in series with an energizing coil of a protective relay to electric supply connections, and normally the resistance of the thermistor is so low that the protective relay is energized, and has a normally closed switch in the energizing circuit of the compressor motor.
  • the heater resistor is connected in series with a normally open switch of an oil pressure responsive control to electric supply connections, which switch closes when the oil pressure is low, and energizes the heater resistor which heats the thermistor to such a temperature that its resistance increases to such a value that the protective relay is deenergized and opens its switch to deenergize the compressor motor.
  • the time required for the thermistor to be heated to such a temperature is sulficient for normal oil pressure build-up.
  • a feature of this invention is that the heater resistor and the thermistor are enclosed within a housing of heat insulation for insulating them from ambient heat, the housing having a removable or openable portion for permitting the heater resistor and the thermistor to cool for resetting the protective circuit after it has operated to deenergize the compressor motor.
  • An object of this invention is to use a thermistor having a positive temperature coefiicient of resistance in a thermal relay.
  • Another object of this invention is to use a thermal relay including a thermistor having a positive coefiicient of resistance, in a protective circuit of a refrigerant compressor for stopping the compressor when its oil pressure is low except during oil pressure build-up.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of a protective circuit of a refrigerant compressor embodying this invention
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the insulating housing enclosing the thermistor and its heater resistor of the circuit of FIG. 1, and
  • FIG. 3 is an end view of the housing of FIG. 2.
  • a conventional refrigerant compressor C is driven by an electric motor CM.
  • An oil pressurestat is connected by a tube 11 to the lubricating system within the compressor.
  • the pressurestat 10 has a switch 12 which closes when the oil pressure is below its normal range of 3,321,669 Patented May 23, 1967 ICC pressures.
  • the switch 12 is connected to one end of secondary winding 13 of step-down transformer 24, and to one end of heater resistor 14 which is coiled around and in contact with thermistor 15.
  • the other end of the resistor 14 is connected to the other end of the winding 13 and to one end of the thermistor 15.
  • the other end of the thermistor 15 is connected to one end of energizing coil 16 of protective relay PR, the other end of the coil 16 being connected to the one end of the secondary winding 13.
  • the relay PR has a normally closed switch 19 connected in series with thermostat switch 20 and energizing coil 21 of motor starter relay SR to electric supply lines L1 and L2.
  • the relay SR has a switch 22 connected in series with the compressor motor CM to the lines L1 and L2.
  • the transformer 24 has a primary winding 23 connected to the lines L1 and L2.
  • the heater resistor 14 is deenergized by the normally open switch 12, the resistance of the thermistor 15 is relatively low, the protective relay PR is energized, and the switch 19 is closed, so that the compressor motor CM can be started when the thermostat switch 20 closes.
  • the switch 20 closes, the coil 21 of the starter relay is energized, the switch 22 closes, and the motor CM is connected to the supply lines L1 and L2.
  • the switch 12 When oil pressure is low, the switch 12 closes and energizes the heater resistor 14 which heats the thermistor 15. The resistance of the thermistor 15 increases, and if the switch 12 remains closed beyond the normal oil pressure build-up period, the resistance of the themistor increases to such a value that the coil 16 is deenergized, and the switch 19 opens. This deenergizes the starter relay SR which opens its switch 22, deenergizing the compressor motor.
  • the heater resistor 14 and the thermistor 15 are enclosed within a hollow housing 25 of heat insulation which insulates the resistor 14 and the thermistor 15 from ambient heat.
  • the housing is divided in upper and lower parts 26 and 28 respectively, which are attached at one end by a hinge 27.
  • the wires connecting the assembly of heater resistor and thermistor to the control circuit, in the illustrated embodiment, extend through the lower housing part 28.
  • the upper housing part 26 can be pivoted about the hinge 27 to open position for permitting the heater resistor and thermistor to cool.
  • the abnormal condition which caused the oil pressure to be so low that the compressor motor was stopped may be temporary. Opening the housing 25 permits the heater resistor and the thermistor to cool and the thermistor to return to its normal, relatively low resistance, resetting the protective circuit by again energizing the coil 16 of the protective relay PR, and reclosing the switch 19. If the compressor motor is repeatedly stopped by the abnormal condition, trouble that requires correction is indicated, and a service man should be called.
  • a protective circuit for a refrigerant compressor having an electric driving motor comprising an oil pressurestat connected to said compressor, a switch closed by said pressurestat when the pressure Within said pressurestat is below normal, a protective relay having a switch which is closed when said relay is energized, a starter relay for said motor, said starter relay having a switch which is closed when said starter relay is energized, electric supply connections, means connecting said switch of said protective relay and said starter relay in series to said connections, means connecting said switch of said starter relay and said motor in series to said connections, a thermistor having a positive temperature ooefficient of resistance, means connecting said thermistor and said protective relay in series to said connections, a heater resistor adjacent to said thermistor for heating said thermistor when said resistor is energized, and means connecting said resistor and said switch of said pressurestat in series to said connections.
  • a protective circuit as claimed in claim 1 in which said resistor and said thermistor are enclosed within a hollow housing of heat insulation, and in which said housing has a part which can be positioned to expose said resist-or and thermistor to the atmosphere for cooling said resistor and thermistor after they have been heated.
  • a control circuit comprising current responsive means and a thermistor connected in series, a heater resistor adjacent to said thermistor for heating said thermistor when said resistor is energized, a control switch, means including said control switch for energizing said resistor when said control switch is closed, said switch being normally open so that said resistor is normally deenergized and said thermistor is normally not heated by said resistor, said responsive means having one condition when said switch is open and said thermistor is not heated by said resistor, and having the opposite condition when said switch is closed and said thermistor is heated by the energization of said resistor, and a housing of heat insulation enclosing said thermistor and said resistor, said housing having a part which can be positioned to expose said thermistor and said resistor to the atmosphere for permitting said thermistor and said resistor to cool after said switch has closed and then reopened, and permitting said responsive means to return to said one position.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Control Of Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Description

y 3, 1967 A. L. RHODES 3,321,669
I TIME DELAY CIRCUIT USING THERMISTORS Filed April 13, 1964 FIG.I.
v 1.- .1 l l4 l6 :2 on. PRESSURESTAT f PR :9
REFRIGERANT d COMPRESSOR THERMOSTAT INVENTOR= ALAN L. RHODES, BY W a Wm ATTORNEY United States Patent 3,321,669 TIME DELAY CIRCUIT USING THERMISTORS Alan L. Rhodes, Staunton, Va., assignor to Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania Filed Apr. 13, 1964, Ser. No. 359,191 4 Claims. (Cl. 317-41) This invention relates to time delay relays, and relates more particularly to time delay relays for use in protecting refrigerant compressors when their lubricating oil pressures are low.
A refrigerant compressor'has an oil pump which, when the compressor is started, builds up a normal oil pressure after a few minutes (up to five minutes) of operation, this build-up period depending upon the ambient temperature and the amount of refrigerant in the oil. A protective circuit for stopping the compressor motor when the oil pressure is low, must take this build-up period into account, else it may stop the compressor during the build-up period. The conventional, thermal, time delay relay using a bimetallic switch element is not suited for such a circuit since it is not satisfactory for time delay periods of over two or three minutes.
This invention uses a thermistor, preferably one having a positive temperature coefficient of resistance, in a thermal time delay relay instead of the usual bimetallic switch element. A heater resistor is used to heat the thermistor when the oil pressure of a refrigerant compressor is low. The thermistor is connected in series with an energizing coil of a protective relay to electric supply connections, and normally the resistance of the thermistor is so low that the protective relay is energized, and has a normally closed switch in the energizing circuit of the compressor motor. The heater resistor is connected in series with a normally open switch of an oil pressure responsive control to electric supply connections, which switch closes when the oil pressure is low, and energizes the heater resistor which heats the thermistor to such a temperature that its resistance increases to such a value that the protective relay is deenergized and opens its switch to deenergize the compressor motor. The time required for the thermistor to be heated to such a temperature is sulficient for normal oil pressure build-up.
A feature of this invention is that the heater resistor and the thermistor are enclosed within a housing of heat insulation for insulating them from ambient heat, the housing having a removable or openable portion for permitting the heater resistor and the thermistor to cool for resetting the protective circuit after it has operated to deenergize the compressor motor.
An object of this invention is to use a thermistor having a positive temperature coefiicient of resistance in a thermal relay.
Another object of this invention is to use a thermal relay including a thermistor having a positive coefiicient of resistance, in a protective circuit of a refrigerant compressor for stopping the compressor when its oil pressure is low except during oil pressure build-up.
This invention will now be described with reference to the annexed drawings, of which:
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of a protective circuit of a refrigerant compressor embodying this invention;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the insulating housing enclosing the thermistor and its heater resistor of the circuit of FIG. 1, and
FIG. 3 is an end view of the housing of FIG. 2.
A conventional refrigerant compressor C is driven by an electric motor CM. An oil pressurestat is connected by a tube 11 to the lubricating system within the compressor. The pressurestat 10 has a switch 12 which closes when the oil pressure is below its normal range of 3,321,669 Patented May 23, 1967 ICC pressures. The switch 12 is connected to one end of secondary winding 13 of step-down transformer 24, and to one end of heater resistor 14 which is coiled around and in contact with thermistor 15. The other end of the resistor 14 is connected to the other end of the winding 13 and to one end of the thermistor 15. The other end of the thermistor 15 is connected to one end of energizing coil 16 of protective relay PR, the other end of the coil 16 being connected to the one end of the secondary winding 13. The relay PR has a normally closed switch 19 connected in series with thermostat switch 20 and energizing coil 21 of motor starter relay SR to electric supply lines L1 and L2. The relay SR has a switch 22 connected in series with the compressor motor CM to the lines L1 and L2. The transformer 24 has a primary winding 23 connected to the lines L1 and L2.
' ductive material.
Normally, the heater resistor 14 is deenergized by the normally open switch 12, the resistance of the thermistor 15 is relatively low, the protective relay PR is energized, and the switch 19 is closed, so that the compressor motor CM can be started when the thermostat switch 20 closes. When the switch 20 closes, the coil 21 of the starter relay is energized, the switch 22 closes, and the motor CM is connected to the supply lines L1 and L2.
When oil pressure is low, the switch 12 closes and energizes the heater resistor 14 which heats the thermistor 15. The resistance of the thermistor 15 increases, and if the switch 12 remains closed beyond the normal oil pressure build-up period, the resistance of the themistor increases to such a value that the coil 16 is deenergized, and the switch 19 opens. This deenergizes the starter relay SR which opens its switch 22, deenergizing the compressor motor.
As shown by FIG. 2, the heater resistor 14 and the thermistor 15 are enclosed within a hollow housing 25 of heat insulation which insulates the resistor 14 and the thermistor 15 from ambient heat. The housing is divided in upper and lower parts 26 and 28 respectively, which are attached at one end by a hinge 27. The wires connecting the assembly of heater resistor and thermistor to the control circuit, in the illustrated embodiment, extend through the lower housing part 28. The upper housing part 26 can be pivoted about the hinge 27 to open position for permitting the heater resistor and thermistor to cool.
The abnormal condition which caused the oil pressure to be so low that the compressor motor was stopped, may be temporary. Opening the housing 25 permits the heater resistor and the thermistor to cool and the thermistor to return to its normal, relatively low resistance, resetting the protective circuit by again energizing the coil 16 of the protective relay PR, and reclosing the switch 19. If the compressor motor is repeatedly stopped by the abnormal condition, trouble that requires correction is indicated, and a service man should be called.
What is claimed is:
1. A protective circuit for a refrigerant compressor having an electric driving motor, comprising an oil pressurestat connected to said compressor, a switch closed by said pressurestat when the pressure Within said pressurestat is below normal, a protective relay having a switch which is closed when said relay is energized, a starter relay for said motor, said starter relay having a switch which is closed when said starter relay is energized, electric supply connections, means connecting said switch of said protective relay and said starter relay in series to said connections, means connecting said switch of said starter relay and said motor in series to said connections, a thermistor having a positive temperature ooefficient of resistance, means connecting said thermistor and said protective relay in series to said connections, a heater resistor adjacent to said thermistor for heating said thermistor when said resistor is energized, and means connecting said resistor and said switch of said pressurestat in series to said connections.
2. A protective circuit as claimed in claim 1 in which said resistor and said thermistor are enclosed within a hollow housing of heat insulation, and in which said housing has a part which can be positioned to expose said resist-or and thermistor to the atmosphere for cooling said resistor and thermistor after they have been heated.
3. A control circuit comprising current responsive means and a thermistor connected in series, a heater resistor adjacent to said thermistor for heating said thermistor when said resistor is energized, a control switch, means including said control switch for energizing said resistor when said control switch is closed, said switch being normally open so that said resistor is normally deenergized and said thermistor is normally not heated by said resistor, said responsive means having one condition when said switch is open and said thermistor is not heated by said resistor, and having the opposite condition when said switch is closed and said thermistor is heated by the energization of said resistor, and a housing of heat insulation enclosing said thermistor and said resistor, said housing having a part which can be positioned to expose said thermistor and said resistor to the atmosphere for permitting said thermistor and said resistor to cool after said switch has closed and then reopened, and permitting said responsive means to return to said one position.
4. A control circuit as claimed in claim 3 in which said responsive means is a relay having a switch which is in one position when said thermistor is not heated by said resistor, and which is in another position when said thermistor is heated by said resistor when said control switch is closed.
References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,858,265 5/1932 Dahlstrom 317--41 X 2,389,073 11/ 1945 Newton 62208 X 2,818,535 12/1957 Skeats et al. 318-452 X 3,143,640 8/1964 Becker 317-41 X 3,250,084 5/1966 Anderson 62- 208 X 3,290,576 12/1966 Jensen et a1 317-13 X FOREIGN PATENTS 696,039 10/ 1964 Canada.
MILTON O. HIRSHFIELD, Primary Examiner.
R. V. LUPO, Assistant Examiner.

Claims (1)

1. A PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT FOR A REFRIGERANT COMPRESSOR HAVING AN ELECTRIC DRIVING MOTOR, COMPRISING AN OIL PRESSURESTAT CONNECTED TO SAID COMPRESSOR, A SWITCH CLOSED BY SAID PRESSURESTAT WHEN THE PRESSURE WITHIN SAID PRESSURESTAT IS BELOW NORMAL, A PROTECTIVE RELAY HAVING A SWITCH WHICH IS CLOSED WHEN SAID RELAY IS ENERGIZED, A STARTER RELAY FOR SAID MOTOR, SAID STARTER RELAY HAVING A SWITCH WHICH IS CLOSED WHEN SAID STARTER RELAY IS ENERGIZED, ELECTRIC SUPPLY CONNECTIONS, MEANS CONNECTING SAID SWITCH OF SAID PROTECTIVE RELAY AND SAID STARTER RELAY IN SERIES TO SAID CONNECTIONS, MEANS CONNECTING SAID SWITCH OF SAID STARTER RELAY AND SAID MOTOR IN SERIES TO SAID CONNECTIONS, A THERMISTOR HAVING A POSITIVE TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT OF RESISTANCE, MEANS CONNECTING SAID THERMISTOR AND SAID PROTECTIVE RELAY IN SERIES TO SAID CONNECTIONS, A HEATER RESISTOR ADJACENT TO SAID THERMISTOR FOR HEATING SAID THERMISTOR WHEN SAID RE-
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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3792592A (en) * 1972-06-30 1974-02-19 Ranco Inc Cold weather starting control means for refrigerating systems
US3931560A (en) * 1972-01-10 1976-01-06 Robertshaw Controls Company Motor control system and electrical switch constructions therefor or the like
US4005585A (en) * 1974-03-01 1977-02-01 Johnson Controls, Inc. Control arrangement fail-safe timing circuit
US4356704A (en) * 1980-10-02 1982-11-02 Nissan Motor Company, Limited Refrigerant compressor protective switch system
US20110232117A1 (en) * 2010-03-26 2011-09-29 Hommel-Etamic Gmbh Measuring device

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1858265A (en) * 1930-01-18 1932-05-17 Perfection Stove Co Burner control system
US2389073A (en) * 1943-04-23 1945-11-13 Honeywell Regulator Co Overload protection for refrigeration systems
US2818535A (en) * 1955-08-01 1957-12-31 Westinghouse Electric Corp Safety control circuits for electric motors
US3143640A (en) * 1961-10-03 1964-08-04 Gen Electric Sheet-type heater and overheat protection device
CA696039A (en) * 1964-10-13 G. Gerlach Hans Cathode for electric discharge tubes
US3250084A (en) * 1963-09-25 1966-05-10 Carrier Corp Control systems
US3290576A (en) * 1964-05-12 1966-12-06 Westinghouse Electric Corp Detectors of fluid flow

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA696039A (en) * 1964-10-13 G. Gerlach Hans Cathode for electric discharge tubes
US1858265A (en) * 1930-01-18 1932-05-17 Perfection Stove Co Burner control system
US2389073A (en) * 1943-04-23 1945-11-13 Honeywell Regulator Co Overload protection for refrigeration systems
US2818535A (en) * 1955-08-01 1957-12-31 Westinghouse Electric Corp Safety control circuits for electric motors
US3143640A (en) * 1961-10-03 1964-08-04 Gen Electric Sheet-type heater and overheat protection device
US3250084A (en) * 1963-09-25 1966-05-10 Carrier Corp Control systems
US3290576A (en) * 1964-05-12 1966-12-06 Westinghouse Electric Corp Detectors of fluid flow

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3931560A (en) * 1972-01-10 1976-01-06 Robertshaw Controls Company Motor control system and electrical switch constructions therefor or the like
US3792592A (en) * 1972-06-30 1974-02-19 Ranco Inc Cold weather starting control means for refrigerating systems
US4005585A (en) * 1974-03-01 1977-02-01 Johnson Controls, Inc. Control arrangement fail-safe timing circuit
US4356704A (en) * 1980-10-02 1982-11-02 Nissan Motor Company, Limited Refrigerant compressor protective switch system
US20110232117A1 (en) * 2010-03-26 2011-09-29 Hommel-Etamic Gmbh Measuring device

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