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US3010007A - Flexible radiant heating panel - Google Patents

Flexible radiant heating panel Download PDF

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Publication number
US3010007A
US3010007A US815346A US81534659A US3010007A US 3010007 A US3010007 A US 3010007A US 815346 A US815346 A US 815346A US 81534659 A US81534659 A US 81534659A US 3010007 A US3010007 A US 3010007A
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United States
Prior art keywords
sheets
flexible
heating panel
radiant heating
foil
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US815346A
Inventor
Ralph G Theodore
John L Davis
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Electric Parts Corp
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Electric Parts Corp
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Publication date
Application filed by Electric Parts Corp filed Critical Electric Parts Corp
Priority to US815346A priority Critical patent/US3010007A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3010007A publication Critical patent/US3010007A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D13/00—Electric heating systems
    • F24D13/02—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating
    • F24D13/022—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating resistances incorporated in construction elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/009—Heaters using conductive material in contact with opposing surfaces of the resistive element or resistive layer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/014—Heaters using resistive wires or cables not provided for in H05B3/54
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]

Definitions

  • rfhis invention relates to improvements in a radiant heating panel'or sheet which essentially is constructed of an insulated electric resistance wire sandwiched between opposite sheets of metallic foil.
  • One of the important features of the invention resides in a radiant heating pane-l or sheet which is extremely flexible permitting use where more resilient and bulky panels cannot be used.
  • Another import-ant feature of the invention resides in a radiant heating panel or sheet which may be manufactured economically and yet ythe structure is sturdy and safe to use. n n
  • a further important rfeature of the invention resides in a radiant heating panel or sheet which employs insulated resistance wires, the radiant panels of which are so flexible as to intimately associate the wires with the panels without bridging the panels between adjacent wires.
  • radiant heating panel or lsheet wherein the radiant panel members comprise relatively flexible foil and wherein the inner faces of the foil sheets are coated with a relatively thin coating of adhesive, preferably, polyethylene, to cause adherence of Ithe sheets to each other and to thev sandwiched heating wires.
  • adhesive preferably, polyethylene
  • FIG. l is a face viewfof a radiant heating panel or sheet embodying the features yof the present invention.
  • FiG. 2 is an enlarged ydetailed sectional view taken on line 2--2 of FIG. 1, certain parts being exaggerated in size.
  • FlG. 3 is a sectional view similar to that shown in FIG. Z wherein the radiant sheetsare joined together in a modified manner.
  • 1 indicates gene-rally a radiant heating panel or sheet embodying the features of the present invention.
  • the panel 1 comprises essentially a heating Iunit 2. sandwiched between two outer sheets of flexible metal foil 3 and 4.
  • the heating unit 2 comprises conventional resistance wire sheathed by an insulating material 6.
  • the insulating material comprises a flexible material, preferably polyvinyl chloride or similar plastic material or mix-ture which will withstand temperatures up to about 220 F; without y meltingor disintegrating.
  • the heating unit is arranged in a zigzag or serpentine fashion conventional in the arrangements used in heating panels, electric blankets, electric sheets or the like so that the pattern employed will produce heat over a relatively large area.
  • the sheets 3 and 4 comprise flexible metal foil, preferably aluminum foil having highly eflicient radiant energy reflecting surfaces.
  • the foil thickness or caliper is less than about three thousandthsof an inch.
  • heavier foil may yconceivably be used so long as the foil sheets do not appreciably bridge adjacent wires of the heating unit when saidwires are sandwiched between the radiant sheets, as will be hereinafter more fully described.
  • the heating unit wires are sandwiched between the two opposite foil sheets 3 and 4, as shown best in Fig. 1'.
  • the inner yor confronting faces of the foil sheets 3 and 4 are coated with a relatively thin coating 7 of yanadhesive, preferably 3,010,001 Patented Nov. 21k, 1961 polyethylene, the coating 7k in FIG. 2 being shown inl together and secured to the surface of the insulation 6.
  • ⁇ sheets may be brought into intimate contact with each other and with the major portion of the outer surface area i of the insulation 6. That is, ⁇ no appreciable bridging of the sheets t3 and 4 will take place between adjacent wires kor conductors of the heating unit.
  • the preferred manner of sandwiching the heating unit between the sheets 3 and 4 is illustrated in lFIG. 2 wherein the sheets 3 and 4 symmetrically sandwich the wires 0f the heating unit.
  • the sheets may sandwich the heating unit wires as shown in FIG. 3, wherein sheet 4 is maintained substantially flat and sheet 3 is distorted to embrace the heating unit conductors Z.
  • one manner of securement may be preferred over the other. In either case, however, a minikmum of bridging of the sheets over the conductors will OCCHI.
  • a relatively flexible radiant heating panel comprisingV a flat sinuous coil of resistance wire, a sheath of relatively flexible polyvinyl chloride insulating material carried on said wire, a sheet of flexible foil disposed on each side of said coil, and a coating of polyethylene heat-responsive adhesive carried on theconfronting faces of said sheets, said sheets being adhered togethery by said polyethylene adhesive between adjacent loops of said insulated resistance wire and being intimately adheredpby said polyethylene adhesive to a portion of the outer surface area ⁇ material capable of withstanding temperatures of at least about 220 degrees F., a sheet of thing flexible thermally conductive metal foil disposed lon each side of said coil,
  • said adhesive comprising a heat-responsive plastic material, said sheets being adhered together byy said adhesive between adjacentloops of said insulated resistance wire and being intimately adhered by said adhesive to substantially the entire outer surface area of the insulating sheath carried by said resistance wire.
  • a flexible radiant heating panel comprising a flat sinuous coil of resistance wire, a sheath of flexible insulating material carried on said wire, a sheet of, thin flexible thermally conductive metal foil disposed. on each side of said coil, and a coating of adhesive carried on the confronting faces of said sheets, said sheets conforming to said coil of wire and being intimately adhered by said adhesive about substantially the entire youter surface area ofthe insulating sheath carried by said wire and ⁇ being References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,521,241 Hale Dec. 30, 1924 1,996,522 Norris Apr. 2, 1935 2,07 8,675 Lockwood Apr. 27, 1937 4 Blessing July 15, 1947 Roberson June 13, 1950 Cha11enner Nov. 14, 1950 Brennan Oct. 12, 1954 Abbott et a1 Aug. 16, 1955 MacKendrick Aug. 6, 1957 Willat July 29, 1958 Silversher Oct. 28, 1958

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)

Description

NOV- 21, 1961 R. G. THEoDoRE ET AL 3,010,007
FLEXIBLE RADIANT HEATING PANEL Filed May 25, 1959 @gay ' 3,010,007 FLEXIBLE RADIANT HEATING PANEL Ralph G. Theodore, Georgetown, Ky., andJohnL. Davis,
Camp Hill, Pa., assignorsto `Electric Parts Corporation, Georgetown, Ky., a corporation of Illinois Filed May 25, 1959, Ser. No. 815,346
3 Claims. (Cl. 2194-46) rfhis invention relates to improvements in a radiant heating panel'or sheet which essentially is constructed of an insulated electric resistance wire sandwiched between opposite sheets of metallic foil.
One of the important features of the invention resides in a radiant heating pane-l or sheet which is extremely flexible permitting use where more resilient and bulky panels cannot be used.
Another import-ant feature of the invention resides in a radiant heating panel or sheet which may be manufactured economically and yet ythe structure is sturdy and safe to use. n n
A further important rfeature of the invention resides in a radiant heating panel or sheet which employs insulated resistance wires, the radiant panels of which are so flexible as to intimately associate the wires with the panels without bridging the panels between adjacent wires.
Anotherk important feature of the invention resides in a radiant heating panel or lsheet wherein the radiant panel members comprise relatively flexible foil and wherein the inner faces of the foil sheets are coated with a relatively thin coating of adhesive, preferably, polyethylene, to cause adherence of Ithe sheets to each other and to thev sandwiched heating wires.
Other objects, advantages and features of the present invention will be more apparent from the accompanying drawing and following detailed description.
ln the drawing, FIG. l is a face viewfof a radiant heating panel or sheet embodying the features yof the present invention.
FiG. 2 is an enlarged ydetailed sectional view taken on line 2--2 of FIG. 1, certain parts being exaggerated in size.
FlG. 3 is a sectional view similar to that shown in FIG. Z wherein the radiant sheetsare joined together in a modified manner. 'y Referring in detail to the drawing, 1 indicates gene-rally a radiant heating panel or sheet embodying the features of the present invention. The panel 1 comprises essentially a heating Iunit 2. sandwiched between two outer sheets of flexible metal foil 3 and 4.
The heating unit 2 comprises conventional resistance wire sheathed by an insulating material 6. The insulating material comprises a flexible material, preferably polyvinyl chloride or similar plastic material or mix-ture which will withstand temperatures up to about 220 F; without y meltingor disintegrating. The heating unit is arranged in a zigzag or serpentine fashion conventional in the arrangements used in heating panels, electric blankets, electric sheets or the like so that the pattern employed will produce heat over a relatively large area.
The sheets 3 and 4 comprise flexible metal foil, preferably aluminum foil having highly eflicient radiant energy reflecting surfaces. Preferably the foil thickness or caliper is less than about three thousandthsof an inch. Of course, heavier foil may yconceivably be used so long as the foil sheets do not appreciably bridge adjacent wires of the heating unit when saidwires are sandwiched between the radiant sheets, as will be hereinafter more fully described.
The heating unit wires are sandwiched between the two opposite foil sheets 3 and 4, as shown best in Fig. 1'. As a feature of the present invention, the inner yor confronting faces of the foil sheets 3 and 4 are coated with a relatively thin coating 7 of yanadhesive, preferably 3,010,001 Patented Nov. 21k, 1961 polyethylene, the coating 7k in FIG. 2 being shown inl together and secured to the surface of the insulation 6.
By virtue of the flexible character of the foil sheets, the
` sheets may be brought into intimate contact with each other and with the major portion of the outer surface area i of the insulation 6. That is, `no appreciable bridging of the sheets t3 and 4 will take place between adjacent wires kor conductors of the heating unit.
The preferred manner of sandwiching the heating unit between the sheets 3 and 4 is illustrated in lFIG. 2 wherein the sheets 3 and 4 symmetrically sandwich the wires 0f the heating unit. However, if desired, the sheets may sandwich the heating unit wires as shown in FIG. 3, wherein sheet 4 is maintained substantially flat and sheet 3 is distorted to embrace the heating unit conductors Z. For automatic ormachine securement of the sheets together about the heating unit, one manner of securement may be preferred over the other. In either case, however, a minikmum of bridging of the sheets over the conductors will OCCHI.
. y yOther obvious variations of the invention, which do not depart from the spirit of the invention, will occur kto anyone skilled in the art and, hence, it is not intended that the invention be limited to the exact details Vshown and described yexcept as necessitated by the appended claims.
What is claimed is: f
. `l. A relatively flexible radiant heating panel comprisingV a flat sinuous coil of resistance wire, a sheath of relatively flexible polyvinyl chloride insulating material carried on said wire, a sheet of flexible foil disposed on each side of said coil, and a coating of polyethylene heat-responsive adhesive carried on theconfronting faces of said sheets, said sheets being adhered togethery by said polyethylene adhesive between adjacent loops of said insulated resistance wire and being intimately adheredpby said polyethylene adhesive to a portion of the outer surface area `material capable of withstanding temperatures of at least about 220 degrees F., a sheet of thing flexible thermally conductive metal foil disposed lon each side of said coil,
and a coating of adhesive carried on the confronting faces of said sheets, said adhesive comprising a heat-responsive plastic material, said sheets being adhered together byy said adhesive between adjacentloops of said insulated resistance wire and being intimately adhered by said adhesive to substantially the entire outer surface area of the insulating sheath carried by said resistance wire.
3. A flexible radiant heating panel comprising a flat sinuous coil of resistance wire, a sheath of flexible insulating material carried on said wire, a sheet of, thin flexible thermally conductive metal foil disposed. on each side of said coil, and a coating of adhesive carried on the confronting faces of said sheets, said sheets conforming to said coil of wire and being intimately adhered by said adhesive about substantially the entire youter surface area ofthe insulating sheath carried by said wire and `being References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,521,241 Hale Dec. 30, 1924 1,996,522 Norris Apr. 2, 1935 2,07 8,675 Lockwood Apr. 27, 1937 4 Blessing July 15, 1947 Roberson June 13, 1950 Cha11enner Nov. 14, 1950 Brennan Oct. 12, 1954 Abbott et a1 Aug. 16, 1955 MacKendrick Aug. 6, 1957 Willat July 29, 1958 Silversher Oct. 28, 1958
US815346A 1959-05-25 1959-05-25 Flexible radiant heating panel Expired - Lifetime US3010007A (en)

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Cited By (29)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3118042A (en) * 1960-11-16 1964-01-14 Perkin Elmer Corp Electrical heating devices
US3129316A (en) * 1962-07-30 1964-04-14 Ferris N Glass Heating element for eliminating ice from a roof
US3135040A (en) * 1962-01-29 1964-06-02 Singer Co Prefabricated heating structure and method of installing
US3153140A (en) * 1961-09-12 1964-10-13 Electric Parts Corp Radiant heating panel
US3209128A (en) * 1962-11-20 1965-09-28 Smith Gates Corp Heating mat
US3293405A (en) * 1965-09-13 1966-12-20 Raphael J Costanzo Electrically heated footwear
US3453417A (en) * 1966-12-07 1969-07-01 Acra Electric Corp Electric heater assembly
US3473003A (en) * 1964-05-26 1969-10-14 Paul Eisler Wall covering material for use in space heating
US3807044A (en) * 1971-09-04 1974-04-30 Kabel Metallwerke Ghh Method for making heating mats
US3949189A (en) * 1973-06-15 1976-04-06 Thermon Manufacturing Company Pipe heat transfer assembly
DE2652100A1 (en) * 1976-11-16 1978-05-18 Joachim Ruhnau Heating mat for warming workers feet - consists of heating foil between two externally ribbed metal plates
US4254326A (en) * 1978-08-31 1981-03-03 Raychem Corporation Electrical heater apparatus
US4313048A (en) * 1978-10-10 1982-01-26 Rolf C. Hagen (Usa) Corp. Thermostatically controlled externally mounted electric aquarium heater
US4314144A (en) * 1979-10-29 1982-02-02 Eaton Corporation Thermostat mounting arrangement for electric heating appliance
US4346277A (en) * 1979-10-29 1982-08-24 Eaton Corporation Packaged electrical heating element
US4425497A (en) 1979-08-17 1984-01-10 Raychem Corporation PTC Heater assembly
EP0117001A1 (en) * 1983-02-22 1984-08-29 Carbolite Furnaces Limited Heating panels
US4471212A (en) * 1981-12-21 1984-09-11 Armstrong World Industries, Inc. Light weight thin buckle-resistant ceiling heating panel
EP0124174A1 (en) * 1983-05-02 1984-11-07 Lange International S.A. Electrical heating element to be incorporated in an inner layer of a garment or of an accessory, to be applied to a part of the human body
US4501951A (en) * 1982-08-16 1985-02-26 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Electric heating element for sterilely cutting and welding together thermoplastic tubes
US4501713A (en) * 1983-06-15 1985-02-26 Phillips Petroleum Company Stabilizing melt crystallization temperature in arylene sulfide polymer heat treatment
US4523085A (en) * 1980-08-28 1985-06-11 Flexwatt Corporation Electrical heating device
US4547659A (en) * 1979-08-17 1985-10-15 Raychem Corporation PTC Heater assembly
US4588462A (en) * 1985-02-28 1986-05-13 Horowitz Seymour M Method and apparatus for laying wire arrays
US4673801A (en) * 1979-08-17 1987-06-16 Raychem Corporation PTC heater assembly
WO1990013986A1 (en) * 1989-05-08 1990-11-15 Per Wesseltoft Flat electric heating arrangement
US5558794A (en) * 1991-08-02 1996-09-24 Jansens; Peter J. Coaxial heating cable with ground shield
US20140097178A1 (en) * 2012-10-10 2014-04-10 Amante Radiant Suppy, Inc. Portable Heating Arrangement
US11656455B2 (en) * 2018-07-27 2023-05-23 Nifco Inc. Planar heat generating body and vehicle windshield device

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1521241A (en) * 1920-06-03 1924-12-30 Willis W Hale Electrical insulating medium
US1996522A (en) * 1932-04-29 1935-04-02 Reconstruction Finance Corp Heating panel
US2078675A (en) * 1934-10-27 1937-04-27 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Heater control system
US2423869A (en) * 1940-09-30 1947-07-15 Rca Corp Composite structure and method of making the same
US2511378A (en) * 1946-09-05 1950-06-13 Leonard N Roberson Radiant electric heating device
US2529914A (en) * 1950-06-22 1950-11-14 Denison Mattress Factory Electrical heating element
US2691208A (en) * 1948-08-14 1954-10-12 Joseph B Brennan Method of laminating strip metal
US2715674A (en) * 1953-03-12 1955-08-16 Howard C Abbott Electrically heated mattress and sleeping pad
US2802091A (en) * 1954-10-18 1957-08-06 Kaz Mfg Co Inc Electric plate warmer
US2845519A (en) * 1954-02-23 1958-07-29 Arnold F Willat Electrical floor heating pad
US2858451A (en) * 1955-03-07 1958-10-28 Herman I Silversher Laminar ray shielding materials

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1521241A (en) * 1920-06-03 1924-12-30 Willis W Hale Electrical insulating medium
US1996522A (en) * 1932-04-29 1935-04-02 Reconstruction Finance Corp Heating panel
US2078675A (en) * 1934-10-27 1937-04-27 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Heater control system
US2423869A (en) * 1940-09-30 1947-07-15 Rca Corp Composite structure and method of making the same
US2511378A (en) * 1946-09-05 1950-06-13 Leonard N Roberson Radiant electric heating device
US2691208A (en) * 1948-08-14 1954-10-12 Joseph B Brennan Method of laminating strip metal
US2529914A (en) * 1950-06-22 1950-11-14 Denison Mattress Factory Electrical heating element
US2715674A (en) * 1953-03-12 1955-08-16 Howard C Abbott Electrically heated mattress and sleeping pad
US2845519A (en) * 1954-02-23 1958-07-29 Arnold F Willat Electrical floor heating pad
US2802091A (en) * 1954-10-18 1957-08-06 Kaz Mfg Co Inc Electric plate warmer
US2858451A (en) * 1955-03-07 1958-10-28 Herman I Silversher Laminar ray shielding materials

Cited By (31)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3118042A (en) * 1960-11-16 1964-01-14 Perkin Elmer Corp Electrical heating devices
US3153140A (en) * 1961-09-12 1964-10-13 Electric Parts Corp Radiant heating panel
US3135040A (en) * 1962-01-29 1964-06-02 Singer Co Prefabricated heating structure and method of installing
US3129316A (en) * 1962-07-30 1964-04-14 Ferris N Glass Heating element for eliminating ice from a roof
US3209128A (en) * 1962-11-20 1965-09-28 Smith Gates Corp Heating mat
US3473003A (en) * 1964-05-26 1969-10-14 Paul Eisler Wall covering material for use in space heating
US3293405A (en) * 1965-09-13 1966-12-20 Raphael J Costanzo Electrically heated footwear
US3453417A (en) * 1966-12-07 1969-07-01 Acra Electric Corp Electric heater assembly
US3807044A (en) * 1971-09-04 1974-04-30 Kabel Metallwerke Ghh Method for making heating mats
US3949189A (en) * 1973-06-15 1976-04-06 Thermon Manufacturing Company Pipe heat transfer assembly
DE2652100A1 (en) * 1976-11-16 1978-05-18 Joachim Ruhnau Heating mat for warming workers feet - consists of heating foil between two externally ribbed metal plates
US4254326A (en) * 1978-08-31 1981-03-03 Raychem Corporation Electrical heater apparatus
US4313048A (en) * 1978-10-10 1982-01-26 Rolf C. Hagen (Usa) Corp. Thermostatically controlled externally mounted electric aquarium heater
US4673801A (en) * 1979-08-17 1987-06-16 Raychem Corporation PTC heater assembly
US4547659A (en) * 1979-08-17 1985-10-15 Raychem Corporation PTC Heater assembly
US4425497A (en) 1979-08-17 1984-01-10 Raychem Corporation PTC Heater assembly
US4346277A (en) * 1979-10-29 1982-08-24 Eaton Corporation Packaged electrical heating element
US4314144A (en) * 1979-10-29 1982-02-02 Eaton Corporation Thermostat mounting arrangement for electric heating appliance
US4523085A (en) * 1980-08-28 1985-06-11 Flexwatt Corporation Electrical heating device
US4471212A (en) * 1981-12-21 1984-09-11 Armstrong World Industries, Inc. Light weight thin buckle-resistant ceiling heating panel
US4501951A (en) * 1982-08-16 1985-02-26 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Electric heating element for sterilely cutting and welding together thermoplastic tubes
EP0117001A1 (en) * 1983-02-22 1984-08-29 Carbolite Furnaces Limited Heating panels
EP0124174A1 (en) * 1983-05-02 1984-11-07 Lange International S.A. Electrical heating element to be incorporated in an inner layer of a garment or of an accessory, to be applied to a part of the human body
US4665308A (en) * 1983-05-02 1987-05-12 Lange International S.A. Electrical heating element intended to be incorporated in an inner lining of an item of clothing or accessory intended to be placed against a part of the human body
US4501713A (en) * 1983-06-15 1985-02-26 Phillips Petroleum Company Stabilizing melt crystallization temperature in arylene sulfide polymer heat treatment
US4588462A (en) * 1985-02-28 1986-05-13 Horowitz Seymour M Method and apparatus for laying wire arrays
WO1990013986A1 (en) * 1989-05-08 1990-11-15 Per Wesseltoft Flat electric heating arrangement
US5558794A (en) * 1991-08-02 1996-09-24 Jansens; Peter J. Coaxial heating cable with ground shield
US20140097178A1 (en) * 2012-10-10 2014-04-10 Amante Radiant Suppy, Inc. Portable Heating Arrangement
US9949318B2 (en) * 2012-10-10 2018-04-17 Amante Radiant Supply, Inc. Portable heating arrangement
US11656455B2 (en) * 2018-07-27 2023-05-23 Nifco Inc. Planar heat generating body and vehicle windshield device

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