US2733209A - Magnesium-lithium-sodnjm grease - Google Patents
Magnesium-lithium-sodnjm grease Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2733209A US2733209A US2733209DA US2733209A US 2733209 A US2733209 A US 2733209A US 2733209D A US2733209D A US 2733209DA US 2733209 A US2733209 A US 2733209A
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- magnesium
- lithium
- grease
- soap
- oil
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 title claims description 52
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 108
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 claims description 84
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 46
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 40
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000001050 lubricating Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 24
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 24
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 24
- 241000282890 Sus Species 0.000 description 20
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 20
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 18
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 18
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 18
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 18
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 18
- 235000021323 fish oil Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- 239000010688 mineral lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 12
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium stearate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000010695 polyglycol Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000002459 sustained Effects 0.000 description 6
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N Oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sebacic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Stearic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- KIHBGTRZFAVZRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxystearic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)C(O)=O KIHBGTRZFAVZRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001278 adipic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000111 anti-oxidant Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000005456 glyceride group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000011874 heated mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012456 homogeneous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxyl anion Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001522 polyglycol ester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- -1 polyolefins Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M5/00—Solid or semi-solid compositions containing as the essential lubricating ingredient mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils and their use
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/06—Well-defined aromatic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/14—Synthetic waxes, e.g. polythene waxes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/16—Paraffin waxes; Petrolatum, e.g. slack wax
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/17—Fisher Tropsch reaction products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/129—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of thirty or more carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/282—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic oolycarboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/34—Esters having a hydrocarbon substituent of thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. substituted succinic acid derivatives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
- C10M2209/104—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing two carbon atoms only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
- C10M2209/108—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups etherified
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
- C10M2209/109—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups esterified
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/02—Groups 1 or 11
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/02—Bearings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
- C10N2050/10—Semi-solids; greasy
Definitions
- This invention relates to lubricating grease compositions and particularly to improved magnesium grease compositions which have excellent heat stability properties. More particularly the invention relates to a heat stable magnesium grease composition containing the magnesium, lithium, and sodium soaps of fatty acids.
- Magnesium base greases are well known in the art of lubricating grease manufacture. They are characterized by excellent appearance and by their resistance to shear breakdown. It has been found, however, that magnesium base greases are somewhat lacking in stability properties at sustained high temperatures. When utilized for the lubrication of moving metal parts at high temperatures for long periods of time these otherwise excellent lubricants have been found to harden to an undesirable extent and to allow oil to separate. This combination of a tendency to harden and to separate oil is an u-ndersirable one and many attempts have been made to modify magnesium base greases to remove it.
- the greases of this invention are prepared by thickening to a grease consistency a lubricating oil base stock with a mixture of the magnesium, lithium and sodium soaps of any of the Well known fatty acids familiar to lubricating grease makers.
- the greases of invention are prepared by the methods of manufacture familiar to the art and no special problems arise in their preparation. Care must be taken only to prepare the most insoluble soap first, followed by the lesser soluble and most soluble soaps in that order.
- the preparation involves the thorough admixture of. the fatty acids used in a portion of the mineral oil base and the application of heat until a homogeneous mixture is obtained.
- a slurry or solution of the metallic base usually in the form of hydroxide is then added and 'ice the mixture heated to dehydration. temperatures.
- the total mixture is heated'to about 300 F., the balance of the mineral oil added and the final product cooled without stirring.
- the lubricating oil chosen as the base for the grease compositions of this invention may be any of the mineral oil distillates known to the art. It should be remembered that the oil chosen for the grease base should be selected from those which. would perform the lubrication if an oil alone could'be used.- Parafiinic or naphthenic distillates having viscosities within the range of from to 1000 SUS, preferably 40 to 250 SUS at 210 F. may be utilized as the base for these improved magnesium greases.
- the lubricating oil constituent of these compositions may also be selected from a great number of the synthetic lubricants which are rapidly becoming important in the lubricating art.
- esters of dibasic acids such as sebacic and adipic acid esters
- polymerized hydrocarbons such as polyolefins, polymerized cracked wax, etc.
- alkylated aromatics polyglycols, polyglycol ethers, polyglycol esters, polyglycol ether esters, formals of hydroxyl-conmining compounds, etc.
- the acid chosen may be selected from a great number of commercially available fatty acids which include stearic acid, oleic acid, hydroxy stearic acid, bydrogenated fish oil acid, beef fat, tallow, the unsaturated glycerides of various fatty acids or mixtures of the above 1 in any proportion.
- the acids may be used with or without plasticizers such as the polyethylene glycols and the like.
- the thickening agent of the greases of invention consists of a mixture of the magnesium, lithium and sodium soaps of the above mentioned acids.
- the ratio of the three soaps used will vary from about 5 to l to 1 mols of magnesium, lithium and sodium soaps, respectively, to about 1 to 5 to 5 mols.
- the preferred compositions of the invention will contain about one-half molar proportion of lithium and sodium soaps to each mol of magnesium soap.
- the amount of thetotal soap mixture that is utilized in preparing the greases will depend upon the consistency desired in the final product. Ordinarily from about 5.0% by weight to about 30.0% will be used with from 10.0% to 25.0% by weight of the total mixture being especially preferred.
- the lubricating grease compositions of this invention have been found to be compatible with various of the well known additive materials which may be included. There may be blended with these compositions such materials as antioxidants, tackiness agents, color improvers and the like without detracting from the desirable characteristics of the compositions.
- this invention relates to improved magnesium greases which consist essentially of a lubricating oil base stock thickened to a grease consistency with a combination of the magnesium, lithium and sodium soaps of fatty acids.
- the total amount of soap will be dependent upon the consistency desired in the final product but will preferably vary from about 10.0% to about 25.0% by weight based on the weight of the total composition.
- the proportion of the component parts of the total mixture may vary from about 0.5 to 5 mols of lithium and sodium soap per mole of magnesium.
- the preferred embodiment contemplates the use of one mol of lithium soap and one mol of sodium soap for two mols of magnesium soap to thicken to a grease consistency a mineral oil distillate having a viscosity from 35 to 1000 SUS at 100 F.
- the greases are prepared by forming first the magnesium soap, then the lithium soap, and finally the sodium soap in a mineral oil, heating to about 300 F. and then cooled without stirring.
- a lubricating grease composition which consists essentially of a lubricating oil base stock containing combined therein a grease forming amount of a mixture of magnesium, lithium, and sodium soaps of high molecular weight fatty acids, said mixture containing a molar ratio of magnesium to lithium to sodium soaps of from 5:1:1 to 1:5:5.
- composition according to claim 1 wherein the lu- 5 bricating oil has a viscosity at 210 F. within a range of from 35 to 1000 SUS.
- a lubricating grease composition consisting essentially of a mineral lubricating oil base stock thickened to a grease consistency with from about 10.0% to 25.0% by weight of a mixture of soaps comprising about 2 molar proportions of a magnesium soap with about 1 molar proportion of lithium soap and about 1 molar proportion of sodium soap.
- a process for the preparation of lubricating greases which comprises the steps of forming a magnesimn soap in a mineral lubricating oil, then forming a lithium soap and a sodium soap respectively, heating the total mixture to above the transition point of the soaps, adding additional mineral oil, and then cooling the heated mixture.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Description
Filed Dec. 13, 1952 FIGURE-I M9 NuLi HOURS AT 250F.
E r 1c 0. ForsTer Znventor United States atent I MAGNESIUM-LITIilIUM-SODIUM GREASE COMPOSITION Eric" 0. Forster, Hillside, N. 3., assignor to Essa Research and Engineering Company, a corporation of Delaware Application December 13, 1052, Serial No. 325,837
5 Claims. (Cl. 252-40) This invention relates to lubricating grease compositions and particularly to improved magnesium grease compositions which have excellent heat stability properties. More particularly the invention relates to a heat stable magnesium grease composition containing the magnesium, lithium, and sodium soaps of fatty acids.
Magnesium base greases are well known in the art of lubricating grease manufacture. They are characterized by excellent appearance and by their resistance to shear breakdown. It has been found, however, that magnesium base greases are somewhat lacking in stability properties at sustained high temperatures. When utilized for the lubrication of moving metal parts at high temperatures for long periods of time these otherwise excellent lubricants have been found to harden to an undesirable extent and to allow oil to separate. This combination of a tendency to harden and to separate oil is an u-ndersirable one and many attempts have been made to modify magnesium base greases to remove it.
On line of research in this direction has been the in corporation of metallic soaps, such as sodium soaps, potassium soaps and the like. This has not been satisfactory in that while the addition of these soaps decreases the tendency of the magnesium grease to harden, it increases the amount of oil separation under conditions of sustained high temperatures.
It has now been found and forms the object of this invention that the incorporation of minor amounts of both a sodium soap and a lithium soap in a magnesium base" grease results in a composition that has the excellent structure stability and appearance of the magnesium greases of the prior art and in addition removes their tendency to become hard and to separate oil under conditions of sustained high temperature. This combination of properties makes these new grease compositions extremely useful in lubrication applications such as in the sealed bearings of electric motors, railroad anti-friction bearings, and automotive bearings. The compositions of this invention demonstrate a combination of desirable properties which are surprising and unexpected when compared with the results of incorporating either sodium or lithium soaps alone in a magnesium base grease.
The greases of this invention are prepared by thickening to a grease consistency a lubricating oil base stock with a mixture of the magnesium, lithium and sodium soaps of any of the Well known fatty acids familiar to lubricating grease makers. The greases of invention are prepared by the methods of manufacture familiar to the art and no special problems arise in their preparation. Care must be taken only to prepare the most insoluble soap first, followed by the lesser soluble and most soluble soaps in that order.
Briefly, the preparation involves the thorough admixture of. the fatty acids used in a portion of the mineral oil base and the application of heat until a homogeneous mixture is obtained. A slurry or solution of the metallic base usually in the form of hydroxide is then added and 'ice the mixture heated to dehydration. temperatures. On completion of dehydration the total mixture is heated'to about 300 F., the balance of the mineral oil added and the final product cooled without stirring.
The lubricating oil chosen as the base for the grease compositions of this invention may be any of the mineral oil distillates known to the art. It should be remembered that the oil chosen for the grease base should be selected from those which. would perform the lubrication if an oil alone could'be used.- Parafiinic or naphthenic distillates having viscosities within the range of from to 1000 SUS, preferably 40 to 250 SUS at 210 F. may be utilized as the base for these improved magnesium greases. The lubricating oil constituent of these compositions may also be selected from a great number of the synthetic lubricants which are rapidly becoming important in the lubricating art. Exemplary of these synthetic lubes are the long chain esters, esters of dibasic acids such as sebacic and adipic acid esters, polymerized hydrocarbons such as polyolefins, polymerized cracked wax, etc., alkylated aromatics, polyglycols, polyglycol ethers, polyglycol esters, polyglycol ether esters, formals of hydroxyl-conmining compounds, etc.
As was stated above there is nothing critical in the fatty acid used to form the thickeners for these new grease compositions. The acid chosen may be selected from a great number of commercially available fatty acids which include stearic acid, oleic acid, hydroxy stearic acid, bydrogenated fish oil acid, beef fat, tallow, the unsaturated glycerides of various fatty acids or mixtures of the above 1 in any proportion. The acids may be used with or without plasticizers such as the polyethylene glycols and the like.
The thickening agent of the greases of invention consists of a mixture of the magnesium, lithium and sodium soaps of the above mentioned acids. The ratio of the three soaps used will vary from about 5 to l to 1 mols of magnesium, lithium and sodium soaps, respectively, to about 1 to 5 to 5 mols. The preferred compositions of the invention will contain about one-half molar proportion of lithium and sodium soaps to each mol of magnesium soap.
The amount of thetotal soap mixture that is utilized in preparing the greases will depend upon the consistency desired in the final product. Ordinarily from about 5.0% by weight to about 30.0% will be used with from 10.0% to 25.0% by weight of the total mixture being especially preferred.
The instant invention will be more clearly explained by reference to the following representative examples.
EXAMPLE I Formulation Ingredients: Weight percent Hydrogenated fish oil acids 22.00 Magnesium hydroxide 4.15 Lithium hydroxide 0.70 Sodium hydroxide 1.00
Mineral lubricating oil (70 SUS/210'? F.) 72.15
Preparation The total charge of the hydogenated fish oil acids and one-third of the mineral oil were mixed and heated until a homogeneous solution was obtained. An oil slurry of the magnesium hydroxide was then added and the magnesium soap allowed to form. Thereupon an aqueous solution of lithium hydroxide was added and the lithium soap formed. Upon completion of this reaction an aqueous solution of the sodium hydroxide was added and the sodium soap was prepared. The" total mixture was then heated to 240 F. and dehydrated. After all the water was driven off the temperature was raised to 300 F. and the remainder of the mineral oil was added gradually with stirring. Upon completion of the addition of the mineral oil the product was cooled without further stirring.
EXAMPLE II Formulation Ingredients: Weight per cent Hydrogenated fish oil acids 20.00 Magnesium hydroxide 4.15 Lithium hydroxide 1.40
Mineral lubricating oil (70 SUS at 210 F.) 74.45
10 penetrations were again taken.
Preparation This composition was prepared as in Example I except that no magnesium or lithium soaps were formed.
The grease compositions prepared as described above were tested for high temperature stability by placing samples in an oven heated at 250 F. The samples were subjected to this high temperature for 500 hours. At stated intervals during the test period samples were subjected to the micro-penetration test and after 500 hours micro- The samples were also then examined for oil separation and appearance. Results of these tests showing the outstanding advantage of the compositions of invention are set out in Table I below.
TABLE I.-HIGH TEMPERATURE GREASE STABILITY 500 HRS. OVEN TEST AT 250 F.
Preparation This composition was prepared the same as in Example I except that no sodium soap was prepared.
EXAMPLE III Formulation Ingredients: Weight per cent Hydrogenated fish oil acids 20.00 Magnesium hydroxide 4.15 Sodium hydroxide 1.42 Mineral lubricating oil (70 SUS at 210 F.) 74.43
Preparation This composition was prepared as in Example I except that no lithium soap was formed.
EXAMPLE IV Formulation Ingredients: Weight per cent Hydrogenated fish oil acids 20.00 Magnesium hydroxide 8.30 Mineral lubricating oil (70 SUS at 210 F.) 71.70
Preparation This composition was prepared as in Example I except that no lithium or sodium soap was prepared.
EXAMPLE V Formulation Ingredients: Weight per cent Hydrogenated fish oil acids 10.00 Lithium hydroxide 1.40 Mineral lubricating oil (70 SUS at 210 F.) 88.60
Preparation This composition was prepared as in Example I except that no magnesium or sodium soap was formed.
EXAMPLE VI Formulation Ingredients: Weight per cent Hydrogenated fish oil acids 14.00 Sodium hydroxide 2.00
Mineral lubricating oil (70 SUS at 210 F.) 84.00
These results are also shown pictorially in the accompanying drawing. In the drawing the micro-penetration of the samples are plotted against the number of hours subjected to the test temperature. It is graphically shown in the drawing that whereas the composition of invention remained uniformly stable for the duration of the test, the greases of the comparative examples softened to a great extent with subjection to the test temperature.
The lubricating grease compositions of this invention have been found to be compatible with various of the well known additive materials which may be included. There may be blended with these compositions such materials as antioxidants, tackiness agents, color improvers and the like without detracting from the desirable characteristics of the compositions.
To summarize briefly this invention relates to improved magnesium greases which consist essentially of a lubricating oil base stock thickened to a grease consistency with a combination of the magnesium, lithium and sodium soaps of fatty acids. The total amount of soap will be dependent upon the consistency desired in the final product but will preferably vary from about 10.0% to about 25.0% by weight based on the weight of the total composition. The proportion of the component parts of the total mixture may vary from about 0.5 to 5 mols of lithium and sodium soap per mole of magnesium. The preferred embodiment, however, contemplates the use of one mol of lithium soap and one mol of sodium soap for two mols of magnesium soap to thicken to a grease consistency a mineral oil distillate having a viscosity from 35 to 1000 SUS at 100 F. The greases are prepared by forming first the magnesium soap, then the lithium soap, and finally the sodium soap in a mineral oil, heating to about 300 F. and then cooled without stirring.
What is claimed is:
1. A lubricating grease composition which consists essentially of a lubricating oil base stock containing combined therein a grease forming amount of a mixture of magnesium, lithium, and sodium soaps of high molecular weight fatty acids, said mixture containing a molar ratio of magnesium to lithium to sodium soaps of from 5:1:1 to 1:5:5.
2. A composition according to claim 1 wherein there is present from 5.0 to 30.0% by weight of the total soap mixture.
3. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the lu- 5 bricating oil has a viscosity at 210 F. within a range of from 35 to 1000 SUS.
4. A lubricating grease composition consisting essentially of a mineral lubricating oil base stock thickened to a grease consistency with from about 10.0% to 25.0% by weight of a mixture of soaps comprising about 2 molar proportions of a magnesium soap with about 1 molar proportion of lithium soap and about 1 molar proportion of sodium soap.
5. A process for the preparation of lubricating greases which comprises the steps of forming a magnesimn soap in a mineral lubricating oil, then forming a lithium soap and a sodium soap respectively, heating the total mixture to above the transition point of the soaps, adding additional mineral oil, and then cooling the heated mixture.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,293,052 Earle Aug. 18, 1942 2,397,956 Fraser Apr. 9, 1946 2,409,950 Meyer Oct. 22, 1946 2,417,429 McLennan Mar. 18, 1947 10 2,417,431 McLennan Mar. 18, 1947 FOREIGN PATENTS 1,659 Great Britain Mar. 1, 1890
Claims (1)
1. A LUBRICATING GREASE COMPOSITION WHICH CONSISTS ESSENTIALLY OF A LUBRICATING OIL BASE STOCK CONTAINING COMBINED THEREIN A GREASE FORMING AMOUNT OF A MIXTURE OF MAGNESIUM, LITHIUM, AND SODIUM SOAPS OF HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT FATTY ACIDS, SAID MIXTURE CONTAINING A MOLAR RATIO OF MAGNESIUM TO LITHUMN TO SODIUM SOAPS OF FROM 5:1:1 TO 1:5:5.
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2733209A true US2733209A (en) | 1956-01-31 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US2733209D Expired - Lifetime US2733209A (en) | Magnesium-lithium-sodnjm grease |
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| Country | Link |
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| US (1) | US2733209A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6849581B1 (en) * | 1999-03-30 | 2005-02-01 | Bj Services Company | Gelled hydrocarbon compositions and methods for use thereof |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2293052A (en) * | 1940-04-05 | 1942-08-18 | Clarence E Earle | Lubricant containing a lithium compound |
| US2397956A (en) * | 1943-01-15 | 1946-04-09 | Internat Lubricant Corp | Production of lubricants |
| US2409950A (en) * | 1944-08-01 | 1946-10-22 | Foote Mineral Co | Nonaqueous gel |
| US2417431A (en) * | 1945-03-31 | 1947-03-18 | Union Oil Co | Lubricants |
| US2417429A (en) * | 1945-04-16 | 1947-03-18 | Union Oil Co | Complex basic soap greases |
-
0
- US US2733209D patent/US2733209A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2293052A (en) * | 1940-04-05 | 1942-08-18 | Clarence E Earle | Lubricant containing a lithium compound |
| US2397956A (en) * | 1943-01-15 | 1946-04-09 | Internat Lubricant Corp | Production of lubricants |
| US2409950A (en) * | 1944-08-01 | 1946-10-22 | Foote Mineral Co | Nonaqueous gel |
| US2417431A (en) * | 1945-03-31 | 1947-03-18 | Union Oil Co | Lubricants |
| US2417429A (en) * | 1945-04-16 | 1947-03-18 | Union Oil Co | Complex basic soap greases |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6849581B1 (en) * | 1999-03-30 | 2005-02-01 | Bj Services Company | Gelled hydrocarbon compositions and methods for use thereof |
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