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US2710928A - Magnetic control for scale of two devices - Google Patents

Magnetic control for scale of two devices Download PDF

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Publication number
US2710928A
US2710928A US376491A US37649153A US2710928A US 2710928 A US2710928 A US 2710928A US 376491 A US376491 A US 376491A US 37649153 A US37649153 A US 37649153A US 2710928 A US2710928 A US 2710928A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
coils
core
coil
magnetic
state
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US376491A
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English (en)
Inventor
Whitney Gordon Earle
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
International Business Machines Corp
Original Assignee
International Business Machines Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL190134D priority Critical patent/NL190134A/xx
Priority to CA532757A priority patent/CA532757A/en
Application filed by International Business Machines Corp filed Critical International Business Machines Corp
Priority to US376491A priority patent/US2710928A/en
Priority to FR1114337D priority patent/FR1114337A/fr
Priority to GB24273/54A priority patent/GB777850A/en
Priority to DEI9060A priority patent/DE965448C/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2710928A publication Critical patent/US2710928A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
    • H03K3/02—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses
    • H03K3/45—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use, as active elements, of non-linear magnetic or dielectric devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K23/00—Pulse counters comprising counting chains; Frequency dividers comprising counting chains
    • H03K23/76—Pulse counters comprising counting chains; Frequency dividers comprising counting chains using magnetic cores or ferro-electric capacitors

Definitions

  • This invention relates to electromagnetic means for controlling extensive circuit networks and particularly to counters adapted for use in binary logical circuits.
  • the binary system as a means for expressing information has been employed conventionally in the computer art since the simple two conditions of a device operated or not operated may be used to record or register information in coded form.
  • the mechanical movement of relays has been employed for these purposes in what may now be termed slow speed systems while the establishment of circuits through electron streams in various types of electron tubes has been used in the higher speed systems.
  • the trend in development has been toward higher speed operation, smaller and more economical units, reduction of power requirements, elimination of dissipated heat and primarily a total absence of mechanical movement.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a static device of small dimensions which is stable in two states to either one of which it may be driven with a minimum of effort within an extraordinarily short time interval and which requires no power to be held in either state to which it has been driven.
  • magnetic material having a substantially rectangular hysteresis loop is used as the core of a coil.
  • the magnetomotive force produced drives the core to saturation and when the energization of the core is relaxed the field strength of the magnetic material remains practically unchanged. If the field is positive it may be changed to a negative field only by a reverse magnetomotive force sufficient to reach and exceed the knee of the curve. Any reverse magnetomotive force insufiicient to reach this point will have no practical eifect on the point of remanence for one the relaxation of the reversed magnetomotive force the field strength will remain practically at the value established on saturation.
  • magnetic material of this nature has two stable states, and since the change from one to the other may be detected and employed, a coil magnetically interlinked with such a core may be used as a binary element.
  • a feature of the invention is a core of bistable magnetic material having several coils interlinked therewith including two coils in series and oppositely poled for driving the core successively and alternately to its two stable states. It has been found that two such coils designed to produce in the core equal and opposite magnetomotive efifects, deviate from this efiect so that that coil which produces the force to drive the coil from the established to the opposite state overcomes the other and starts a change in state. This has been found to be true in both directions so that a change in state may be induced by a transient energization of two such serially related coils. This is believed to be due to the comparative effective impedance of the two coils due to the state of the core with which they are magnetically interlinked.
  • Another feature of the invention is the use of regenerative means responsive to a change in state of the said magnetic core for amplifying the effect and to thus speed Patented June 14, 1955 'ice the operation. It will be realized that with a substantially rectangular hysteresis loop the change in state is extremely rapid when the applied magnetomotive force is sufiicient to drive the element to the knee of the curve. By the use of regenerative means the magnetomotive force may be fortified with the result that the knee of the curve is more rapidly reached and passed. By way of example, with presently available materials, triggering pulses of as short a time duration as one quarter of a microsecond are suflicient for certain operation.
  • Another feature of the invention is the use of a pair of semi-conductor amplifiers as regenerative means, one for producing the regenerative effect in one direction and another for producing the regenerative effect in the other direction.
  • each is associated with two additional coils magnetically interlinked with the said core. These two coils are poled in the same direction so that when current controlled by the said amplifier flows through both in series their elfects will be added.
  • Elements of the semiconductor amplifier are placed in circuit between the said two coils in a manner whereby the potential levels along this series connection will so affect the said amplifier that it will induce a greater current flow. Thus, if any current flow is induced in this circuit by some outside agency such current flow will trigger a regenerative effect by the said amplifier.
  • Fig. l is an idealized hysteresis loop of the magnetic material used as a core in the device of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of a scale of two device showing the relation of the pulses over the input and the pulses over two output channels;
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram showing the connections of the coils of the magnetic element and the two semi-conductor amplifiers employed for the present purposes;
  • Fig. 4 is a fragmentary circuit diagram showing a part of the circuit of Fig. 3 and used to explain the operation thereof;
  • Fig. 5 is a fragmentary circuit diagram showing an alternative means for triggering the device.
  • a scale of two device is one which gives one output signal for every two input signals.
  • Such devices are known in telecommunication systems as W-Z relay combinations (Clark 1,438,743 and Cesareo 1,751,263).
  • the input and output signals are transient currents
  • Such devices find use in calculating and accounting machines where binary logical operations are employed.
  • Thepresent device is based on the use of a magnetic element which is stable in two states, one in which it is positively energized and the other in which it is negatively energized. In one state it may be said to express binary 0 while in the other it may be said to express binary 1.
  • Such a device is constructed by interconnecting the magnetic circuits of a number of coils with a magnetic element having high retentivity and exhibiting a substantially square hysteresis curve, as illustrated in Fig. 1. Assuming that the magnetic element or core is at the point of remanence a, and that a magnetomotive force in the order of 2H1 is applied thereto, then the strength of the field will be reversed and the curve a b c d e will be traced.
  • a scale of two device may be constructed and arranged as indicated in Fig. 2.
  • a scale of two device is indicated as having a single input A and a pair of outputs B and C, either one or both of which may be usefully employed.
  • FIG. 2 a scale of two device is indicated as having a single input A and a pair of outputs B and C, either one or both of which may be usefully employed.
  • FIG. 2 a scale of two device is indicated as having a single input A and a pair of outputs B and C, either one or both of which may be usefully employed.
  • FIG. 2 Upon the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th input pulses, corresponding pulses will be produced in the output B and upon the 2nd, 4th, 6th and 8th input pulses, corresponding pulses will be produced in the output C.
  • the scale of two device may be constructed as indicated in Fig. 3.
  • a core 1 is interlinked with eight coils 2 to 9 inclusive.
  • Each coil has a dot placed at one end thereof to indicate the polarity of the coil.
  • coils 2 and 3 connected in series between tube 10 and a positive potential are connected to oppose each other.
  • a source of pulses 11 connected to the grid of the tube 10 acts to activate the tube 10 transiently and thus transmit a pulse through the windings 2 and 3. If the core is at the point a, then a pulse in this circuit will produce the result depicted in Fig. 4, that is, the coil 3 will exhibit a weak negative potential whereas the coil 2 will exhibit a strong positive potential. If, on the other hand, the core is at the point of remanence 1, these results will be reversed and the negative potential of the coil 3 will be strong enough to overcome the weak positive potential of coil 2.
  • coil 2 produces a positive magnetizing force tending to change the strength of the field from a over the curve (1 b c z! 0 so that the coil 2 acts as a high impedance load' and a large voltage is induced.
  • the effective impedance of the coil 3 is greater than the effective impedance of the coil 2 due to the state of the core and therefore the coil 2 dissipates a greater power.
  • This collector current will induce a voltage in winding 5, causing the polarity thereof to go negative.
  • the resulting volts per turn of this coil will appear at the base as a negative voltage causing positive feedback. This action will continue until the core is changed from binary 0 to binary 1, whereupon, there being no further change in flux, the induced voltages will be zero and the transistor will return to its static state.
  • two additional coils 8 and 9 in series with diodes 14 and 15 respectively to act as output circuits. Either one or both of these windings may be used to supply the output pulses to acircuit responsive to such pulses such as the device 16.
  • the C circuit from coil 9 may be used as the source of pulses for another scale of two device like Fig. 3, thus building up a counter.
  • Fig. 5 shows an alternative triggering method which operates very satisfactorily in practice.
  • the plate of the tube 17 feeds into two small capacity condensers 18 and 19 and that transistor 20 or 21 which is connected to the coil 22 or 23 respectively which will develop the greatest negative potential will take control and will operate in a manner similar to that above described.
  • An electromagnetic binary device having a core of magnetic material characterized by two equal and opposite stable remanence states interlinked with the magnetic circuits of two equal and oppositely wound coils, a series circuit including said coils, means for transmitting a transient current therethrough, said coils producing equal and opposite magnetic effects responsive to direct current fiow therethrough but unequal and opposite magnetic effects responsive to transient current flow therethrough.
  • a core of bistable magnetic material comprising a pair of equal and oppositely wound coils having their magnetic circuits interlinked with said core, a series circuit including said coils, means for transmitting a transient current therethrough for unequally energizing said coils, and a pair of oppositely acting regenerative means each responsive to a change in state of said core in one direction for fortifying said change of state.
  • a core of bistable magnetic material comprising a pair of equal and oppositely wound coils having. their magnetic circuits interlinked with said core, a series circuit including said coils, means for transmitting a transient current therethrough for unequally energizing said coils, regenerative means for fortifying a change of state started by said triggering means, said regenerative means comprising a pair of coils Wound to produce magnetomotive forces of like direction and having their magnetic circuits interlinked with said core and a semi-conductor amplifier connected in circuit therewith.
  • a core of bistable magnetic material comprising a pair of equal and oppositely Wound coils having their magnetic circuits interlinked with said core, a series circuit including said coils, means for transmitting a transient current therethrough for unequally energizing said coils, regenerative means for fortifying a change of state started by said triggering means, said regenerative means comprising a pair of semi-conductor amplifiers poled in opposite directions each provided with a circuit arrangement including a pair of coils Wound to produce magnetomotive forces of like direction and having their magnetic circuits interlinked with said core, said circuit arrangements each including a said semi-conductor amplifier and said two coils being serially arranged to produce potential levels in said amplifier to produce an increasingly stronger operation thereof.
  • a core of bistable magnetic material comprising a pair of equal and oppositely Wound coils having their magnetic circuits interlinked with said core, a series circuit including said coils, means for transmitting a transient current therethrough for unequally energizing said coils, regenerative means for causing a change of state of said core comprising a pair of coils wound to produce magnetomotive forces of like direction and having their magnetic circuits interlinked with said core and a semi-conductor amplifier connected in circuit therewith, said triggering coils and said regenerative circuit coils being magnetically interlinked for transformer operation by said core and being so poled that a transient trigger pulse in said triggering coils will induce a regenerative current flow in said regenerative circuit coils.
  • An electromagnetic binary device having a bistable core of magnetic material, a coil wound about said core, a semi-conductor amplifier connected in series with said coil for amplifying current flow in said coil and triggering means for enabling said amplifier, said trigger means consisting of an input circuit responsive to incoming pulses and a circuit including a small capacity condenser connected between said input circuit and the junction between said coil and said amplifier.
  • An electromagnetic binary device having a core of magnetic material characterized by two equal and opposite stable remanence states interlinked with the magnetic circuits of two equal and oppositely wound coils, a single circuit including said coils, and means for simultaneously transmitting a transient current therethrough, said coils being unequally responsive to said transient current to change its said state of remanence.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Magnetic Treatment Devices (AREA)
  • Power Conversion In General (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Magnetic Means (AREA)
US376491A 1953-08-25 1953-08-25 Magnetic control for scale of two devices Expired - Lifetime US2710928A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL190134D NL190134A (de) 1953-08-25
CA532757A CA532757A (en) 1953-08-25 Magnetic control for scale of two devices
US376491A US2710928A (en) 1953-08-25 1953-08-25 Magnetic control for scale of two devices
FR1114337D FR1114337A (fr) 1953-08-25 1954-08-03 Compteur binaire à deux positions stables
GB24273/54A GB777850A (en) 1953-08-25 1954-08-20 Improvements in or relating to bistable magnetic devices
DEI9060A DE965448C (de) 1953-08-25 1954-08-25 Impulsfrequenzteiler mit Magnetkernen, insbesondere fuer elektronische Rechenmaschinen

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US376491A US2710928A (en) 1953-08-25 1953-08-25 Magnetic control for scale of two devices

Publications (1)

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US2710928A true US2710928A (en) 1955-06-14

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US376491A Expired - Lifetime US2710928A (en) 1953-08-25 1953-08-25 Magnetic control for scale of two devices

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US (1) US2710928A (de)
CA (1) CA532757A (de)
DE (1) DE965448C (de)
FR (1) FR1114337A (de)
GB (1) GB777850A (de)
NL (1) NL190134A (de)

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2795776A (en) * 1955-06-03 1957-06-11 Burroughs Corp Binary counters
US2802202A (en) * 1955-07-13 1957-08-06 Sperry Rand Corp Gating circuit
US2870268A (en) * 1953-10-12 1959-01-20 George A Rubissow Transistor controlled low level magnetic amplifier
US2876440A (en) * 1955-12-19 1959-03-03 Sperry Rand Corp Pulse stretching amplifiers
US2876438A (en) * 1955-01-20 1959-03-03 Burroughs Corp Regenerative shift register
US2899571A (en) * 1959-08-11 Switching circuit
US2899570A (en) * 1959-08-11 Switching circuit
US2910594A (en) * 1955-02-08 1959-10-27 Ibm Magnetic core building block
US2926339A (en) * 1955-10-28 1960-02-23 Ibm Switching apparatus
US2936384A (en) * 1957-04-12 1960-05-10 Hazeltine Research Inc Six junction transistor signaltranslating system
US2954481A (en) * 1955-03-17 1960-09-27 Sperry Rand Corp Digital multivibrator
US2956174A (en) * 1956-07-31 1960-10-11 Philips Corp Transistor circuit for producing current pulses through a variable impedance
US2962700A (en) * 1955-06-01 1960-11-29 Gen Electric Magnetic counter
US2989591A (en) * 1957-02-23 1961-06-20 Telefunken Gmbh Frequency shift receiver for receiving telegraphy intelligence
US3017084A (en) * 1954-11-26 1962-01-16 Raytheon Co Magnetic core shift register
US3059225A (en) * 1955-12-19 1962-10-16 Ibm Electronic storage and switching circuits
US3084263A (en) * 1954-11-19 1963-04-02 Philips Corp Current switching through an inductive impedance
US3134023A (en) * 1958-04-11 1964-05-19 Ibm Protection of transistor circuits against predictable overloading
US3153778A (en) * 1955-03-18 1964-10-20 Rca Corp Magnetic core binary devices

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2430457A (en) * 1945-09-20 1947-11-11 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Key control sender
US2574438A (en) * 1946-07-03 1951-11-06 Rossi Bruno Computer using magnetic amplifier
US2591406A (en) * 1951-01-19 1952-04-01 Transducer Corp Pulse generating circuits
US2652501A (en) * 1951-07-27 1953-09-15 Gen Electric Binary magnetic system
US2654080A (en) * 1952-06-19 1953-09-29 Transducer Corp Magnetic memory storage circuits and apparatus

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2430457A (en) * 1945-09-20 1947-11-11 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Key control sender
US2574438A (en) * 1946-07-03 1951-11-06 Rossi Bruno Computer using magnetic amplifier
US2591406A (en) * 1951-01-19 1952-04-01 Transducer Corp Pulse generating circuits
US2652501A (en) * 1951-07-27 1953-09-15 Gen Electric Binary magnetic system
US2654080A (en) * 1952-06-19 1953-09-29 Transducer Corp Magnetic memory storage circuits and apparatus

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2899571A (en) * 1959-08-11 Switching circuit
US2899570A (en) * 1959-08-11 Switching circuit
US2870268A (en) * 1953-10-12 1959-01-20 George A Rubissow Transistor controlled low level magnetic amplifier
US3084263A (en) * 1954-11-19 1963-04-02 Philips Corp Current switching through an inductive impedance
US3017084A (en) * 1954-11-26 1962-01-16 Raytheon Co Magnetic core shift register
US2876438A (en) * 1955-01-20 1959-03-03 Burroughs Corp Regenerative shift register
US2910594A (en) * 1955-02-08 1959-10-27 Ibm Magnetic core building block
US2954481A (en) * 1955-03-17 1960-09-27 Sperry Rand Corp Digital multivibrator
US3153778A (en) * 1955-03-18 1964-10-20 Rca Corp Magnetic core binary devices
US2962700A (en) * 1955-06-01 1960-11-29 Gen Electric Magnetic counter
US2795776A (en) * 1955-06-03 1957-06-11 Burroughs Corp Binary counters
US2802202A (en) * 1955-07-13 1957-08-06 Sperry Rand Corp Gating circuit
US2926339A (en) * 1955-10-28 1960-02-23 Ibm Switching apparatus
US3059225A (en) * 1955-12-19 1962-10-16 Ibm Electronic storage and switching circuits
US2876440A (en) * 1955-12-19 1959-03-03 Sperry Rand Corp Pulse stretching amplifiers
US2956174A (en) * 1956-07-31 1960-10-11 Philips Corp Transistor circuit for producing current pulses through a variable impedance
US2989591A (en) * 1957-02-23 1961-06-20 Telefunken Gmbh Frequency shift receiver for receiving telegraphy intelligence
US2936384A (en) * 1957-04-12 1960-05-10 Hazeltine Research Inc Six junction transistor signaltranslating system
US3134023A (en) * 1958-04-11 1964-05-19 Ibm Protection of transistor circuits against predictable overloading

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL190134A (de)
CA532757A (en) 1956-11-06
GB777850A (en) 1957-06-26
DE965448C (de) 1957-06-06
FR1114337A (fr) 1956-04-11

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