US2705974A - Pile wire and process of weaving pile fabrics - Google Patents

Description

P 1955 F. w. E. HOESELBARTH 2,705,974

FILE WIRE AND PROCESS OF WEAVING FILE FABRICS Filed 001:. 25, 1952 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 MUQMQL.

ATTORNEYS April 12, 1955 F. w. E. HOESELBARTH 2,705,974

FILE WIRE AND PROCESS OF WEAVING PILE FABRICS Filed Oct. 25, 1952 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR Franz WE. Hoes-ezari.

April 12, 1955 F. w. E. HOESELBARTH 2,705,974

PILE WIRE AND PROCESS OF WEAVING PILE FABRICS Filed Oct. 23, 1952 I 5 Shets-Sheet 3 INVE NTOR ATTO R N EYS April 1955 F. w. E. HOESELBARTH 2,705,974

PILE WIRE AND PROCESS OF WEAVING PILE FABRICS Filed 001.- 23, .1952

5 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR 'f'ranz m5 lgaeselazf/i ORNEYS April 1955 F. w. E. HOESELBARTH 2,705,974

PILE WIRE AND PROCESS OF WEAVING PILE FABRICS Filed Oct. 23, 1952 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOZ 75%722 144E floas'eia rt ATTORNEYS.

United States Patent PILE WIRE AND PROCESS OF WEAVING PILE FABRICS Frank W. E. Hoeselbarth, Carlisle, Pa., assignor to C. H.

Masland & Sons, Carlisle, Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania Application October 23, 1952, Serial No. 316,453

9 Claims. (Cl. 139--39) The present invention relates to mechanism for weaving pile fabrics and methods of weaving.

The purpose of the invention is to form pile having high and low pile projections in the same transverse row by inserting wires in pairs in the shed, one of the wires being a non-cutting wire having high and low portions along its length within the shed and the other wire being a relatively low cutting wire having a cutter preferably centrally located with respect to the pair of wires in cross section and placed at one end beyond the shed.

A further purpose is to employ a non-cutting wire which is wavy (has high and low portions at different positions along its length within the shed) which is thick at the bottom and thin at the top along with a relatively low cutting wire having a cutter positioned centrally with respect to the loops.

A further purpose is to insert the cutting wire last of the pair and to withdraw the cutting wire first of the an. p A further purpose is to provide a bend at the end of the non-cutting wire away from the cutting wire to avoid interference between the wires.

A further purpose is to insert the cutting and the non-cutting wires from opposite sides and provide the wire heads at opposite sides.

A further purpose is to employ one less cutting wire in the set than the number of non-cutting wires.

Further purposes appear in the specification and in the claims.

In the drawings I have chosen to illustrate a few only of the numerous embodiments in which my invention may appear, selecting the forms shown from the standpoints of convenience in operation, satisfactory illustration and clear demonstration of the principles involved.

Figures 1 to 4 inclusive are standard Warpwise weave step diagrams showing the weaving in accordance with the invention.

Figures 3a and 4a are enlargements respectively of the Weave at the left of Figures 3 and 4 respectively.

Figure 5 is a fragmentary perspective of a wire pair in accordance with the invention, the cutter being high enough to cut all loops.

Figure 5a is a view similar to Figure 5 showing a variation, the cutter being too low to cut high loops but high enough to cut low loops.

Figure 6 is a fragmentary top plan view of a wire pair according to the invention.

Figure 7 is a standard warpwise weave diagram showing the completed weave in accordance with the invention before the wires have been withdrawn.

Figures 8 to 11 inclusive are warpwise diagrammatic views showing pile loops and wires used in successive transverse rows of the fabric, and omitting the backing for convenience.

Describing in illustration but not in limitation and referring to the drawings:

It is desirable for the purpose of appeal to the purchasing public to obtain textured effects in the faces of pile fabrics, especially carpets and rugs, producing high and low pile in the same transverse row, with or without similar pile in adjoining transverse rows.

This can be done by Weaving over non-cutting wires having high and low pile in the same transverse row, and also by weaving over cutting wires of this character. In the case of weaving over cutting wires having high and low portions within the shed, however, where there is a cutter at the remote end, unless adjoining straight Patented Apr. 12, 1955 'ice wires are used in the next transverse row preceding to raise the pile, difiiculty is likely to be encountered because the withdrawing of the wavy cutting wire will pull down only half of a previously cut transverse row adjoining. It is therefore very desirable to be able to employ a wavy wire in the shed and to out without pulling down pile in an adjoining row. This can of course be done by using a wire having a slot in the top and known commonly as an umbrella wire, where the cutter travels along the top of the wire. This is however very inconvenient to construct and operate where the top of the wire is weavy, and it would therefore be desirable to produce this result in some other manner.

In accordance with the present invention, it is possible to obtain a pile formed over a wavy wire (one having high and low portions in the same wire and within the shed) without pulling down an adjoining pile when the wire is withdrawn, and to secure pile which is cut by a cutter on the end of a wire when that wire is withdrawn.

In order to accomplish this result, I insert two wires into each wire shed, the two wires cooperating, one to folrm the contour of the pile and the other to cut the p1 e.

One of the wires has high and low portions at diiferent positions along its length within the shed, while the other wire is relatively low but has a cutter at the remote end. In order that the cut may be centralized with respect to the loop, the wavy wire is desirably made thick at the bottom and thin at the top and the cutter is desirably shaped so that at the top it lies at the center of the longitudinal cross section of the pair of wires.

The wavy wire is desirably inserted first while the cutting wire is inserted last in the shed. On the other hand the cutting wire is withdrawn first while the wavy non-cutting wire remains in place and then the wavy wire is withdrawn afterwards.

While the wires may of course be inserted from the same side, it is preferable to use a double wire motion (one at each side) and insert the respective wires of a pair from opposite sides. Since the cutting wire is inserted last and withdrawn first, this can easily be accomplished by using a wire set in which there is one less cutting wire than the number of wavy non-cutting w1res.

Where the wires are inserted from opposite sides it is desirable to deform the end of the wavy non-cutting wire laterally at a point beyond the shed away from the cutting wire so that there will not be danger of interference with the cutting wire when it is inserted.

The invention is applicable particularly to Wilton carpet (jacquard) weaving, but is also applicable to velvet carpet weaving.

It will be understood that the pairs of wires peculiar to the present invention will in some cases be used throughout the wire set, whereas in other cases high, low, or wavy wires, cutting or non-cutting, will be used in combination with the wire pairs of the invention to make up the wire set.

The weave of the invention may be of any suitable character. Figures 1 to 4 inclusive illustrate a conventional Wilton weave to which the invention has been applied.

In this weave binder warp '70 and 71 are withdrawn from a binder warp beam 72 through a reversing and tensioning device 73. Binder warp 70 is manipulated by binder warp heddle 74 and binder warp 71 is manipulated by binder warp heddle 75. Stulfer warp 77 is taken from stuifer warp beam 76 over tensioning device 73' and is manipulated by stutfer-warp heddle 78. It will be evident of course that any suitable number of stuffer warps may be employed.

Pile warps 80 and 81 are respectively taken from creel frames 82 and 83 and manipulated through lingoe heddles 84 and 85 by any suitable mechanism such as a jacquard to raise and lower the pile warps of the appropriate color at the proper position laterally of the fabric (tensioning devices not shown are used on the ends). While only two pile warps are shown, it will be understood, of course, that any desired number may be employed in multicolor pattern weaving, and that the invention is not limited to any particular number of pile warps of different colors.

A reed is shown at 86.

Starting with the first step in the cycle as shown in Figure 1, binder warp heddle 75, stutter warp heddle 78 and lingoe heddles 84 and 85 are all down, while binder warp heddle 74 is raised half way. A shot of weft 87 is taken under binder warp 70 and over binder warp 71,

over stuifer warp 77 and over pile warps 80 and 81. The beat of reed 86 completes the first step.

The beginning of the second step is shown in Figure 2, the binder warp heddles 7 4 and 75 are reversed, stufier warp heddle 73 is raised half way, lingoe heddle 84 is fully raised as the color pattern may require and lingoe heddle 85 is raised half-way as the color pattern may require. Wires 88 and 88 are inserted under pile warp 80 and above both binder warps, the stutter warp and pile warp 81. A shot of weft 90 is taken under both pile warps, under binder warp 71, under stuffer warp 77 and over binder warp 70 and the lay is beaten up.

At the beginning of the third step, the stuffer warp heddle 78 is brought down, while the binder warp heddles remain in the same position and lingoe heddles 84 and 85 are brought down. A shot of weft 91 is taken under binder warp 71 and over binder warp 70, stutter warp 78 and pile warps 80 and 81. The lay is beaten up.

At the beginning of the fourth step, as shown in Figure 4, binder warp heddles 74 and 75 are reversed, stuifer warp heddle 78 is raised, lingoe heddles 84 are fully raised as the color pattern may require, and lingoe heddles 85 are raised half-way as the color pattern may require. Wires 92 and 92' are inserted beneath pile warp 80 and above pile warp 81, stutter warp 77 and both binder warps, and a shot of weft 93 is taken over binder Warp 71 and beneath both pile warps, stuffer warp 77 and binder warp 70. The lay is beaten up.

The next step begins the next cycle of weaving.

No attempt has been made in Figures 1 to 4 to show the detailed construction of the pair of wires inserted in a particular shed.

Figures 5, 6 and 7 show the wires in more detail. Wire 88 is a non-cutting wire having high portions 94 and low portions 95 along the length within the shed and having no cutter at the end. The wire is preferably as shown comparatively thick at 96 near the bottom and tapering on the side 97 adjoining the other wire to a comparatively thin portion 98 near the top. Wire 92 is similar to wire 88 but the high and low portions are differently placed Weft-wise.

The cutting wire 88' is preferably straight at 100 on the top and low (below the lowest top portions of the wavy wire) so that it will not interfere with the functioning of the wavy wire in holding the loops at different heights along the length of the wavy wire. The cutting wire 88' has a cutter 101 beyond the shed at the end remote from the head of the wire and the cutter is desirably inclined as shown best in Figure 7 so that at the point it lines up with the loops 102 raised over the wavy wire it is centrally located and when pulled will cut the loops at the middle. While the cutter shown is a simple knife, it will be understood that it will if desired be of the commonly used spoon and blade variety as well known.

While both wires may if desired be inserted from the same side, this is not the preferred form. As shown in Figure 6 the two wires are preferably inserted from different wire motions one on each side as well known in double motion wire looms.

Thus wire 88 has a head 103 on one end and at the opposite end is desirably laterally curved or deflected beyond the shed at 104 so as to guide the end of the later inserted cutting wire 88' and prevent interference. Cutting wire 88 has its head 105 at the opposite end and has its cutter 101 located centrally and beyond the shed in the direction of the head 103 of wavy noncutting wire 88.

A weave according to the invention is shown in Figure 7, with the wires still inserted. It will be evident that when the end of the wire set is reached and the point comes for pulling the wires, cutting wire 88' is first withdrawn in the direction of its head and thus cuts all the pile loops which lie over the wavy non-cutting wire 88, since cutter 101 is higher than the top of the wavy wire. After this is done the wavy non-cutting wire 88 is itself readily withdrawn.

The weave of Figure 7 is intended to be a Wilton carpet, in which the pile warp ends 81 are temporarily rejected by the jacquard mechanism. It will however be understood that a velvet carpet weave would have the same appearance in the portion shown.

In order to facilitate the operation of the wire set, with the wavy non-cutting wire inserted first and the cutting wire of the pair inserted last, while the cutting wire is withdrawn first and the wavy non-cutting wire is withdrawn last, it is convenient to employ one less cutting wire in the set than the number of wavy Wires.

In some cases it is desirable to cut only lower loops and in this case the cuter 191 of Figure 5a is made lower than the high portions 94 and higher than the low portions on the wavy wire, so that when the cutting wire is withdrawn first it cuts the low loops only but not the loops above a certain height.

It will be understood of course that wire sets will commonly be made up using pairs of non-cutting wavy wires and low cutting straight wires in accordance with the in vention to form particular transverse rows, while adjoining transverse rows operating on the same or on a different pile warp as desired will be raised in many cases over wires of different characters. To suggest this I show in Figures 8 to 11 pairs of rows of pile, omitting the backing, the pile loops 102 in each case being raised over a pair of wires consisting of a wavy non-cutting wire and a low straight cutting wire, while the next transverse row is raised over a wire of different character. The wire of different character which raises the adjoining transverse row of loops 106 will in some cases as in Figure 8 be a low straight non-cutting wire 107, as in Figure 9 be a high straight non-cutting wire 108, as in Figure 10 be a straight cutting wire 110 and in Figure 11 a wavy non-cutting wire 111. It will be of course understood that wire sets may be made up of combinations of the various wires shown in Figures 8 to 11, with or without wires of other types, such as spoon wires having high non-cutting portions at the end of the wire remote from the head beyond the shed.

In view of my invention and disclosure variations and modifications to meet individual whim or particular need will doubtless become evident to others skilled in the art, to obtain all or part of the benefits of my invention without copying the process and structure shown, and I, therefore, claim all such insofar as they fall within the reasonable spirit and scope of my claims.

Having thus described my invention what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

l. A wire set for pile wire weaving including wires in pairs cooperatively used at a single weaving position comprising a non-cutting wavy wire-having high and low portions within the shed and a relatively low wire having a cutter at the remote end beyond the shed, the cutter height being between the heights of the high and low portions on the wavy wire.

2. A wire set for weaving pile fabrics comprising wires in pairs adapted to be used at the same position in weaving comprising a non-cutting wavy wire having high and low portions at different points along each length within the shed and a relatively low wire having a cutter at the end beyond the shed, the cutter being located at the center of the pair of wires when viewed in cross section and the cutter height being between the heights of the high and low portions on the wavy wires.

3. A wire set adapted to be used for wire weaving comprising wires in pairs adapted to be inserted in a shed at the same position comprising a non-cutting wavy wire which is relatively wide at the bottom, relatively narrow at the top and has high and low portions along its length within the shed and a cooperating relatively low wire which has a cutter at the far end beyond the shed, the cutter having a height between the heights of the high and low portions" of the wavy wires.

4. A pair of cooperating wires side by side and adapted to be inserted in a shed at a particular point in wire weaving comprising a non-cutting wavy wire having high and low portions along its length within the shed and a relatively low wire having a cutter at one end beyond the shed, the cutter height being between the heights of the high and low portions on the wavy wire.

5. A wire set having wires in pairs side by side adapted to be inserted in the shed at the same position, one wire of each pair having the head at one side and the other wire of the pair having the head at the other side, one

wire of each pair having high and low portions along its length within the shed and the other wire of the pair being relatively low and having a cutter at one end beyond the shed, the cutter height being between the heights of the high and low portions.

6. A wire set having wires in pairs side by side adapted to be inserted in the shed at the same position, one wire of each pair having the head at one side and the other wire of the pair having the head at the other side, one of the wires being non-cutting, relatively thick at the bottom and thin at the top and having high and low portions along the length of the wire within the shed and the other wire being relatively low and having a cutter at the end remote from the head beyond the shed, which cutter has a height between the heights of the high and low portions of the wires which have high and low portions along the length of the wire, the cutter at the top being central with respect to the pair of wires when viewed in cross section.

7. The method of weaving a pile fabric using at least one pile warp, at least one binder warp, at least one stutter warp and wefts, which comprises interweaving the pile warp, binder warp and stuffer warp with the wefts, raising the pile warp and forming an upper shed. inserting into the upper shed at the same position a noncutting wire having high and low portions at the top along its length within the shed, and a relatively low wire having a cutter at one end beyond the shed which has a height between the heights of the high and low portions, binding the pile warp by a weft beyond the wires, withdrawing the cutting wire laterally while the non-cutting wire remains in place and thereby cutting the lower portions of the pile, and then withdrawing the non-cutting wire.

8 The method of weaving a pile fabric which comprises interweaving at least one pile warp, at least one binder warp, and at least one stutter warp with wefts, raising the pile warp to form an upper shed, inserting into the upper shed a non-cutting wire having high and low portions at the top along its length within the shed and also at the same position inserting a relatively low cutting wire having a cutter at one end beyond the shed which has a height between the heights of the high and low portions which at the top is central with respect to the pair of wires in cross section, binding the pile warp by a weft beyond the position of the pair of wires, first withdrawing the cutting wire while retaining the noncutting wire in position and thereby cutting the lower portions of the pile projections centrally of their loops, and then withdrawing the non-cutting wire.

9. The method of weaving a pile fabric, which comprises interweaving at least one pile warp, at least one binder warp, at least one stuffer warp and wefts to form a fabric, raising the pile warp to form an upper shed, inserting in the upper shed at the same weaving position a non-cutting wire from one side having high and low portions on the top at difierent positions along its length within the shed and a cutting wire from the other side which is relatively low compared to the non-cutting wire and which has a cutter positioned at the remote end beyond the shed and centrally located with respect to the pair of wires in cross section, binding the pile warp by a weft, continuing the above steps in sequence, inserting successive wires of the set, the number of cutting wires,

being one less than the number of wavy wires in the wire set, first withdrawing the cutting wire of each pair while retaining the non-cutting wire in position and then withdrawing the non-cutting wire of the pair and thereby cutting all of the pile loops formed thereover, the wires being withdrawn in the opposite directions from those in which they were inserted.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 158,202 Cochrane Dec. 29, 1874 1,999,883 Michaelis Apr. 30, 1935 2,477,248 Harding July 26, 1949 2,575,029 Shuttleworth Nov. 13, 1951 2,576,791 Jackson Nov. 27, 1951 2,609,839 Groat Sept. 9, 1952 FOREIGN PATENTS 124,848 France June 14, 1878 467,315 France June 9, 1914 250,673 Belgium Oct. 26, 1912 242,138 Germany Dec. 23, 1911

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