US2612675A - Method of erecting concrete structures - Google Patents

Description

Oct. 7, 1952 w. E. wREAD METHOD OF' ERECTING CONCRETE STRUCTURES `2 SHEETS--SHEET l Filed Dec. 27, 1948 I INVENToR. MLA/AME'. PWQEAD,

BY Oft/M +14 rroe/VEY.

` Oct. 7, 1952 w. E. wREAD 2,612,675

METHOD OF' ERECTING CONCRETE STRUCTURES Filed D80. 27, 1948 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2 n Patented Oct. 7, 1952 METHOD oFfEREC'rI-NG GoNcRfrz'rnv l 'STRUCTURES William E. Wread, Los Angeles,:Calif. l Application `December 27, IMS, Serial No. vr67,282

My `inventionl relates to the .art of building concrete structures and .particularly :to thebuilding of concrete :structures reinforced ywith .structural steel rods and `other elements.

Such lreinforced concrete structures are vvery widenuse fbeoause. of the great variety .of forms which may be constructed wholly or in part of this material, but .hashitherto been subject to the disadvantage that a :large Wastage of lumber was'involved in their construction.

In erecting buildings, bridges, culverts or pipes,

.2 Claims. (GL 25-:154

-:Still :another :object .of my. invention is to provide .improved methods of erecting concrete structures such as Walls, oors and tubular .structures withrapidity and accuracy.

'Yet .another .object .of my invention is to provide :a novel method of .constructing forms for concrete construction without the use of nails by :the use of which method any lumber or other .or other structures, orms'made from Wood are.

rst shaped and arranged :to -dei'lneinner :and outer surfaces of Walls, arches and the like,yrein forcing steel rods and .other elements being put 'in rplace in the form.v and the' .concrete ythen poured into the 'form and allowed to set after which the forms are removed andreusedior another portion of the `structure or if there was no further 'use `for `them were scrapped, since very iew'identical structures .are lerected, especially within a short period which would justify the expense offstoring the formsz'or further use.

I t is the particular lpurpose of my invention tov l reduce to a minimumzthe Wastage tof lumber inv cidental to the erection of reinforced concrete buildings by the provision :of ydemountable Wooden forms'iitted with.: metal clamping members.

.An important object of my invention is to provide a novel method using wooden forms in form-L ing concrete structures .and `which forms may be y* wholly or vin part reused .indenitely, .any parts necessarily destroyed in .one use being readily vreplaced for a further .use .of the forms.

A further ,object of my invention is to provide Va novel method for `rapidly and accurately erecting'wooden forms by the use :of a plurality of steel spacing elements utilized to locate Vthe reinforcing rods in the forms, the forms being freed from the .spacer elements after the concrete has set` and dismantled for further use While 'the spacer elements are .left yembedded inthe ccm-` crete.

It is a still further object of my invention to provide a novel method for producing tubular vstructures of reinforced concrete -such vas storm drains, culverts vand. .the like including boards held in position to provide inner and outer'forms held by vinner removable rings and outer removable straps against a hooplike `spacing vmember left embedded in theconcrete and permanently secured, to a longitudinally extending base, While the inner and outer form boards and straps may be dismantled forreuse.

:surface-.defining elementsand metal members :used to hold the forms in assembled "position, are nottnarred '.orin. :anyway injured by repeated use.

Another object of-my invention is to provide la Anovel method ofbuilding concrete structures of extendedV length, :such .as pipes andconduits, by

Whichthealignment :oftheconduit along its pre-4 determined c'ourse, Whether straight or not, is greatlyfacilitated.

A still further object .of .my invention 1s to provide a novel method .of constructing forms for use in `building reinforced concrete structures by which the reinforcing steel rods are positively `held in position 'Without the .necessity of Wiring the rods in position, thus greatly reducing the time of :setting up the forms and reinforcement preparatory to pouring the concrete, as compared to the procedures in use hitherto.

Another-'object of my invention is to provide a novel method Aof constructing reinforced concrete' structures :by which the time of erection of v"the .structure is :reduced together With the cost of material used in the forms and the necessity of employing expensive labor in the placing and securing in position .of the reinforcement rods is avoided.

Other objects, advantages and features of invention may appear from the accompanying drawing; the .subjoined detail description, and the lappended claims.

The accompanying drawings illustrate the invention in the form I at present deem preferable.

Fig. l'is va sidevelevation in Which forms in carrying .outmy invention are arranged to produce drains kandthe like.

Fig, 2 is a .cross-section on the line 2-2 of Fig.. 1.

Fig. 3 is a cross-.section on the line 3 3 of Fig. .2.

Fig. 4 is a detail view of an outside removable member :shown 4in Figs. l and 2 in assembled relation. 'I

lFigfdisa detail view of .an inside removable member. shown in Fig. 2 in assembled relation.

Fig. 6 is a detail view 0f a skeleton ring member left embedded in the structures shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

Fig. 'I is a section through a modified form construction used for constructing culvertsl and the I ,like and particularly applicable'to the construction of relatively small diameter structures.

Fig. 8 is a Vdetail view in elevation of a structural reinforcement memberutilizedin vthe construction shown infFig. 7 and left embedded in the structure. l

Fig. 9 is a fragmentary detail in section showother abutment. A tightening' member 98 having 1'0" ing one way of forming an .expansion joint in a length of conduit utilizing elements of myvnovel form construction.

The reusable forms of my invention are characterized by the use of planks or boards conmembers, some of which may be left in a conipleted portion of the structure but which may be readily replaced by newV and inexpensive parts in order to put the form in condition for .use in forming a further portion of the same or another structure.

In. Figs. l through 6 Iillustrate the application of the forms of4 my invention to the production longitudinally'extending sub-base B serving as a permanent anchorage for the hoop members left embedded inthe concrete.

' nected together and also spaced by iron orvsteel crete is poured. The inner wall 92 of the form is lbuilt up between an expansible ring'S and inner member 84 of hoop spacer H. Ring 94 is formed as a metal strap bent into a hoop, abutl ments 98a, 96D being welded to the ends of the strip. Holes are drilled longitudinally in the abutments and'threaded with a left hand thread in one abutment and a right hand thread in the vabody 98a drilled for operation by a tommy bar, is provided with oppositely extending stems threaded one with a right and the other with a left hand thread engaging with the threaded bores inthe abutments, the arrangement being s uch that when body 98a is turned in one direction the ends of the hoopv are drawn togetherand its diameter decreased while when the bod d8a is turned in the opposite direction the diame ter of the hoop is increased and the boards 92 are clamped firmly against inner member 84 of hoop spacer H. If additional force is required to hold the inner and outer forms against the spacing Sii -. Ycross, section.

The sub-base B is poured in the ordinary manner to provide a thick slab reinforced with-longitudinal rods 18 and short vertical rods 8d projecting upwardly therefrom and with later-ally projecting .spaced bolts 82, thebolts preferably being provided with' anchor plates 82a. When a length of the sub-.base B has sufficiently set .hoop members 'H are placed in position. Mem- '.bers H are built up from an inner continuous hoop 84 of` strip material and an outer member '86 with its ends formed as downwardly projecting securing lugsBa provided with openings therein. The members 3B and 86 are spaced-` apart by spacers which may be formed asav pluo rality of circumferentially spaced plates 81 welded to the members Stand 85. The hoop members H are secured in vertical position at spaced intervals by passing the holes in ears 86a over the projecting ends of bolts 82, then positioning the bottom length of an outside form built up of lengths of board or plank 86h and then securing y an outer hoop member 83 by apertured lugs 88a on the ends of bolts 82 and finally clamping the assembly together by nuts 82a.

The hoop members may be `held in spaced parallelV planes by longitudinal reinforcing steel rods 9i which may be spot welded to spacer plates Si or otherwise secured thereto and circumferential reinforcing rods Sla may be then put in place. Rods Sid are bent to circular shape with their ends bent outwardly so as to be embedded in the upper layer of base B when the cement is poured. i Y

The outer hoop is, of course, concentric with the outer memberof hoop Hand the planks 86h forming the outer wall of the form are positioned therebetween. A gap 9B is left extendinglongitudinally along the top through which the con-` course, plugged up.

When building the tubular structure in suc member I-I, radially arranged bolts .|00 maybe used. The bolts 108 are fitted inv holes drilled through. the above described members ofthe form structure after the form has been assembled,

and the nuts Itla tightened up to securelyv hold Ythe form members together. .After the concrete `has suiiiciently set.' the` nuts |0011 are removed and the bolts knocked out. To aid in removing the bolts they may be' givenk a slightly tapered After removal of the forms the holes left by the bolts inthe cessive lengths the openend of the mold will-,fof course, be closed'by temporary shuttering lofany .suitable form.

In Fig. '7l a form construction is shown which is particularly designed to the formation of tubu- A lar structures of small diameter, forfinstance, of

about one foot, which could not be formed with the expanding ring construction vshown in Figfz in reasonable lengths for each pouring ofthe cement since it would be impossible to reach an operate the expanding rings.

In place of removable inner tensioning hoops vand removable planks I utilize precast pipes 289 to denne the inner wall of the reinforced conduit but utilize preformed reinforcing members HB to reinforce the conduit. Each member HB comprises an inner ring.l84 and an outerfhoop I 85 spaced in concentric or other relation by spacers'v i8? which may be welded in place between the inner and outer members.

The outer hoop member is provided with'delpending apertured lugs spaced apart by a strut E99 to hold the lugs spaced apart a predetermined distance.

A supporting and locating concrete base is rst laid along the line on which the structure is to be built, the width of they basebeing such that the vlugs fit snugly over it. Bolts 18E! with their heads embedded in the concrete base with their. threaded ends projecting upwardly therefrom, and holes are kformed in strut 199 fitting over the bolts and the hoop reinforcing members are secured in place by nuts threaded on the bolts and tightened, up against the struts- 99. Other straps, similar in arrangement to hoop 88 in Fig. 2, are then threaded on studs ,182 projecting from the sides of the base and passing through the lugs ofV hoop 86. vThe hoops are spaced by the bottomboards ,ofthe outer forno laid between ythe lugs and the: proconcrete are, of

jecting ends of the straps and when nuts |8A2a are tightened up, stable guides will be formed between which the boards deiining the outer surface of the form may be slipped. After concrete has been poured and set, the outer straps and boards may be readily removed for re-use. Y

It will be noted that the construction `described for forming conduits provides a self-aligning structure once the base has been laid since the preformed reinforcing members and form members accurately assume their proper positions without the need for elaborate lining up as is usual practice. It is, of course, not necessary that the base should follow a straight line either horizontally or vertically since the form boards may be butted together at an angle in consecutive lengths of conduit and will still provide a satisfactory support or form for the concrete. Considerable local variation in the level ofthe conduit base and the level of the conduit is permitted by packing up the hoop member from the base and then tightening up the nuts |80a, when concrete is poured the concrete will form additional thickness of base at such low points. The usual practice of carefully levelling the ground preparatory to laying conduit is greatly simplified by my method of construction.

I may wish to provide expansion joints Where extended lengths of conduit is laid above ground in areas such as deserts in which an extreme range of temperature is encountered. While various forms of joint may be utilized, the construction -shown in Fig. 9 incorporates advantageously the elements illustrated in Figs. '1

through 6. A bell mouth |02 is formed yby the use of a member |04 of larger diameter than,

ybut of similar construction to member H. `To

member |04 is secured a stamped annular metal packing piece |05 which extends across the edge of the bell and provides a tapered packing retainer holding water tight packing |06. The packing is put under pressure by a follower ring tightened by bolts |01 embedded in the edge of the bell and passing through holes in the follower ring and nuts threaded on said bolts bearing against said ring.

It will be evident that the forms or shuttering of my invention may be erected, concrete poured and set, the forms removed and with new spacers may be re-used indefinitely so that culverts and the like may be built section by section with a minimum wastage of parts and with no loss inl hoop-like spacers along said base and securing,l

the same to said retaining members;v securing longitudinal and circumferential reinforcing rods in position relatively to said spacers; placing external retaining bands around but spaced from f said spacers and securing the same to the rea taining members, positioning outside planking between said retaining bands and hoop-like spacers; positioning expansible inside hoop members within said hoop-like spacers, positioning inside planking betweenv the expansible hoops and hoop-like spacers, then iilling the space between said outer and inner plankng with concrete and then removing the planking, external `bands and expansible hoops for re-use, leaving the hoop-like spacers embedded in the concrete ments to said base, arranging reinforcing elements longitudinally between the inner and outer elements of the hoop-like members and at spaced intervals therearound, fitting outer straps around but spaced from the outer members of the hoop-like elements and temporarily attaching the ends of said straps to the sides of the base, positioning outer form boards between said straps and hoop-like members, placing extensible diameter rings in contracted condition within and spaced from the inner members of the hoop-like elements; positioning boards in contact with one another between said expansible rings and the hoop-like member to form an inner form face and expanding said rings to firmly hold the boards in position, then .pouring concrete between the said inner and outer form boards, and then removing said straps, contracting and removing said expansible rings and the n outer and inner form boards for re-use.

WILLIAM E. WREAD.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the Number Name Date 723,307 Reno Mar. 24, 1903 745,585 Ferguson Dec. 1, 1903 953,722 Taylor Apr. 5, 1910 1,043,193 Beery Nov. 5,r 1912 1,236,795 Watson Aug. 14, 1917 1,237,999 Burnett Aug. 21, 1917 1,554,658 Rice Sept. 22, 1925 1,779,908 Graziano Oct. 28, 1930 1,788,200 Molin et al. `Jan. 6,1931 1,843,334 McGrath Feb. 2, 1932 1,910,594 De La Mare May 23, 1933 2,251,775 Arrighini Aug. `5, 1941 2,313,880 Leggett, S1'. Mar. 16, 1943 2,387,445 Herring Oct. 23, 1945

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