US2512319A - Combustion apparatus for furnaces - Google Patents

Description

June 20, 1950 w. FERGUSON COMBUSTION APPARATUS FOR FURNACES 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Dec. 1, 1947 FIG. 3

JNVENTOR. WILLIAM FERGUSON -6THLQ, 1%?

ATTORNEY.

w. FERGUSON COMBUSTION APPARATUS FOR FURNACES June 20, 1950 Filed Dec. 1, 1947 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 FIG. 2

FIG.4

FIG.6

RM H 0 T S N N U R E G O w n I E A Patented June 20, 1950 OFFICE.

COMBUSTION ArrARArus FOR FURNACES; willi'am ferguson, Philadelphia, gPai, assigznor to National .Airoil Burner Company, Incorporated,

Philadelphia, Pa a corpprationof Delaware Application December 1, 1947, Serial No."i"89}1 1 .7 Claims, (01'. M.

This invention relates to 'furnaces, and more particularly to improvements in furnaces and burners therefor.

It has heretoforebeen proposed to provide center and single wall tip-draft heaters, par ticularly for use in petroleum refinery processes, and in other heating processes where a substantial portion of the fuel heat is to be absorbed from flame radiation, 1

These furnaces have heretoiorebeen fired by gas burners directed upwardly. The. gas burners were not, however, readily removable for inspection and repair while the furnace was in op-. eration.

No satisfactory provision has heretofore been made for the use of oil .fuel firing heaters of this type. i

It is desirable, in modern refinery practice, that provisions lee-made in the iurnacetosatisfactoril-y burn liquid or gaseous fuel, as desired. d

It is the principal object,- therefore, of the present invention to pro-vide a furnace and burners therefor which are suitable for the cornbustion of gaseous iuel-or oil, as desired.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide an improved furnace and burner construction for burning gaseous fuel or .oil and in which substantially the same flarne .pattern may be providedwitheither type of fuel.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide an-improved furnace and burner construction with provisions for burning gaseous fuel or oil, as desired, and in which operation with either of the :tuels may be effected, as

desired, without damage or injury to either burner.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide animproved furnace and burner construction in which a plurality of burners are provided for combustion of oilzand-gaseous fuel in which the burners are arranged in series to insure a better character of combustion, as well as stable ignition over a wide range of capacity.

.It is a further object of the present invention to provide an improved furnace and humor construction with provisions for pairs ofburners, one of each pair toroil and one of 1 each pair for gas fuel, and in which eitheraburner of the pair may be withdrawn ior'i-nspection-and repair while theother burner is "in operation.

It is a further objectof the present invention to provide an improved furnace and; burner construction with provisions for burning gaseous fuel and oil, as desired, and in which the burner housing is protected against overheating.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide an improved furnace an'diburner construction in which a plurality of refractory throats are provided in series. for accommodatingbur-ners-for-oil andl-gasfuel andlin which the s areas-ref, the throatsrcorrespond with the (optimum flame cross-section.

Other :objeots and ,::advantageous features of the 'inventionwi'llbe apparent "from therspecb fication.

The-nature and rcharacteristic features or the inventionfwill be more. readily understood from the @OHOWi'Il'g description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings formingwpart hereolflinwhicha Figure 1 :15 a. vertical sectional view through a ifu rnalcewin accordance .WiilhwiJhE present in vention, and nillustratingwthe construction, ,1 arrangement of thehumers for oil and for gaseous fuel;

:Fig. 12 is :a sectional view taken approximately on the Iline -2--2 0f Fig.1:

Fig.3;i-s'ap1an View of onset the-burner ele ments employed [connection 'withthe present in-vention;

Fig. 4 is a top plan view, enlarged, or a portion of another of the burner elements employed ri'Ilrl'JfOHllfi'OtiOl'l with the present invention;

, r Fig. '5 is a front view, partly in elevationand partly in verticalsection, of the burner element shownii-n :Fig. 4a; and

Fig, -6 is s rverticalsectional view taken approximately on the time 6 6 'of Fig. 5.

It wish-amid, oi-coursegbe understood that the description :an mdrawinss herein are illustrative merely, and: that, various "modifications and changes :may in the structure disclosed without iqdeparting Ji'rom; the spirit of the invention.

Similar numerals refer to similar parts throughoutthe several views.

Referring now more particularlyto the drawingsyin-tvhich a preterred embodiment of the invention is illustrated, a furnace is showninp'art which includes :avertical front wall 1 0, and a verticaliwall H pahailelltolthe front wall Ill. The wall ll 'maybe the side-or rearrwall or the center wall :of :an :updra-ftiheater 'or furnace of conven- ="tional typei One *of thevertical end walls is illustrated at .1 2. The 'walls H], H and 12 are of suitable refractorymaterial. The lowermost tube :of a series of tubesito beheate'd is shown at '9.

The furnace is supported upon :a foundation or horizontal floor 13 and spaced upwardly therefromwhorizontal walls and 15 are provided. In thespacelbetween thenfl'oor I 31and'the wall I, and extending ,rfiorwardly .irom the wall I l a plurality of spaced wertica-l wallsi l 6 are provided, the passageways therehetween constituting lower air duets?! El, foripui'poses to'rbe explained.

lSimiiar-lygintheIspace between'the wall 14 and thefiwal-l 15Aanol-extending forwardly :from the wall hl-saplura'litya'of spaced vertical walls l8 are providedmthe passageways therebetwe'en constituting upper: air ducts ill, .for purposes to be explained. Spaced forwardly from the front wall ID, a front wall plate 20 is provided in which adjustable lower air doors 2! are carried for regulating the supply of air to the lower air ducts l1 and adjustable upper air doors 22 are carried for regulating the supply of air to the upper airducts IS.

The furnace is provided, in accordance with its size, with a plurality of pairs of upper and lower air ducts l9 and I! between theend walls thereof, although for purposes of explanation only two pairs of ducts have been illustrated.

The horizontal wall 14 is provided at the wall I I with lower burner blocks 25 of refractory material, supported by the wall l4 and the wall ll, one burner block 25 being employed for each air duct I1. Each of the burner blocks 25 has a central opening or throat 26. The openings or throats 26, as illustrated in Fig. 1, are inclined from the vertical, preferably at an angle of the order of 10 degrees with} respect to the wall H and are flaring, as illustrated in Fig. '2, from the lowerto the upper ends thereof to provide a flaring flame pattern.

Upper burner blocks 21 are also provided of refractory material, in the wall i at the Wall H and are supported by the walls I I, I5 and I8, one

' block 21 being provided for each air duct l9.

Each of the upper burner blocks 21 also has a central opening or throat 28 at the same inclination as the opening 26 and alined therewith, and flaring, as indicated in Fig. 2, with the side margins of the openings or throats '28 substantially in alinement with the corresponding margins of the openings or throats 26 of the lower burner blocks 25.

An oil burner element 30 is provided for each of the lower ducts Hand is removably mounted therein. Each of the oil burner elements includes an oil supply pipe 3!, connected to anysuitable supply of oil to be fired and to a manifold 32, a control valve 33 being provided in the supply pipe 3! for controlling the quantity of oil supplied.

A fluid connection 34 is provided, connected to a suitable source of atomizing fluid such as steam or air under pressure and to the manifold 32. A control valve 35 is provided in the fluid connection 34 for controlling the quantity of atomizing fluid. The manifold 32 has a bypass valve 36 therein. The 'manifoldhas an. oil delivery pipe 31 and an atomizing fluid delivery pipe 38 connected thereto, the other terminal ends of the pipes 31 and 38 being-connected by swivel joints to an atomizing .The pipes :3! and: 38 .are preferably secured to suitable supports'fll and 42 which are slidable in channels 43in eachof the ducts H. The support.42 is preferably provided with an upwardly extending plate Min which is carried a threaded adjusting rod'45. The rod 45 has a collar 46 in engagement with-the nozzle 40 and nuts 41 on .therod 46 permit ofadjustment of the inclination-of the nozzle 40.- I

The nozzle-140 is ,preferably adjusted to the desired angle of inclination and in conformity -with the inclination-of the openings or throats 26 and 28 inzthe lower. and upper-burner blocks 25 and 21 and is centered with respect thereto.

A front cover plate 55 is provided, preferably removably mountedon the front wall plate 20 for permitting the withdrawal of the burner element 3!] as desired'and as hereinafter explained. ,A,gas burner'element 55 is provided for each of ,the upper cair ducts l9. The burner element 55 is preferably:aninspirating gas burner of the 4 conventional Venturi type and in which from 40 to percent of the total air for combustion of the gas, depending on the gas pressure, is drawn into the Venturi section 56.

A gas supply pipe 51 is provided, connected to the Venturi section 56 at one end, an air inlet I adjusting plate 58 being mounted on the Venturi section 56. The plate 58 is adapted to be positioned to determine the quantity of air admitted to the Venturisection 56 by a threaded rod 59 carried in a plate 50 mounted on the pipe 51 outside the wall plate 20 and rotated by a handle 6|. A handle 52 is also mounted on the pipe 51 for positioning the burner element 55 in the duct l9.

The Venturi section 55 has connected to the other end a pipe nipple 65, of a length in accordance with the particularfurnace, and on the outer end of the nipple 65 a manifold burner casing 66 is mounted and supported. The manifold burner casing 55 is provided with an upper wall 61 in which a plurality of main circular ports or orifices 58 are provided, the orifices 58 preferably being alined in one plane and also being disposed at an inclination to provide an approximately flat sheet of flame. Adjacent the ports or orifices 68 a plurality of smaller ports 69 are provided to'emit and direct suflicient of the gasair mixture at a lower velocity against the gas discharged through theopenings 68 for insuring ignition.

The exterior of the casing 66 and particularly the top wall 6'? thereof is preferably provided with a coating of refractory heat insulating plastic material 53, in suitable recesses in the upper face of the top wall 67, to prevent overheating of the casing 65. The casing 56 is also provided with a vertical wall 64 having a boss m for the reception of a mounting stud H in engagement with a boss 12 on a vertically disposed manifold burner shield 13. The exposed surface of the shield 13 is recessed and is provided with refractory insulating material M for screening the manifold casing 66 from excessive heat radiation, as hereinafter explained.

The burner element 55 is supported by spaced supports 15 in engagement therewith, which are adapted to slide upon a channel 16 on the lower wall of the duct Q9. The burner element 55 is adapted to be positioned by movement thereof by the handle 62 to a position with the openings '68 in alinement with and centrally at the throat 2B, or withdrawn to a position indicated in broken lines in Fig. l, in which the burner casing 66 is protected by the shield 73 which substantially closes the duct IS.

The mode of operation will now be pointed out.

When it is desired to supply heat to the furnace and particularly for heating the wall H for emitting radiant heat either of the burner units 30 or 55 of each pair may be employed. If it is desired to utilize oilfor fuel, the burner unit 35 is positioned as indicated in Fig. l and the gas burner unit 55 is withdrawn so that the casing 65 is in the position indicated in broken lines. Oil supplied through the pipe 3! and atomizing fluid supplied through the pipe 34 are delivered to the nozzle 50 for discharge therefrom in a flat pattern. A part or all of the air required for combustion may be introduced through the lower duct I? by suitable adjustment of the door 2! and, if desired, a part of the air for combustion may be supplied through the duct H? as determined by the positioning of the door 22. The

air-entering the furnace through the duct 19 mixes with the advancing stream passing from the throat 26 to the throat Z8 and in so doing aids in cooling the casing 66 which is protected from the heating effect of the radiant heat by the shield 13. If at any time it is desired to purge the oil in the pipe 31 this may be done by closing the valve 33 and opening the valve 36 to pass the atomizing fluid through the pipe 3'1.

If, on the other hand, it is desired to heat the furnace with gas fuel, the burner unit 65 is positioned as indicated in Fig. l with the openings 68 at the proper positions with respect. to the throat 28. Gas supplied from the pipe 51 is delivered to the Venturi section 5 where air is inspirated in accordance with the positioning of the plate 56 and mixed with the gas for delivery through the nipple 65 to the casing The flame from the gas-air mixture discharged through the openings 68, passes upwardly through the throat 28. Air is dmitted through the duct IS in accordance with the positioning of the door 22 for supplying the additional air as required for combustion of the gas-air mixture.

If desired, also, air may be admitted through the duct II, as determined by the positioning of the door 2i, for additional cooling of the easing 66 and for aiding in the completion of combustion of the gas-air mixture.

It will be noted that either of the burner elements 30 or 55 may be employed, as desired, without damage by heat to the burner element which is not in use. At the same time adequate provision is made for the introduction of air for combustion, which air may also be utilized for cooling the casing 66 of the burner element 55. At the same time the flame pattern from either of the burners is accommodated and directed at the desired inclination.

I claim: I

1. In a furnace, spaced Walls at the lower portion of the furnace providing a plurality of horizontally disposed air ducts in vertical pairs, members for controlling the delivery of air into each of said ducts, burner blocks at the inner ends of said ducts having throat portions in alinement, a fuel burner mounted in one of said ducts of each pair and having a discharge portion for alinement with one of throat portions, the other of the ducts of each pair being adapted to receive another fuel burner, and said other fuel burner having a discharge portion for alinement with the other of said throat portions.

2. In a furnace, spaced Walls at the lower portion of the furnace providing a plurality of air ducts in pairs, members for controlling the delivery of air into each of said ducts, burner blocks at the inner ends of said ducts having throat portions in alinement, a fuel burner retractably mounted in one of the ducts of a pair and having a discharge portion for alinement with one of said throat portions, the other of said air ducts of each pair being adapted to receive another retractable fuel burner, and said other fuel burner having a discharge portion for alinement with the other of said throat portions.

3. Inafurnace,spacedwalls at the lower portion of said furnace providing a plurality of horizontally disposed air ducts in vertical pairs, members for controlling the delivery of air into each of said ducts, vertically spaced burner blocks at the inner ends of each of said ducts, said burner blocks of each pair having throat portions in alinement and at an inclination with respect to the vertical, 9. burner in one of the ducts of each pair having a, discharge portion for alinement with one of said throat portions, the other of said ducts of each pair being adapted to receive another fuel burner, and said other fuel burner having a discharge portion for alinement with the other of said throat portions.

4. In a furnace, spaced walls at the lower portion of the furnace providing a plurality of horizontally disposed air ducts in vertical pairs, members for controlling the delivery of air into each or said ducts, a burner in the lower of the ducts of each pair, and means for controlling the flame pattern from said burner including burner blocks for each of said air ducts vertically spaced in each pair, the upper of said ai ducts being adapted to receive another fuel burner, said other fuel burner having a discharge portion for alinement with said throat portions.

5. In a furnace, spaced walls at the lower portion of the furnace providing a plurality of horizontally disposed air ducts in vertical pairs, members for controlling the delivery of air into each of said ducts, a fuel burner retractably mounted in one of said ducts of each pair, the other of the air ducts being adapted to receive another fuel burner, and means for controlling the flame pattern from said burners including vertically spaced burner blocks for each of said air ducts having spaced throats, said throats having substantially alined flaring marginal walls.

6. In a furnace, spaced walls at the lower portion of the furnace providing a plurality of horizontally disposed air ducts in vertical pairs, members for controlling the delivery of air into said ducts, a fuel burner retractably mounted in one of said ducts of each pair, the other of said ducts of each pair being adapted to receive another fuel burner, and means for controlling the flame pattern from said burners including spaced burner blocks for each of said air ducts, said burner blocks having throats in alinement and at an inclination with respect to the vertical and with substantially alined flaring marginal walls.

7. In a furnace, spaced walls at the lower portion of the furnace providing a plurality of horizontally disposed air ducts in vertical pairs, members for controlling the delivery of air into each of said ducts, burner blocks at the inner ends of said ducts having throat portions in alinement, a burner retractably mounted in one of said ducts of each pair and having a discharge portion for alinement with one of said throat portions, the other of the ducts of each pair being adapted to receive another retractable fuel burner, said other fuel burner having a discharge portion for alinement with another of said throat portions, and one of said fuel burners having a shielded end portion for substantially closing the duct in which it is disposed in retracted position.

WILLIAM FERGUSON.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,447,337 Bitgood Mar. 6, 1923 1,565,048 Bitgood Dec. 8, 1925 1,622,595 Lewis, et al Mar, 29, 1927 1,743,129 Gilbert Jan. 14, 1930 1,917,068 Scott July 4, 1933 1,995,723 Van Denberg Mar. 26, 1935 2,076,854 Mekler Apr. 13, 937 2,221,469 Brandt Nov. 12, 1940

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