US2460052A - Lined container - Google Patents

Description

Jan. 25, 1949. N. E. WERNER LINED CONTAINER Filed Jan. l, 1943 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR. Zffzf N. E. WERNER LINED CONTAINER Jan. 2.5, 1949:

Filed' Jan. 1, ,13'945 N. E. WERNER LINED CONTAINER Jan. 25, 1949.l

5 Sheets-Sheet 3 r. lill al..

Filed Jan. l, 1943 Jan. 25, 1949. N. E, WERNER 2,460,052

LINED CONTAINER 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 n ,INVENTOIL ifdef/zer Jan. 25, 1949. NQE. WERNER 2,460,052

LINED CONTAINER Filed Jan. 1, 194s 5 sheets-sheet 5 I V EN TOR. U/Ves/ /VZ//effzef A Patented Jan. 25, 1949 UNITEDSTATS PATENT QFFICE 2,460,052 LINEEV CONTAINER Nels E. Werner, Detroit, Mich., assignor to Bigelow-Liptak Corporation, Detroit, Mich., a corporation of Michigan Application January 1, 1943, Serial No. 470,992

7 Claims. 1

The present invention relates to improved and novel manners of protecting the metal or steel shell of a vessel, pipe or the like from the elects of overheating and from the consequences of the presence Vof condensate which would otherwise cause deterioration and ultimate failure of the metal wall oi the vessel or chamber if allowed to form thereon.

The invention pertains moreparticularly tc the proper preservation of carbon-steel shells or walls ci storage-hoppers, catalyst-regenerator chambers, reactor-chambers, hot-gas and catalyst piping and hot-air piping employed in the catalytic-processes in the hydrocarbon chemical industry.V

One of the primary objects oi the invention is to provide a suspended protective lining and a lagging for the metal Wall oi the chamber or piping which lining will withstand the action of the products of combustion and .catalysts in intimate mixture, the gases being in some cases at temperatures about 1400" F. and at pressures limited only by the thickness of the carbon-steel shells of the vessels or pipes.

The lining and lagging thus provided are designed, as hereinafter described, to protect the steel-shell definitely from the destructive effects ofV temperature beyond the range 'for which that material is effective, and, at the same time, to keep the temperature on such steel-shell above the saturation-temperature to prevent condensate from forming which might in time cause failure of the shell itself.

rThe combinations of materials forming the lining and lagging are arranged in such a manner and of such thicknesses as to produce reasonably low radiation losses of energy from the exterior surface of the vessel or pipe, as the case may be.

The invention provides a combination of metalparts, such as cast-iron supporting-brackets and intimate' supporting steel, and a lining of suspende'd-wall construction, including tiles of refractory or other temperature and abrasive-resisting material, arranged in such a manner that the expansion and vcontractionof all of the parts in all directions will not disturb `the value and functional capacity of the lining. f

The invention further concerns the application of insulating-material as lagging of a denite,predeterminedthickness applied to the eX- terior of the shell to bring the temperature of the steel-shell itself above saturation temperature to prevent condensate from forming, although-in such a construction, Where theeffects o1" condensation are of little importance, the lagging may be omitted, or applied, as deemed advisable for the individual construction as a function o the total radiation loss, but the thickness of this lagging when used, should be determined as hereinafter set forth.

Another purpose of the invention is to provide a manner or method of applying the insulation between the backs of the suspended tiles and the steel-shell so that this insulating material more truly acts as a heat-insulator, and at the same time is sufciently compressed by the internal pressure within the vessel or pipe against the tiles, which in turn is utilized to compress said heat-insulation to prevent laning or convection currents of hot gases and .catalyst from attacking the shell and causing localized hot spots in such steel-shell. By laning is meant bypassing of the catalyst-laden gaseous products within the lining media.

A further aim of the invention is to supply a construction which can be easily repaired in any small Zones from the inside of the shell or tank without'disturbing the structural integrity of the adjacent construction in the event of any localized problems, these vessels in some cases beingV as large as forty-five feet in diameter and twice as tall. n

An additional salient feature of the invention is the provision for the support of the full vertical load of the total inventory of catalyst or other solid or fluid material in the system, when the same builds up in the hoppers, regenerators, reactors or pipes, such catalyst or other solid or fluid material being supported adequately by the above-described lining, should the catalyst have a tendency to adhere to the side-Walls and arch across in a manner similar to that experienced in deep bins and grain-elevators, and, accordingly, the novel suspended lining is designed in such a manner as to adequately and safely carry this load and at the same time perform its usual services indicated above. Y

The horizontal thrust or component of this supplemental load is utilized to compress the heat-insulation between the tiles and the steelplate of the shell more completely to further prevent tlie laning of convection currents from attacking the shell, as hereinbefore described for the operating pressure within the same, since this horizontal force does not exceed a small fraction of the crushing strength of the insulating material for the most severe cases at the highest density of deaerated catalyst or other solid or liquid materials. Y

like reference numerals have been employed to designate the saine parts throughout the views.

In these drawings- Y n Y Figure 1 shows the temperature-gradient through the lining, steel-shell and lagging inldegrecs Fahrenheit;

Figure 2 illustrates a curve indicating the rates of thermal conductivity in B. Vt. u. 4per Vsquarefoot, per hour, per degree Fahrenheit difference in temperature, per inch thickness for` the rrr-ost general materials used in the lining, steel-shell and lagging;

Figure 3 presents the graphical method ofsolving the heat-transfer problem atithe intersection of curves a and h;

Figure i is a Vertical section through a typical vessel or chamber incorporating the present invention, such figure showing the vgeneral applicationcf thelining and the lagging;

Figure 5 is a vhorizontal cross-section online E-of Figures;

Figure 6 is a vertical section on Van enlarged scale through the Wall oi' the vessel illustrated in Figure l;

Figure 7 a similarpartial section like that of Figure but on a still further vincreased scale;

Figure S isa partial horizontal section on line 8-8 ofvFigure 6 with the insulation more or less cut away; Y

Figure 9 is an enlarged,fragmentary, horizontal section showing the expansion facilities provided for the metallic wall-columns and arcuate wall-brackets;

Figure 10 is an isometric view of one ofthe main Wall tiles of refractory or other temperature and abrasive-resisting material; p

Figure 1l is a perspective View of one of the interlocking tiles; Y

Figure 12 is a partial Vertical section through the lining, vessel-shell and lagging, with parts broken away, employed in the conical and domeshaped sections of the vessel or chamber enlarged over the scale of Figure 4 to more clearly show the details of structure;

Figure 13 is a section on line l3--l3 of Figure l2 with parts omitted.;

Figure 14 is a perspective -view of one of the metallic-clips employed in the conical and domeshaped areas of the vessel; Y

Figure 15 is a perspective View oi one of the tiles used in the conical and dome-shaped portions of the vessel-lining;

Figure 16 is a vertical section through a typical round pipe showing .the-general application of the lining andthe lagging thereto;

Figure 17 is an enlarged through a portion of the wall `of such pipe or conduit;

Figure 18 is .an enlarged horizontal sectionn y through the pipe on line iB-l of Figure 17 with parts cut away;

Figure 19 is `an VAenlarged detail showing the method or providing expansion Vfor the metallic curved-bar sections .in the suspended-Wall construction employed Vin the lining vof the'pipe;

Figure 20 is a perspective view of 'themetallicclip used in the pipe lining structure;

vertical-sectionV Figure 21 presents a perspective showing of the main refractory-tile employed in the pipelining;

Figure 22 illustrates in section the wall of a vessel Vor pipe equipped with an additional protective metal-lining; Y

Figure 23 is fa v:fragmentary 'horizontal section online 2'3-23 of Figure 22:

Figure 24Yis a perspective view of one of the clips or supports for the metal lining or sheath; and I Figure 25 is a section on a larger scale showing a fsmallfportionof the wall.

A ,temperature-gradient through the lining,

-meta1sheil and flagging material is developed in the fcl-lowingmanner, it being borne in mind that the energy conducted through the lining, the steel-plate shell and the lagging-material per unit of area must be equal touthe energy radiated and convected perunit .offarea from 'the exterior surface of :thelagging to Atheatmosphere The energy in. B t. 1l. .per square-foot per hour conductedthroughthielningemateriaL the steelplateV shell and ,the laggingmaterial i will be,

'Equation No. `1

Where T1=Inside hot face surface temperature on the CID 'FSL-Outside surface temperatureV of .the lagging-*AF2 T6=Temperature of surrounding .air- "F` t1=`Thickness of inner :refractory .or other temperature .and Yabrasive resisting .material--in inches.

ifs-:Thickness of :internal heat insulation-in inches.

tar-Thickness vof :steel `plate 1 shell--in inches.

t4 :Thickness of A laggingin inches.

K1=Rate o'thermal-:conductivity of refractory for other tempera-ture and :abrasive resisting material cf` inner-lining at the mean temperature of same `in,fl? ..t. u. per sq...ft..per hr. per

Y degree F, difference in temperature, per inch thickness.

K2=Rate of thermal-conductivity at its Amean temperature of the linternal Sheet-insulating Y ,material-nBf t. u; per-sq. it. per hr. per degree F. dineren ce in temperaturegperjinch thickness.

K3=Rate of thermal f'conductivi'ty at its mean temperature =of `the `'steel-shell `of the vessel in B. t. u. Vper sq. it. per hr, per degree F. differvvence intemperature, per-inch thickness.

K4==Rate of .thermal conductivity at its mean temperature of 'the .l1-,eat insulating material forming `the lagging in 13.15.511.. per sq; it. `per hr. per :degree F. fdiferencefin temperature,

Vperinchthickness. y

The above thicknesses-cf materials,v and temperatures :on the gradient; are shown diagrammatically in Figurel;

The rates of -thermalconductivitylin B. t. u. per square foot, per .-nour, per Vdegree F. 'diierence in temperature', per. inch thikness, are shown for theV Amost usually'nrequired materialsV kon the ourvesfshownjinliilgurea f '4 A The mean temperatures :of the lining material, shell yand lagging'nraterial'are arrived at by adding the temperatures of the hot surface of the material and the cooler surface of the material and dividing same by two. 1

The energy radiated and convected, at average conditions of exterior air velocity, from the exterior surface of the lagging in B. t. u. per square foot per hour, becomes apparentfrom the following Equation No. 2

Where From the initial statement that energyrconducted through the media must equal the energy radiated and convected from its exterior surface,

The unknown factors in the above equation are most readily solved by the graphical means shown in Figure 3.

In Figure 3 the curve a is plotted from Equation No. 2 for varying outside surface temperatures of the lagging, T5, in degrees Fahrenheit.

The line b in Figure 3 is constructed by solving Equation No. 1 for two points of Ts. Wherek line b intersects with curve a in Figure, 3, read vertically downward to nd the unknown T5, which is the outside surface temperature of the lagging, and horizontally across to the total heat transfer rate fory that combination of materials on the ordinate of the curve in B. t. u. per square foot per hour. Y Y.

vIn the graphical solution described abovel in Figure 3, T5 becomes a known temperature.l T1 is a known temperature as the initial starting point.

T4, the outside surface temperature of the steel shell of the vessels or pipe can then be determined from the following Equation No. 4

Vwhen the inside yface surface temperature of the steel-shell of the vessel or the pipe is de- TaxTl-lumn-members fro termiried by Equation No. 5, this temperature, Ta in degrees Fahrenheit, must fall well below the upper temperature .limit for the carbon-steel shell of .the vessels and/orpipe, and must be above the saturation temperature of water at the pressure existing within the vessels and/or pipe.

,"The .functional properties of the materials'to be used andi their thicknesses having been de termined by the method set forth above, we are `ready'to consider in detail the structural chara'cteristics` of a vessel or container embodying the instant. invention.

A.Referring first to theconstruction presented in Figuresa to 15 inclusive, it will be noted that thesupporting framework for the lining includes a `suitable number or" circumferentially-spaced columns, each composed of vertically-aligned, spaced-apart members 3i, 3l, (Figs. 6, 8 and 9) in the.v present instance T-sections, within the steel-shell 32 of the container or vessel, each member 3| being supported at its lower extremity by a flange or plate 33 whose outer edge is welded to the inner surface of the steel-shell at 34 in the manner indicated in Figure 8, a comparable flange 35 being similarly welded at l34 to the shell at the upper extremity of the member 3| (Figs. 6 and 9). r

Each such T-shaped column-member 3| may be bolted, riveted or welded to its inwardly-ex-v tended plate or flange 33 for its support at its lower end, but to permit free expansion and contraction of such member, it is bolted to the flange 35 at its upper extremity by means of `a slot 35 accommodating the bolt thereby providing movement vertically at this point.

Arcuate, metal, longitudinally-slotted bracketbars 31, 31 are bolted against the inward faces of the iianges of the heads of the T-shaped coliil by means of free-sliding shoulder- bolts 38, 38, which permit lengthwise expansion and contraction of the bracket-bars with relation to the clear spaces between the adjacent ends thereof, as illustrated in Figure 9, it being understood that each such bracket-bar extends from one column to the next and that each of the several vertically-spaced groups of such aligned brackets reaches around the entire circumference of the shell. l The manner of applying the heat-insulation against the inner surface of the metal-shell 32 is of substantial importance and directions should be strictly adhered to, the thickness of such insulation, t2 in Figure 1, being built up of two layers of block-insulation, lll, 4I, staggered or offset in both directions, vertically and horizontally l(Figures 6 and 8), and carefully pointed in place" with insulating-cement to fill all cracks and rcrevices between the round steel-shell and the outer side of the block-insulation.

Such block-insulation is carefully fitted in the 4 field where the intimate steel and supporting steel-,sections project through the same and all voids are carefully and completely filled with insulating-cement. H This manual adaptation, conformation and fashioning ofthe insulation-blocks .during the erection of the lining of the parts of the metalframework, supplemented by the action of the insulating-cement, supports such blocks in part on the frame-work and in part directly by the metalfshell. Y v Y Y :uThelargerrefractory-tiles 42, of the shape shown in'detail in' Figure 10, arethen mountedv individually onlthebrackets `35| by applying-ats tops'lotted :end :to ztheldepending .flange 44 `of one such bracket 3l .so Vthat vthe .part 45 of the tile behind such flange with `the flattenoccupyingf lthe slot lazcross the top ofthe -Vtile (Eigure' 7.)..

The construction is such that each tile canine raisedsufciently to `allow `its bottom :cib 4:] to pass :outwardly over the, upper flange 'dfofzthe corresponding next .lower :bracket 31 whereupon the vtile .may bedropped `to fallow it 'to'restzonfzand to be supported on, the top `edge of suchilange 48 as is clearly presented inFigures 6-.a`axd`?4 ,It is to be Vunderstood. .that as these tiles` lare mounted .on the brackets, 'they tare Salso mover i: i

si'dewise so `.that the rib #49 lof :each will zoccum .the:companionspace 5l of thenext `tileethusgpro.`

vidingabroken .or overlappedjoint.

'Inreierring'to these and other .tiles as .refractory, Vit is to be understood that they .may .bel f of :other .heat-withstanding .and :abradant-resistantprnaterial.V s

:The intermediate, small-er, refractory-.tiles -43 are of vthe laterally .and vertically offset shape clearly portrayed in Figure 11, each such tile comprising two rectangular parts :staggered'withhrelationto one another, providing top andbottom ribs 52 and 53, respectively, and a :rib V541 Vat oneend and a corresponding `recess S55-at the-.op- Y posite end.

Each tile 43 Vis located in front of a barter bracket 31 and rests on the .next lower .tile -42 with a .layer-o approximately 11g inch drymilled clay or other suitable material L5l1- in the;stepped joint between their surfaces, but'thesimilarjoint 56 at the top of tile 43 is open :to allow forjproper expansion and contraction of the tiles.

When tiles i3 are app-lied as stated, theyare also shifted sidewise so `that the vertical rib 54 thereof will fit in its complementary Space 55 of the next tile.

.It should be noted in this connection-thatthe top and bottom `parts of each tile 42 are `inwardly away from the column-member 3l at 45.1

by reason of the presence `of groove 46 in the lr one-case Vand that of groove A5f! in the other instance; and that the back-.of .tile -43 is spaced inwardly away fronti-the same bar-by reason of Athe gaps or spaces 51. u

As is indicated in Figure 8, the verticaljoints between the tiles 2 (and those between the tiles 44.3 although not shown) are atintervalsfG'or example at every third tile) not completely closed, but arelled in part at 58, '58 with loosely-.packed long-fibre asbestos'to afford ein-expansion space, allV other vertical oifset joints betweenboth types of tiles being lled and sealed with lire-clay.

The space between the .interiorsurface of l'the block-.insulation :il and the outer or rearsurfaces of the refractory-tiles l2 is completelylledwith Y 8 o'fthe-.tilesand the :inner-side of the steel-shell of the vessel shall be completely lled with in- Y Vsul'ating.-zmaterial.including vinsulating-cement to insulating-cement 59, thereby forcingtherefractory-tiles as far as possible toward thecenter'of thevessel or container, so that under :operating ing castings are `similarly completely filled with v insulating-cement after erection. A minimum amount of water'is desirably-employed for the mixing ofthe cement .referredtd .The intent of the foregoing .is to assure that .the entire `volumetric-space "between the backs prevent gases from vlay-passing at any point to the steel-plate shell.

It will be :apparent from what has been stated that the internal operating pressure of the vessel is utilized to compress the heat-insulation of the lining'toprevent the .hot gasesandcatalyst inintimate mixture, where the container is used as a catalyst-regenerator or otherwise, from at- "cac'zkingtheV metal-shell and causing localized hot-spots which might in time cause failure of the steel-vessel. s

willbe'appreciated fromthe foregoing description, thishivention provides for relativelysmall units of internally-supported refractoryitlesyor other temperature and abrasive resist- .ing material, for-expansion and contraction of such material in 'all' directions, and for inter- Vchangea-bility of materials to resist abrasion and temperature in ysuch localized zones as may require --more Lparticular temperature and abrasive protect-ion. Y 1 v For the tapered or conical or dome-shaped portions of the container or vessel, a somewhat diiferent means for supporting the lining is used as illustrated in Figuresglz, '13, le and 15,v and, in this case, each flange or plate 6l welded at S2 to the inner surface of the sloping part of the shell is disposed vertically, such members being circumferentially spaced apart as indicated in .Figure v13.

AEach such member El isbraced and supported in part by a horizontal right-angle bar itwelded to fthe inner --face of thev shell at Gli and it has apart justin 'front of Yplate'ii-I, and to the inner face of such element 63 is bolted atthe spacedapartslotted ends-of two, arcuate, at bars e6, to, thelattersupp'orting'a plurality ofjbrackets 6l of the shape'ldepicted in Figure 14 each of which 'hasaj'top hook GSi-engaging over the upper edge ofonefof the -'bars St and has a projection lid bearing on the 'front faceY of the bar, the ex- .tendedpar't of the bracket having oppositely disposed 'flanges `1| and 1.2. Y

vEachoftheselorackets carries a tapered refractory-'tilelS of Ythe vshape depicted in perspective in`Figure115,-each such tile having a top groove I4 and a parallel top channel l5 and having a bottomlgroove-fl' and va'bottorn rib ll in register Withffand-of vthe same transverse contour as the Vvupper channel 15.

This tile consists of two integral parts offset laterallyewith respect 'to one another to provide 'aleng'thw'iserib outstandingfrom one surface and a corresponding'recess le in .the opposite surface.

Each bracket 67 Acarries one of such tiles in the manner portrayed vinthe drawing, its flange 'Il loosely fitting in thegroove 'It of one tile and its opposite flange 72 in vsimilar manner occupying the groove 14 of the next adjacent tile, each such .tile y:bearing directly 'on Vvand being in part support-ed bjyi-the middle web portion of its cornpan-ioneleraeket. Y e

It is to be noted that the rib 'll of one tile occupies the channel 'l5 `of the next, and that the walls of Vthe two tile-grooves 'i4 and 'ES are inwardly away from the inner surfaces of the bracket flanges l Vand 12, so that these tiles can shift outwardly under the internal pressure in the container to press orforce the insulationblocks iagainst the .inner :surface lof the .metal shell;` A A reaction with the contents of the container and this structural feature is presened in Figures 22 to 25 inclusive.

In this instance, the wall construction may be as hereinbefore described with the added lmetal sheets supported in the manner illustrated in such figures or theinsulation-blocks 82 and the tiles 83 may be of the shapes and proportions as shown in these figures.

The thin, inner, metal sheets or plates 8,4 are preferably overlapped horizontally as shown in Figure 22 and also vertically as portrayed in Figure 23.

Each such sheet is held in place by a pair of clips |83, each having a screw-threaded shank |84 and an upstanding arm terminating in a hook |85 and an upright projection |86, the end of the shank terminating in a short stud |81.

To provide for such clip or bracket at properlv circularly, spaced-apart points, the web of each curved bar 3l is apertured at 88 for the reception of the hook |85, as shown in Figure 25, the projection |86 then bearing against the inner face of the web of the bar, and the stud |81 pressingV depending ange of the against the face of the bar.

The threaded end portion of the clip-shank extends through a hole in the lining-plate 8,4

and the terminal portion of such shank project-` ing through the plate' is supplied with an appro` priate washer 89and nut 9| .to maintain the plate in place.

Ordinarily, the tiles are cut at the place of erection of the apparatus to supply the needed clearance for the metallic-clips. l Y

The material needed for such clips |83; the nuts 9| andthe washers 89, or other suitable wedges in lieu of such nuts and washers, must be made of austenitic chrome nickel steel or other suitable material when needed to withstand the temperature as well as the chemical reaction to which these parts are subjected.

The lining of metal pipes and conduits is much the same as that described hereinabove, and, accordingly, only .the diierentiating characteristics will be needed to be presented here.

Referring to Figures 16 to 20 inclusive, it will be noted that the lining supporting means comprises a suitable number of appropriately circumferentially-spaced .T-shaped members 92 welded at the feet of the Ts to the inner surface of the metal pipe 93, and to the heads of such Ts the end sections of curved bars 91|V are bolted in a manner as described above to allow lengthwise expansion and contraction as shown in Figure 19.

The tiles 95 employed may be of the same configuration as that illustrated in Figure 21 or like that presented in Figure except for the absence of the taper, and these tiles are supported and maintained in place by brackets or clips 9S of the form and-style shown in Figure 20.

Each such clip or bracket has upper and lower hooks 91 and 98 respectively, a lug 99, upper and lower flanges |0| and |52, and another lug |3, and, when such bracket is in place, the top portion of bar 94 is between hook 91 and lug |03 and the bottom portion of the same bar is between hook 98 and lug 99.

Each tile rests on the top of one of the brackets with the flange wl thereof in its bottom groove, whereas at its top the flange |02 of the next higher bracket only partially occupies the depth of the top groove thus allowing for expansion and contraction of the parts.

As is illustrated, by reason of the play between the grooves or" these tiles and the inner faces of the bracket fianges |0| and |02, the compression of the lining by the pressure in the pipe is availed of for the purpose hereinbefore indicated.

As for block-insulation |04 and lagging |05 and the cooperation of the elements involved, these are on the saine principles as set forth in detail in the earlier part of this specification.

Those acquainted with this art will readily understand that this invention as defined by the appended claims is not necessarily limited and 'confined to the exact details of construction and that reasonable modications may be resorted to without departure from the heart and essence of the invention and without the loss or sacrice of `any of its materia1 benets and advantages.

I claim:

1. Ina container adapted to accommodate a heated Afluid medium under pressure whenin operation having an outer pressure-sustaining metal-shell, a lining of refractory-tiles forming the inner surface of the container, a lining of Yheett-insulation between said tile-lining and said metal-shell, and metallic means, carried by, and on the innersurface of, said metal shell mounting said tile-lining in place with provision for expansion and contraction, the novel combination of ,improvements being, (a) that at least some of the tiles of said refractory-tile lining outwardly overlap said metallic mounting-means determining the innermost position of such lining and all of the tiles of said refractory-tile lining are otherwise shaped to allow slight outward play of said lining on said mounting-means, and (b) that said insulation-lining is composed` of blocks shaped to accommodate the parts of said tilemounting meansextending through the insulation-lining, supplemented with insulating-cement, such blocks and cement completely filling the en tire volumetric-space between the inner surface of said metal-shell and said tile-lining unoccupied by said tile-mounting means, whereby the outward pressure of said fluid-medium in said container when in operation acting through said refractory-tile lining maintains said insulationlining under pressure against the inner surface of said metal-shell, thereby tending to prevent the development of 1ocal not spots thereon due to Vlaning of convection-currents of lsaid fiuidmedium.

2. The novel combination of improvements in a lined metal-shell container set forth in claim 1 in which the thickness of said insulation-lining has at least two layers of blocks with the blocks Yin one such layer in staggered relation to those y* said refractory-tiles are staggered with relation to one another.

4Q In a round containeradaptedto-accornn'io-` metal-shell, a lining ofrefractory-tiles forming the inner surface of the container, a heat-insulation lining between said tile-lining and said metal-shell, and metallic means carried by, and on the inner surface of,` said metal-shellfmounting said tile-lining in place, the novel combination of improvements being (a) that sai-d refractory-tile mounting-means includes in combination circular supports spaced apart longitudinally ofthe container and each composed of a plurality oi aligned arcuate-bars separated at theirendsto allowfor expansion and contraction, brackets Welded to the inner surface of said shell, and means mounting said arcuate-bars on said hracketsnallowing for expansion and contraction of said bars, (b) that at least some of the tiles of said refractory-tile lining outwardly overlapy said arcuate-bars determining the innermost position of said4 lining and all said tiles of said refractory-tile lining are otherwise shaped toV allow slight outward play of saidV lining on said arcuate-bars, and (c) rthat said insulation-lining isV composed of blocks shaped-to accommodate the 'parts' of said tile mounting-means extending throughthe insulation-lining, supplemented AIwith insulating-cement, such blocks and cement completely lling the entire volumetric space between the' inner surface of the metal-shell and said tile-lining un- `occupied by said mounting-means, whereby the outward pressure of said iuid-medium in said container when in operationacting through said Yrefractory-tile lining maintains said insulationlining under pressure against the inner surface of said metal-shell, thereby tending to prevent the development of local 'hot-spots thereon due to laning Vof convection-cur'rents ofv said Vfluidmedium. l

5. The novel combination:ofv improvements set forth in claim 4in which said means mounting Y I2 face-ofV said'shell", means mounting said arcuatehars onsaid' bracketsfallowing'said expansion and `contraction of said bars, andv cIips mounting said refractory-tiles-on said arcuate-bars, (b) that at least some of' Vsaid tiles ofi said refractory-tile lining outwardly overlap said clips determining the innermost position of such lining and all 'of 4ing against the insulating filling;

said. arcuate-bars Von said brackets includes a plurality of circularly-spaced metal-columns disposed longitudinally oflthe shell,.and each .such

column consistingv of a numberV of separate,

aligned.bars.r

6. In a round container adapted to accommodate a heated Huid-medium under pressure when in operationrhaving an outer metal-shell, alinina of refractory-tilesV forming the inner surface of the container, a heat-insulation lining between said tile-lining and. saidmetal-shell, and metallic means carried by,` and on the inner surface of, said metal-shell mounting said tile-lining in place, the novel combination of improvements being. (c) that said refractory-tile mounting-means includes in combination circular supports spaced apart longitudinally'of the Ycontaineriand each composed of a pluralityof aligned arcuate-bars separated at their ends to allow for expansion and contraction, brackets welded to the inner; surj the tiles of'saidrefractory-tite lining are otherwise shaped`r to--a-liow slightoutwardrplay of said lining on said clips, and (Sc) that said insulationlining is composedV oibl'ocks shapedto accommodate theV parts-l of said tile rnQuilting-meansI eX- tendingthrough they insulation-lining, supplemented with insulating-cement, such blocks and cement completely filling the entire volumetric space betweenv the inner surface of the metalshell and saidtile-lining unoccupied'by said tile mounting-means; whereby the outward pressure of said huid-mediumY in said' container when in operation acting through said'refractory-tile liningjmaintains saidfinsulation-lining under pressure against thei'nner surface of" said metalshell,Y thereby tending'toiprevent the development of local hot-spots thereon due to laning of convection-currents of said fluid-medium.

, 7. A refractory` lined container comprising an outerv pressure-sustainingimetal'shell, a lining of refractory tiles, a filling ofv coursed insulating blocks and supplemental insulating'cement ccmpletely lling the spacef between said-tile lining and shell ior at least substantially the complete extent or" said'lining, a metallic supporting structurel attache'dto the inner surface of said shell for said ,lining, recesses, on atleast some of said tiles loosely'fltting over and' interlocking with members offs'aid supporting structure4 and all of said tiles being recessed to interlock with other tiles oi' saidy lining, solas to lock said lining to said? supporting" structure and to permit internal pressureV in said container to presssaid tilelin- NELsiE,y WEarmR. v REFERENCES orrEn l Theioliowing references are of record' in the file of this patent: Y

g UNITED STATES', PATENTS Number Y Blamel Date 11,462,372.rvr Metz July 17, 1923 Y 1,738,620 Ui'npleby- Dec. 10, 1929 1,825,154? McDermott; Sept. 29, 1931 V1,870,721 'Foltz' Aug. 9) 1932 '1,894,371 Fenderu; Jan. 17,r 1933 1,914,175'v Stewart June 13, 1933 1,988,856/ Fassino Jan.22,` 1935 2,150,459 Reintjes: r 14, 1939 2,170,233 -Burnet1;. Aug; 22, 1939 2,215,532 Richardson Sept. 24', 194,0 21,221,583 Hoop. n Nov. 12, 1940 2,295,591; Maude: ...Y Sept; 15., 1942

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