US2459786A - Hydraulic pressure pump or motor - Google Patents

Description

Patented Jan. 25.1949

HYDRAULIC PRESSURE PUMP OR MOTOR Bernard Beaman, Julius Hulmam and Robert A. Stein, Dayton, Ohio Application March 12, 1945, Serial No. 582,376

1.8 Claims. (Cl. 103-162) (Granted under'the actof March 3, 1883, as amended-April so, 1928; 370 o. e. m)

The invention described herein may be manufactured and used by or for the Government for governmental purposes, without the payment to us of any royalty thereon. i Our present inventionrelates to a hydraulic pressure pump or motor which is designed for proper operation at extremely high pressures.

One object of the invention is to provide a structure which is readily suitable to operate either as a pump or a motor with no changes whatever, the design being simple and involving but few parts which can be readily fabricated and assembled.

Another object is to provide a pump or motor design wherein loaded bearings are minimized,

- the thrust forces being taken by stationary thrust being interposed between the cam and the pistons,

son a further object is to floatingly mount the barrel so that it will effectively seat against an.

end Plate of the Pump or motor under the force of internal pressure acting on partially closed cylinder bore ends and to provide a relief valve for An additional object is to provide pistons in.

the cylinder bores which have similar ends so that they cannot be installed improperly and to arrange the parts in relation to each other so that return springs are not required for the pistons.

With these and other objects in view, our invention consists in-the construction, arrangement and combination of the various parts of our invention whereby the objects contemplated are attained, as hereinafter more fully set forth, pointed out in our claims and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Fig. 1 is a front elevation of our pump or motor;

Fig. 2 is a rear elevation thereof;

Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional view on the line 33 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a, sectional view on the line 4-4 of Fig. 3 to illustrate the intake and outlet port arrange-'- ments of the pump or motor:

Fig. 5 is a sectional view on the line 5-5 of Fig.

3 showing the pistons in the cylinder bores of the barrel;

Fig. 6 is a sectional view on the line 86 of Fig. 4 further showing the piston porting arrangement; and t Fi 7 is a sectional view on the line 1-1 of Fig. 4 showing an inside elevation of one end plate of the pump or motor wherein arcuate intake and outlet ports are provided.

Onv the accompanying drawings we have used the reference numeral ill to indicate a cylindrical housing. The housing has a flange l2 at one of its ends for mounting the housing as a pump or motor. For this purpose bolts or screws may ex.-

tend through. perforations It of the flange and thread into a suitable support in the usual manner. The housing. Ill has a flange 16 at its other end to which an end plate i8 is secured as by cap screws so, with a suitable gasket or sealing com; pound between the flange and the end plate,

The housing It has an internal partition 22 against which a cam 26 is positioned. The cam fits the interior of the housing and is retained against rotation relative thereto by a set screw 26. The cam 25 has a cam face 28 which is in the form of a truncated cylinder end, and a hardened creep plate 36 of washer-like form is engaged against this cam face.

Rotatable in bearings 32 and 34, supported in fixed position relative to the housing I ii, is a barrel drive shaft 36. The bearing 82 is seated in an annular counterbore 88 of the cam 24, whereas the bearing 3% is seated in a counterbore 40 of the end plate It.

Loosely splined at 42 on the barrel drive shaft 36 is a barrel 64 having an annular shoulder 46 engaging a narrow flange 48 on the shaft 36 for guide purposes. The barrel 44 has'a flat sealing face 50 to contact with a flat sealing face 52 of the end plate i 8. The loose splining of the barrel N to the shaft 38 permits ready conformity of the face 50 to the face 52, as will hereinafter appear.

Circumferentially spaced cylinder bores 54 are provided in the barrel 4, and 'in each a plungerlike piston 56 is reciprocable. Each cylinder has a cylinder port 58 of the shape shown in Fig, 6.

The ports are of somewhat less cross-sectional I I sure acting on the cylinder boreends surrounding the ports.

Considering our invention as a pump, each of the ports 68 is adapted to register at times with an arcuate intake port 80 and at other times with an arcuate outlet port 82 of the end plate I8. The shapes of these ports are shown in Fig. 7. The ports 80 and 82 communicate by means of passageways 84 and 88, with an intake or low pressure boss 88 and an outlet or high pressure boss 10, respectively. When the device operates as a motor, the boss I is the intake and the boss 88 is the outlet. In both cases there is low pressure in the boss 88 and high pressure in the boss 10, as indicated by the legends "HI" and LO" in Figs. 2 and 4, u

The barreT*44 is adapted to be seated against the end plate I8 by pressure within the housing I0, as will hereinafter appear. During starting of the pump, when pressure has not yet built up it is desirable to make sure that the faces 80 and 82 are in contact, and this may be accomplished by a light spring 12, shown in Fig. 3.

For driving the barrel shaft 88 we provide a drive shaft I4 which is loosely splined at I8 to the drive shaft, and has splines I8 on its other end for connection to a power take-off shaft of the aircraft engine or any other suitable means to drive the pump, or, in case the device is operated as a motor, then to the device driven thereby. Such device or the power take-off shaft, as the case may be, would include a means to align the outerend of the drive shaft I4 for proper operation without binding.

The drive shaft 14 has a flange 80 surrounding it, with which a seal plate 82 in the form of a ring is engageable. A spring 84 effects such engagement initially, whereas fluid pressure within the housing effects the engagement after the pump or motor is in operation, as will hm'einafter appear. The spring 84 is seated against a second end plate 88 secured to the partition 22 by suitable means. such as screws 88.

The seal plate 82 is sealed relative to the housing I0 by means of a diaphragm 80 having its inner edge clamped to the seal plate by a spanner nut 82, and its outer edge clamped between a washer 94 and the end plate 88 by the screws 88. This provides a pressure chamber, indicated at 98, inside of the flange 80.

The inner end of the drive shaft I4 is seated against a shoulder 98 of the barrel shaft 88 which serves merely as a thrust connection, but, normally, when the pump or motor is operating, the two are spaced from each other. A passageway I00 is provided through the center of the barrel shaft 88, and liquid is adapted to flow through this passageway after passing through the splined connection 18. A relief groove I02 is provided for such flow in the event that the inner end of the drive shaft I4 is seated against the shoulder 88.

The passageway I00 communicates with a pressure relief valve in the form of a valve plug I04 seated against a ring I08 by a spring I08. The valve plug acts as a piston in a sleeve IIO which serves to guide its sliding movement. The sleeve IIO has a head II2 for screwing the sleeve into the end plate l8 at the screw-threaded connection H4. The sleeve IIO has ports II8 communicating with an annular groove II8 which, in turn, communicates by means of a passageway I20 with the low pressure boss 88, as best shown in Figure'4.

Practical operation Considering our structure as operating as a pump, the shaft I4 is driven by any suitable power means to thereby drive the barrel shaft 88 and the barrel 44. A reservoir of fluid, such as lubricating oil, fuel oil or the like, is connected with the low pressure boss 88, and the high pressure boss I0 is connected with any suitable device for receiving the fluid at high pressure. The spring 12 keeps the barrel 44 in engagement with the end plate I8, and the spring 84 keeps the seal plate 82 in engagement with the flange 80 so that there is a sealed chamber within the housing I0 all the way from the end plate I8 to the diaphragm 80. These springs. particularly the spring 12, maintain for priming the pump.

The pistons 88 are held against the creep plate 80 by fluid pressure from the low pressure boss 88 whichwould be under the pressure produced by a booster pump or any other means. Accordingly, as the barrel 44 rotates, the pistons 88 will be reciprocated because of the angular position of the creep plate with respect to a plane normal to the axis of rotation of the barrel. During one half of the revolution, when some of the pistons 88 are moving inward toward the final position in the lower half of Fig. 3, there will be intake of liquid from the intake port 80, and during the other half of the revolution, when some of the pistons are moving outwardly to the position in the upper half of Fig. 3, the fluid will be expelled under high pressure to the outlet port 82.

There is some leakage of liquid past the faces 80 and 82, especially before pressure is built up in the housing I0. and this liquid, together with the small amount which creeps past the pistons 58, will charge the interior of the housing I0 for lubricating the bearings 32 and 34 and producing pressure within the housing. The lubricant passes along clearances between surfaces 38a and 44a on the drive shaft 38 and 40 barrel 44, respectively. The barrel 44 will be seated against the end plate I8 by a combination of forces tending to maintain such relation including the charging pressure for the housing plus the force of spring 12 and the internal pressure of the cylinder bores acting on the partially closed cylinder ends. Pressure of the fluid passing the bearing 32 also acts on the flange 80 to compress the spring 84 somewhat, and

thereafter maintain the flange against the sealing face of the seal plate 82 under such pressure. The pressure is limited, however, by the relief valve I04 which, depending upon the strength of the spring I 08, will move to a relief position, permitting excess liquid to flow through the ports H8 and the passageways H8 and I20 back to the low pressure boss 88. A selected spring I 08 may be used, as required, to keep a desired pressure within the housing. The valve I04, therefore, acts as a pressure regulating valve.

'In the operation of our device as a motor, high pressure fluid is supplied to the boss I0 which acts upon the pistons 88 to cause them to exert a side thrust in a circumferential direction against the creep plate 80, thereby transforming the fluid pressure into rotation of the shaft I4. In this instance the shaft I4 would be connected to any device to be driven by the motor. The relief valve I04 will operate in its same capacity, and the only difference in the operation of the device will be that it rotates in the opposite direction from that required .to operate it as a pump.

The direction of rotation can be readily reversed by reversing the end plate I8. or in cas the sealv necessary where the piping is such that it is desirable to turn the end plate 180 degrees, this can be done if the direction of rotation is immaterial.

From the foregoing specification we believe it will be obvious that we have provided a structure which may be operated either as a high pressure pump or a high pressure motor. It is'well suited for pressures on the order of three thousand pounds per square inch, and when so used has high torque and power. The design is such that there are few parts, and they are simple to form, machine and assemble. The device may be used either as a pump or a motor with no changes. Thenecessary thrust of the rotating barrel to effect pressure seal is had without the necessity of providing the spring 12 other than for the purpose of the initial thrust before pressure is built up within the housing. The spring can therefore be comparatively light, yet will insure proper priming of the pump or starting-of the motor. The seal at 80-82 remains eflective even if the shaft 14 is out of alignment orand purpose of our invention, and it is our intention to cover by our claims any modified forms of structure or use of mechanical equivalents which may be reasonably included within their scope.

We claim as our invention:

1. In a hydraulic pressure pump or motor, a housing, a power shaft extending inside and outside of said housing, a barrel driving shaft secured to said power shaft and Journaled in said housing, a barrel loosely mounted on said driving shaft and operatively connected thereto, said barrel having cylindrical bores therein substantially parallel to the axis of rotation of the barrel and its drive shaft, a piston in each of said bores. said barrel having one of its ends seated against an end of said housing, ports in said end of said barrel and communicating with said cylinder bores, a stationary cam in said housing having a cam surface surrounding said barrel driving shaft and in the shape of a truncated cylinder end, said cam cooperating with said pistons to reciprocate them upon rotation of said barrel, and intake and discharge ports in said end of said housing for communicating with said cylinder ports of said barrel.

2. In a device of the class described, a housing, a power shaft extending inside and outside of the housing, a barrel driving shaft secured to the power shaft and Journaled in said housing, a barrel loosely splined on said driving shaft, said .barrel having cylindrical bores parallel to the axis of rotation of the barrel drive shaft, 9. piston in each of said bores, an end plate on said housing, said barrel having one of its ends .seated thereagainst, ports in said end of said barrel and communicating with said cylinder bores, said ports being smaller than the bores whereby fluid pressure within said bores. tend to seat said barrel against said end plate, a cam in the shape of a truncated cylinder end, a creep plate in.

terposed between said cam and said pistons, the ends of said pistons being similar in shape, and intake and'discharge ports in said end plate and communicating with said cylinder ports in said seated thereagainst, ports in said end of said barrel and communicating with-said cylinder bores, a cam for driving said pistons in the shape of a truncated cylinder end, ,and intake and discharge ports in said end plate and communicating with said cylinder ports of said barrel.

4. In a hydraulic pressure pump or motor, a

housing, a barrel driving shaft journaled in said housing, a barrel looselymounted on said shaft and splined thereto, said barrel having cylindrical bores parallel to the axis of rotation of said having one of its ends seated against an end of said housing, ports in said end of said barrel and communicating with said cylinder bores, a cam having a cam surface surrounding said shaft drive shaft, a diaphragm connection between said to urge said seal plate into contact with said.

flange, said diaphragm providing a pressure chamber inside of said seal plate communicating with the interior of said housing and subjected to the pressure therein.

5. In a hydraulic pressure pump or motor, a housing, a barrel driving shaft Journaled in said housing, a barrel loosely mounted on said shaft and splined thereto, said barrel having cylindrical bores parallel to the axis of rotation of said shaft, a piston in each of said bores, said barrelhaving one of its ends seated against an end of said housing, ports in said end of said barrel .and communicating with said cylinder bores, a cam havin a cam surface surrounding said shaft and in the shape of a truncated cylinder end, said cam \drivingly coacting with said pistons, intake and discharge ports in said end of said housing for communicating with said cylinder ports of said barrel, a drive shaft loosely splined to said first shaft, said drive shaft having an annular flange afilxed thereto, a seal plate contacting with said flange and surrounding said drive shaft, and a diaphragm connec tion between said housing and said seal plate.

6. In a hydraulic pressure device of the class described, a housing. a shaft journaled therein, a barrel operatively connected thereto, said barrel having cylindrical bores, a piston in each of said bores, said barrel having one of its ends seated against an endof said housing, ports in said end of said barrel and communicating with said cylinder bores, a cam for driving coaction with said pistons, intake and discharge ports in said end of said housing for communicating with said cylinder ports of said barrel, a drive shaft connected to said first shaft, said drive shaft having an annular flange amxed thereto. a seal plate contacting with said flange and surrounding said drive shaft, and a diaphragm connection between said housing and said seal plate to urge said seal plate into contact with said flange.

. '7. In a hydraulic pump or motor of the class described, a housing, a barrel driving shaft journaled in said housing, a barrel mounted on said shaft and operatively connected thereto, said barrel having cylindrical bores therethrough par-v rallel to the axis of rotation of said shaft, a piston in each of said bores, said barrel having one of its ends seated against an end of said housing, ports in said end of said barrel and communicating with said cylinder bores, a cam having a cam surface surrounding said shaft and in the shape of a truncated cylinder end coacting with said pistons, intake and discharge ports in said end of said housing for communicating with said cylinder ports of said barrel, said shaft having a bore therethrough into which fluid which leaks past said pistons may flow after passing through one of said bearings, and said housing having a relief valve for regulating the pressure within the housing, said relief valve communicating with said bore and discharging into the low pressure side of said pump or motor.

8. In a hydraulic pressure pump or motor, a housing, a shaft journaled in said housing, a barrel operatively connected thereto, said barrel having cylinder bores, a piston in each of said bores, said barrel having one of its ends seated against an end of said housing, ports in said end of said barrel and communicating with said cylinder bores, a cam coacting with said pistons for reciprocating them,intake and discharge ports in said end of said housing for communicating with said cylinder ports of said barrel, a diaphragm seal between said housing and said shaft, said cam having a bore therethrough into which fluid which leaks past said pistons may flow, and said housing having a relief valve for regulating the pressure within the housing, a passageway formed in said housing, said relief valve communicating with said last passageway and with the low pressure side of said pump or motor.

9. In a hydraulic pressure pump, a housing, a barrel driving shaft journaled in said housing, a barrel operatively connected thereto, said barrel having cylindrical bores substantially parallel to the axis of rotation of the barrel, a piston in each of said bores, said barrel having one of its ends seated against an end of said housing, ports in raid end of said barrel and communicating with said cylinder bores, a cam having a cam surface surrounding said shaft and in the shape of a trunrated cylinder end for coaction with said pisions, intake and discharge ports in said end of raid housing for communicating with said cylinder ports of said barrel, 9, drive shaft connected to said barrel drive shaft, said drive shaft having an. annular flange afllxed thereto, a seal plate contacting with said flange and surrounding said barrel drive shaft, a diaphragm connection between said housing and said seal plate, said diaphragm providing a pressure chamber within said seal plate communicating with the interior of said housing and subjected to the pressure therein. said barrel drive shaft having a bore therethrough into which fluid which leaks past said pistons and into said pressure chamber may flow, and said housing having a relief valve for regulating the pressure within the housing, said relief valve communicating with said bore and the intake side 'of said pump.

10. In a hydraulic pressure pump or motor of the class described, a housing, a shaft journaled in said housing, a barrel loosely mounted on said shaft and operatively connected thereto, said barrel having cylindrical bores, a piston in each of said bores, said barrel having-one of its ends seated against an end of said housing by internal pressure in said housing tending to force said barrel against said seat. ports in said end of said barrel and communicating with said cylinder bores, a cam for coaction with said pistons to reciprocate them, intake anddischarge ports in said end of said housing for communicating with said cylinder ports of said barrel, a drive shaft for said first shaft, said drive shaft having a flange, a seal plate contacting with said flange, a diaphragm connection between said housing and said seal plate, said diaphragm providing a pressure chamber communicating with the interior of said housing, and said housing having a relief valve for regulating the pressure within said housing.

11. A motor or pump structure of the character disclosed for operation by hydraulic fluid under pressure or for pumping such fluid comprising a, housing, a partition therein, a cam against said partition, a barrel drive shaft journaled in v said housing, a barrel in said housing driven by said barrel drive shaft, said barrel having cylinder bores provided with partially closed ends, pistons slidable in said cylinder bores and co-acting with said cam for reciprocation thereby upon rotation of the barrel, an end plate for said housing, said barrel being positioned between said cam and said end plate and tending to be biased by fluid pressure within said cylinder bores into contact with said end plate, said barrel having a port for each partially closed cylinder end and said end plate having intake and outlet ports for alternate registry with said ports of said cylinder ends during rotation of the barrel, 2. drive shaft for said barrel shaft loosely connected therewith and having a flange beyond said partition, a seal plate positioned against said flange, a diaphragm connection between said seal plate and said housing, a spring interposed between said housing and said seal plate, and a relief valve from the interior of said housing discharging to the low pressure side of said motor or pump.

12. A pump of the character disclosed comprising a housing, a cam therein, a barrel drive shaft Journaled in said housing, a barrel in said housing driven by said barrel drive shaft, said barrel having cylinder bores, pistons slidable therein and coacting with said cam for reciprocation thereby upon rotation of the barrel, an end plate for said housing, said barrel being positioned between said cam and said end plate and tending to be biased by fluid pressure within said housing into contact with said end plate, said barrel having a port for each cylinder and said end plate having intake and outlet ports for alternate registry with said ports of said barrel during rotation of the barrel, a drive shaft for said barrel shaft having a flange, a seal plate positioned against said flange, and a diaphragm connection between said seal plate and said housing.

13. A pump of the character disclosed comprising a housing, a cam therein, a barrel drive shaft .iournaled in said housing. a barrel in said housing driven by said barrel drive shaft, said barrel having cylinder bores, pistons slidable therein and coacting with said cam for reciprocation thereby upon rotation of the barrel, an end plate for said housing, said barrel being positioned between said cam and said end plate and tending to be biased by fluid pressure within said housing into contact with said end plate; said barrel having a port for each cylinder andsaid end plate having intake and outlet ports for alternate registry with said ports of said barrel during rotation 01 the barrel, a drive shaft for said barrel shaft having a flange. a seal plate positioned against said flange, a diaphragm connection between said seal plate and said housing, and a reiief valve from the interior of said housing and discharging to the intake of said pump.

BERNARD BEAMAN. JULIUS HULMAN. ROBERT A. STEIN.

10 namaucns cn'nn' The following referencesare of record in the the of this patent:

UNITED STATES PA'IENTS Number Name Date 1.925.378 Ferris et a1. Sept. 5, 1933 1,945,391 Benedek Jan. 30, 1934 2,161,143 Doe, et a1 June 6, 1939 2,299,235 Snader,'et a1 Oct. 20, 1942 2,300,009 Rose Oct. 27, 1942 2,331,694 Jeffrey Oct. 12, 1943 Huber Dec. 28, 1943

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