US2451321A - Boiler - Google Patents

Description

Patented Oct. 12, 1948 UNITE D .S TAT E S ATENT O F F 'l-CE BOILER Michael C. Crotty, Flushing, N. Y.

Application November 29, 1946, Serial No. 712,847

7 Claims. 1

The present invention relates to boilers adapted to water heating and steam generation. While the invention is applicable to any boiler of this type, it is especially efiicient in boilers of the Scotch marine type in that it is capable of producing hot water and steam with greater rapidity than is ordinarily the case even with this type of boiler.

As is well known, Scotch boilers are so con structed that the water of the boiler surrounds the combustion chambcr of the furnace and thus has the advantage of contact of the water all around the directly heated surface of the combustion chamber. A constant steam pressure can thus be reliably secured and maintained rendering such boiler particularlydesirable.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a boiler of the Scotch type that will develop a steam head with greater rapidity than has heretofore been possible.

It is a furtherobject to adapt this type of boiler for use in homes and for industrial pur poses where a quick supply of steam is of particu lar advantage.

It is a still further object to provide means for utilizing the gases of combustionfor secondarily heating or sup-erheating the water or steam after they have left the combustion chamber.

Briefly described, the boiler consists-oi a horizontal cylindrical firebox with the walls of the cylinder preferably corrugated to give greater heating surfaces. The fuel is referably fuel oil or gas supplied by burners of known type dischargin into the fire box or combustion chamher. A shell surrounds the'lfire box leaving a narrow space between the fire box wall and the shell into which water flows from the main boiler supply through holes at the bottom or under side of the shell. Pipes or risers at the top of the shell permit the water that has been heated within the shell to rise to the top of .the boiler, thus drawing additional water into the shell through the holes at the bottom. A constant circulation is thus established and maintained. Mean are further provided for conductin the hot gases of combustion from the fire box back and forth through ilues passing through the boiler water in such a manner that the risers conveying the hot water from the shell to the top of the boiler are also further subjected tothe heating action thereof by reason of the fact that these risers pass transversely of the Times and act as'an interference to delay the passage oi-the gases of combustion.

in the drawings,

Fig. '1 is a sectional elevation of one form or" the boiler taken along the line l-i of :Fig, 2; Fig.2 is a sectional elevation of the same boiler alongthe'line ofFig. '1.

The invention :will be more clearly understood by reference to the drawings which represent a form of the device adapted foruse in -'a building and in which I indicates the fire boxer combustion chamber which, as seen from Fig. 2, is of a horizontal cylinder form, with corrugated sides.

Referring now to Fig. '1, a shell 2 surrounds the fire box l. In the bottom or underside of the shell is an opening 3 through which water from the boiler 1 may enter the space 5 between the fire her; I! and the shell 2. Water is fed to the boiler through ii-l e intake 4 (Fig 2). burner 5, represented in the drawings (Fig. 2) as an oil burner, supplies heat to the fire box I. Risers, two of which are indicated'bythenumeralsl andil in Fig. '1 and more't'han two by corresponding'numbers in Fig. 2, lead from the top of the shell to the upper part of the boiler 4, passing through the fines 8, ill and l i. In flue 9 there is alsolocated cross pipes i 2 through which water from the main boil-ersupply may pass, rising as it becomes :heated; and similarly, in flue 'l-Ei similar pipes '53 function in the same manner. These risers, of which there maybe more than shown in the drawings, depending on the size of the installation, and the short cross pipes-indicated by numerals t2 and 13, which may alsobe more numerous than shown, permit an increase of rapidity of circulation within the boiler and, atthe'same time act as baflies to the 'fiow of the hot gases of combustion, -thereby obtaining a maximum heat therefrom before they pass tothe stack or chimney.

The hot gases of combustion escape from the fire box'i into-the reversin chamber t4 and pass upward and through the flues :9 and II) to the smoke box it which is bolted on to the boiler l by the bolt and :wing nut it. The gases are thus again reversed .and flow upwards and through line it. These hot gases thus pass over the risers it and *5 in fiues '9 and lit] and once again into the fiue H over the same risers, and then pass through the outlet if? of the flue ll tothe stack or chimney. :If desired, pipes 42 connected into the water lines of the house maybe positioned in :the upper part .of the boiler and water ior'household purposes may be "thus heated. The stcamzatthe top of-the boiler maybe drawn off through the outlet is to the radiators or other apparatus.

Ehe operationof :the boiler :is :such that with 3 the main water supply within the boiler in contact with the heated surfaces of the fire box 1 within the shell 2, with the reversing chamber [4 and with the fiues 9, Ill and il, a very general heating of the main supply of Water is efiected, and furthermore the small supply of water between the shell 2 and the fire box I is rapidly heated and passed through the risers I and 8 where it is again subjected to the action of the hot gases within the flues 9, l and H, after which it passes out to the top of the main water supply and is recirculated for further heating,

It will thus be evident that the hot gases of combustion are delayed in their passage through flues 9, Hi and H by the interruption eifected by pipes or risers 1, 8, i2 and I3. 'As a result of this delay the gases remain longer in contact with the heating surfaces and thus give up more heat to the water passing through the risers and surrounding the fiues.

It will be further understood that the flues may be greater in number than the three shown in the drawings, which are for purposes of illustration only. In fact, the number of flues may be greater or less dependin on the size of the boiler installation. The fiues, moreover, may be rectangular or circular in cross-section.

In the foregoing description, the invention has been described with particular reference to a Scotch type of boiler. t is within the contemplation of the invention, however, that the heating arrangements, including the combustion chamber, the reversing chamber, fines and smoke box, may be used with other types of furnace as, for instance, where a coal-burning open bottom combustion chamber is used. In this latter case the combustion chamber would not be entirely surrounded by the boiler water and the shell surrounding the combustion chamber, as shown, might be eliminated. The flues, however, would be traversed by short risers through which the heated boiler water would flow in the path of the hot combustion gases and would act to interfere with and bafile the flow of such gases, delaying the passage thereof until maximum heat was taken up by the water within said risers, in the same manner as hereinbefore described and illus trated in the drawings.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is:

1. A boiler for water heating and steam generation comprising within said boiler a combustion chamber surrounded by a shell spaced a short distance therefrom, said shell having openings at the bottom thereof to admit water from the main boiler supply to the space between said combustion chamber and said shell; flues traversing the water in said boiler and communicating with said combustion chamber and adapted and arranged to conduct hot gases of combustion back and forth through said boiler; and risers connected with the top of said shell and passing upward through said boiler water and traversing said fiues to the upper part of said boiler, said risers being 50 positioned within said flues that they obstruct and delay the flow of hot gases, thereby conducting water heated between said shell and said combustion chamber to be-further heated within said fiues'. r

2. A'boiler for water heating and steam genera tion comprising a combustion chamber entirely surrounded by water in said boiler; a shell surrounding said combustion chamber and itself surrounded by water in said boiler, thus forming a small compartment between the walls of said combustion chamber and said shell; openings in the bottom of said shell to admit water from said boiler supply to said compartment and risers at the top of said shell adapted and arranged to conduct water heated in said compartment to the upper part of said boiler water supply; and fines communicating with said combustion chamber and traversing said boiler water supply and bein traversed by said risers, whereby said hot gases of combustion are delayed in their flow through said fines and caused to yield the greater portion of their heat to the water in said boiler and in said risers before escaping to the stack.

3. A boiler of the Scotch marine type comprising a combustion chamber, a shell spaced from said combustion chamber and completely surrounding the same, openings at the bottom of said shell to admit boiler water to the space between said shell and the walls of said combustion chamber, and risers leading from the top of said shell to the upper part of said boiler; flues communicating with said combustion chamber, traversing said boiler and being traversed by said risers and being adapted and arranged to conduct hot gases of combustion back and forth through said boiler, thereby providing hot surfaces in contact with the main boiler water supply and further heating the water in said risers passing through said flues, said risers being so positioned in the path of said flue gases as to delay the flow thereof and to cause them to yield maximum heat before escaping to the stack.

4. A Scotch marine type boiler comprising a heating system including a combustion chamber, flues communicating therewith and traversing said boiler, said flues being adapted and arranged to conduct hot gases from said combustion chamber back and forth through said boiler to a stack; a shell surrounding said combustion chamber and spaced therefrom; a water supply in said boiler contact with the outside surfaces of said shell and said fiues; means to admit small quantities of boiler water to fill the space between said shell and the wall of said combustion chamber and riser means at the top of said shell to conduct water heated in said space for further heating through said flues and thence to the top of said boiler.

5. A boiler for water heating and steam generation comprising an outer chamber containing water, a combustion chamber horizontally disposed within said outer chamber and surrounded by a shell spaced from said combustion chamber; means for admitting water from said outer chamber to the space between said combustion chamber and said shell and pipe means to conduct hot water and steam from the top of said shell to the upper part of said water in said outer chamber; and flues associated with said combustion chamber and traversing the water in said outer chamber back and forth, said flues being traversed by said pipe means for conducting water.

6. A boiler for water heating and steam generation comprising a boiler chamber containing water, a combustion chamber, a shell spaced from a n d surrounding s a i d combustion chamber adapted and arranged to admit boiler water to the space between said shell and said combustion of combustion are conducted by said flues from said combustion chamber back and forth through said boiler Water and whereby heated boiler Water fiows through said tubes traversing the path of said hot gases passing through said fiues.

7. A boiler for heating water and generating steam comprising a combustion chamber positioned Within a boiler compartment containing a water supply, a shell surrounding said combustion chamber and spaced therefrom, means for admitting boiler water to the space between said shell and said combustion chamber, flue means for directin the hot gases of combustion from said combustion chamber back and forth of said boiler water above said combustion chamber and tube REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name v Date 2,066,275 Hall Dec. 29, 1936 2,141,238 Daly Dec. 2'7, 1938

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