US2225459A - Method of separating the heart and sap wood constituents of coniferous woods - Google Patents
Method of separating the heart and sap wood constituents of coniferous woods Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2225459A US2225459A US287282A US28728239A US2225459A US 2225459 A US2225459 A US 2225459A US 287282 A US287282 A US 287282A US 28728239 A US28728239 A US 28728239A US 2225459 A US2225459 A US 2225459A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- wood
- chips
- heart
- sap
- water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 title description 110
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 29
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 title description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 20
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002655 kraft paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008400 supply water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009489 vacuum treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21B—FIBROUS RAW MATERIALS OR THEIR MECHANICAL TREATMENT
- D21B1/00—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment
- D21B1/02—Pretreatment of the raw materials by chemical or physical means
- D21B1/025—Separating pith from fibrous vegetable materials
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S162/00—Paper making and fiber liberation
- Y10S162/02—Chip soaking
Definitions
- This invention relates to the separation of the heart and sap wood constituentsof coniferous woods, and particularly to the preparation of such materials for pulping.
- the separated heart wood can be treated satisfactorily by the kraft or sulphate process, to produce pulp of the desired quality, so that all the wood can be utilized successfully.
- Fig. 1 is a diagrammaticview of an apparatus adapted for use in the practice of the invention.
- Fig. 2 is a similar view illustrating an alternative structure adapted to be similarly employed.
- the sap wood of all species of coniferous woods, is more open in its structure and is provided with continuous passages communicating from fiber to fiber, which are readily permeated by air and moisture.
- the heart wood represents wood which is no longer growing, and the passages are either partially or whereas the heart wood treated in the same mann'er does not'become filled with water and consequently has a lower specific gravity due to the entrapped air. in the closed passages. This phenomenon affords a practical basis for separating the heart wood from the sap wood, since after treatment the heart wood floats on water, whereas the sap wood sinks.
- the permeation of the sap wood with water may be accomplished in a variety of ways, two of the most practicable being hereinafter described.
- the chips are subjected in any suitable manner to a vacuum sufficient to withdraw air from the open passages in the sap wood. After the vacuum treatment, the chips are submerged in water which replaces the air withdrawn from the passages, causing the sap wood to become heavier.
- the heart wood is not affected appreciably bythis treatment, and the chips which consist principally of heart wood float on the water, whereas the sap woodchips sink.
- Mechanical means of any suitable type may be employed then to separate the two constituents.
- the air in the sap wood chips may be driven off by heating the chips to a suitable temperature, for example about 212 F. Any suitable heating arrangement may be employed, but I prefer to introduce steam in quantity sufiicient to raise the temperature of the chips to approximately the temperature in- In describing the operation in more detail, I
- the essential a suitable vessel, preferably cylindrical and constructed of steel or other suitable material to withstand a vacuum of about 28 inches of mercury.
- a pipe 6 Connected to the bottom of the vessel 5 is a pipe 6 of large diameter and not less than 30 feet in length.
- the vessel 8 is provided with anopening at its top adapted to be sealed by a vacuum-tight closure I.
- a valve for example a perforated plug 8. is provided in the opening at the juncture of the vessel! and the pipe 6, to permit the passage of water, but retaining the chips in the vessel 5,
- the plug 8 may be connected by a chain 8 to the upper part of the receptacle 5 to facilitate manipulation.
- the end of the pipe 6 extends into a tank It and the valve 22, adapted to be swung from'the full line position to that shown in dotted lines by any suitable mechanical means, is provided at the bottom of the pipe 6 to close or open the outlet to the tank It during the operation.
- a suitable pump ll connected by a pipe I2 to a source of water supply is provided with a discharge outlet l3 having a valve 14, so that water may be delivered as desired into the pipe 8.
- a suitable conveyor it permits delivery of the chips'to the opening at the top of the vessel 8.
- a conveyor I6 is adapted to deliver the chips which sink to the bottom of the tank to a sump ll, from which the chips are removed by a conveyor is.
- a conveyor l9' is adapted to withdraw chips from the surface of the water in the tank Hi and to deliver them to a trough 20 from which they are withdrawn by a conveyor 2!. It is to be understood that the several conveyors are actuated by suitable mechanical devices, not shown since they are well known in the art.
- the vessel 6 is first filled with chips consisting of heart and sap wood.
- the chips are prevented from falling into the pipe 8 by the plug 8.
- the valve 22 is closed and the valve is is opened. and the pump II is then actuated to supply water to the pipe 0.
- the water eventually rises until all of the chips are submerged and the vessel 5 is filled.
- the closure 1 is then secured, the valve I4 is closed, and the valve 22 is opened.
- the column of water falls to a point where it is supported by atmospheric pressure and induces a vacuum in the receptacle 5 of from 26 to 28 inches of mercury.
- the vacuum need be maintained only for a period of approximately 2 to 5 minutes in order to withdraw the air from the chips of sap wood.
- the valve 22 is. then closed, the valve I4 is opened, and the pump,
- the closure I is then opened and the plug 8 is raised, permitting the chips to descend into the pipe 6.
- the valve 22 is then opened, permitting the mass of water and chips to flow into the tank Ill.
- the chips of sap wood which have become saturated with water sink to the bottom of the tank, whereas the heart wood chips float.
- the chips of sap wood and heart wood are withdrawn respectively by the conveyors I6 and I8 and discharged from the apparatus.
- the sap wood chips may be dethis apparatus, a column 22 of suitable height is provided to receive chips supplied continuously by conveyor 24. The operation is continuous, the chips moving gradually down the column 23, in which they are subjected to the effect of steam supplied through a plurality of pipes 25 having valves 26.
- the chips Asthe chips descend, they are heated to approximately 212 F., and air trapped in the open passages of the sap wood is driven oil, The chips eventually descend to the bottom of the column and are picked up by a conveyor 21 which delivers the chips to a tank 28 filled with water.
- the water immediately fills the passages in the sap wood from which air has been driven off. It cannot, however, enter the closed passages of the heart wood, and consequently the heart wood floats, whereas the sap wood sinks.
- the sap wood is withdrawn from the bottom of the tank 28 by a conveyor 29 which delivers it to storage for treatment by the sulphite process.
- the heart wood is taken on by a conveyor 30 from the surface of the water in the tank 28, and delivered to storage for treatment by an alkaline pulping process.
- the method as conducted in the apparatus shown in Fig. 1 is intermittent, whereas in the apparatus shown in Fig. 2 it is continuous.
- the adoption and use of one or the other of these procedures will dependupon existing-economic conditions. Where an adequate quantity of exhaust steam is available and inexpensive, it will be found most economical to operate in the apparatus shown in Fig. 2. Where the cost of steam is high, the vacuum-system as illustrated in Fig. 1 is more economical.
- Either procedure results in the efficient separation of sap wood from heart wood and permits the manufacture of high grade sulphite pulp from species of coniferous woods which ordinarily cannot be treated successfully by the sulphite process. Since the constituents of the wood after separation are each available for separate treatment by processes to which they are suited, it is possible to recover all of the available material in the form of satisfactory pulp.
- the improvement which comprises reducing both the heart wood and the sap wood of a piece of coniferous wood to chips, treating a mixed mass of the heart wood and sap wood chips to increase the apparent specific gravity of the sap wood chips relative to the apparent specific gravity of the heart wood chips, and eflecting separation of the heart wood and sap wood chips lay the diflerence in their apparent specific gravi- 2.
- the improvement which comand replacing it with water to thereby increase their apparent specific gravity relative to the apparent specific gravity of the heart wood chips, and effecting separation of the heart wood and sap wood chips by the difference in their specific gravities.
- the improvement which comprises reducing both the heart wood and the sap wood of a piece of coniferous wood to chips, removing air from the cells of the sap wood chips and replacing it with water to thereby increase their apparent specific gravity relative to the apparent specific gravity of the heart wood chips, and effecting separation of the heart wood chips from the sap wood chips by floating the heart wood chips in an aqueous medium in which the sap wood chips sink.
- the improvement which comprises reducing both the heart wood and the sap wood of a piece of coniferous wood to chips, subjecting a mixed mass of the heart wood and sap wood chips to a partial vacuum for a length of time sufficient to extract air from the cells of the sap wood chips, thereafter maintaining the mass of chips in a body of water for a length of time sufficient for water to permeate the evacuated cells of the sap wood chips and hereby increase their apparent specific gravity relative to the apparent specific gravity of th heart wood chips, and effecting separation of the heart wood and sap wood chips by the difference in their apparent specific gravities.
- the improvement which comprises reducing both the heart wood and the sap wood of a piece of coniferous wood to chips, subjecting a mixed mass of the heart wood and sap wood 40 chips in a closed chamber to a partial vacuum induced by the weight of a column of water for a length of time sufiicient to extract air from the cells of the sap wood chips, thereafter immediately flooding the chips with water until'the water 45 fills the evacuated cells in the sap wood chips and increases their apparent specific gravity relative to the apparent specific gravity of the heart wood chips, and effecting separation of the heart and sap wood chips by the difference in their apparent specific gravities.
- the improvement which comprises reducing both the heart wood and the sap wood of a piece of coniferous wood to chips, heating a mixed mass of the heart wood and sap wood chips for a length of time sufilcient to expel air from the sap wood chips, and thereafter immediately quenching the mass of chips in water, whereby the sap wood chips absorb excess water and have their apparent specific gravity increased relative to the apparent specific gravity of the heart wood chipsand sink while the heart wood chips float.
- the improvement which comprises reducing both the heart wood and the sap wood of a piece of coniferous wood to chips, heating a mixed mass of the heart wood and sap wood chips with steam for a length of time sufilcient to expel air from the sap wood chips, and thereafter immediately quenching the mass of chips in water, wherby the sap wood chips absorb excess water and have their apparent specific gravity increased relative to the apparent specific gravity of the heart wood chips and sink while the heart wood chips float.
- the improvement which comprises reducing both the heart wood and the sap wood of a piece of coniferous wood to chips, heating a mixed mass of the heart wood and sap wood chips with steam at approximately 212 F. for a length of time sufficient to expel air from the sap wood chips, and thereafter immediately quenching the mass of chips in water, whereby the sap wood chips absorb excess water and have their apparent specific gravity increased relative to the apparent specific gravity of the heart wood chips and sink while the heart wood chips float.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
Description
DEC. 17, v QS 2,225,459
METHOD OF SEPARATING THE HEART AND SAP WOOD CONSTITUENTS OF CONIFEROUS WOODS Filed July 29, 1939 2 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR 9:1/7 e 2/; fuse ATTORN EY5 Dec. 17, 1940. G. v. PALMROSE 2,225,459
METHOD OF SEPARATING THE HEART AND SAP WOOD CONSTITUENTS OF CONIFEROUS WOODS Filed y 29, 3 2 Sheef s-Sheet 2 INVENTOR 9 7a /01 mug ATTORNEYS Patented Dec. 17, 1940 PATENT orrica METHOD OF SEPARATING THE AND SAP WOOD CONSTITUENTS F CONIF- mtoUs woons George V. Palmrose, Long-view, Wash., assignor,
by direct and mesne asaignments, toweyerhaeuser Timber Company, Longview, Wasln, a. corporation of Washington Application July 29, 1935, Serial No. 287,282
8 Claims.
This invention relates to the separation of the heart and sap wood constituentsof coniferous woods, and particularly to the preparation of such materials for pulping.
There are a number of species of coniferous woods which are not readily reduced to cellulose by the sulphite process. Attempts to treat such woods usually result in non-uniform pulp and a high percentage of screenings. Examination of the screenings discloses that they consist mostly ofheart wood which is not readily amendable to treatment by the sulphite process. Examination of thepulp indicates that a portion of the wood has been over-cooked, whereas anotherportion is under-cooked, so that the pulp is of little value. It requires usually a very high proportion of chlorine to bleach it to a satisfactory whiteness, and the eventual product is unsatisfactory.
Some attempt has been made heretofore to avoid this difllcultyby the selection of relatively immature trees in which the sap wood predomicontain a larger proportion of heart wood, de-
pending upon growth, soiland climatic conditions, and it is practically impossible to select trees for treatment on the basis of age, so as to avoid the difllculties hereinbefore mentioned.
It is the object of the present invention to afford a simple and satisfactory method of separating the heart from the sap wood after the material has been reduced to chips, thus permitting selection of the sap wood for treatment by the sulphite process. The separated heart woodcan be treated satisfactorily by the kraft or sulphate process, to produce pulp of the desired quality, so that all the wood can be utilized successfully.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent as it is better understood by reference to the following specification, in which the preferred embodiments of the invention are described in connection with the drawings, in which a Fig. 1 is a diagrammaticview of an apparatus adapted for use in the practice of the invention; and
Fig. 2 is a similar view illustrating an alternative structure adapted to be similarly employed.
The sap wood, of all species of coniferous woods, is more open in its structure and is provided with continuous passages communicating from fiber to fiber, which are readily permeated by air and moisture. The heart wood, on the other hand, represents wood which is no longer growing, and the passages are either partially or whereas the heart wood treated in the same mann'er does not'become filled with water and consequently has a lower specific gravity due to the entrapped air. in the closed passages. This phenomenon affords a practical basis for separating the heart wood from the sap wood, since after treatment the heart wood floats on water, whereas the sap wood sinks.
The permeation of the sap wood with water may be accomplished in a variety of ways, two of the most practicable being hereinafter described. In one method. the chips are subjected in any suitable manner to a vacuum sufficient to withdraw air from the open passages in the sap wood. After the vacuum treatment, the chips are submerged in water which replaces the air withdrawn from the passages, causing the sap wood to become heavier. The heart wood is not affected appreciably bythis treatment, and the chips which consist principally of heart wood float on the water, whereas the sap woodchips sink. Mechanical means of any suitable type may be employed then to separate the two constituents.
As an alternative procedure, the air in the sap wood chips may be driven off by heating the chips to a suitable temperature, for example about 212 F. Any suitable heating arrangement may be employed, but I prefer to introduce steam in quantity sufiicient to raise the temperature of the chips to approximately the temperature in- In describing the operation in more detail, I
shall refer to typical equipment illustrated in the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood, however, that numerous variations in the details of equipment are possible, and that the invention is not limited to any particular type of equipment or to details of procedure. The essential a suitable vessel, preferably cylindrical and constructed of steel or other suitable material to withstand a vacuum of about 28 inches of mercury. Connected to the bottom of the vessel 5 is a pipe 6 of large diameter and not less than 30 feet in length. The vessel 8 is provided with anopening at its top adapted to be sealed by a vacuum-tight closure I. A valve, for example a perforated plug 8. is provided in the opening at the juncture of the vessel! and the pipe 6, to permit the passage of water, but retaining the chips in the vessel 5, The plug 8 may be connected by a chain 8 to the upper part of the receptacle 5 to facilitate manipulation.
The end of the pipe 6 extends into a tank It and the valve 22, adapted to be swung from'the full line position to that shown in dotted lines by any suitable mechanical means, is provided at the bottom of the pipe 6 to close or open the outlet to the tank It during the operation. A suitable pump ll connected by a pipe I2 to a source of water supply is provided with a discharge outlet l3 having a valve 14, so that water may be delivered as desired into the pipe 8.
A suitable conveyor it permits delivery of the chips'to the opening at the top of the vessel 8. In the bottom of the tank III a conveyor I6 is adapted to deliver the chips which sink to the bottom of the tank to a sump ll, from which the chips are removed by a conveyor is. A conveyor l9'is adapted to withdraw chips from the surface of the water in the tank Hi and to deliver them to a trough 20 from which they are withdrawn by a conveyor 2!. It is to be understood that the several conveyors are actuated by suitable mechanical devices, not shown since they are well known in the art.
In the operation of the method, in apparatus such as that described, the vessel 6 is first filled with chips consisting of heart and sap wood. The chips are prevented from falling into the pipe 8 by the plug 8. The valve 22 is closed and the valve is is opened. and the pump II is then actuated to supply water to the pipe 0. The water eventually rises until all of the chips are submerged and the vessel 5 is filled. The closure 1 is then secured, the valve I4 is closed, and the valve 22 is opened. The column of water falls to a point where it is supported by atmospheric pressure and induces a vacuum in the receptacle 5 of from 26 to 28 inches of mercury. The vacuum need be maintained only for a period of approximately 2 to 5 minutes in order to withdraw the air from the chips of sap wood. The valve 22 is. then closed, the valve I4 is opened, and the pump,
is started to force the water again to rise in the vessel 5 until the vessel is full. The closure I is then opened and the plug 8 is raised, permitting the chips to descend into the pipe 6. The valve 22 is then opened, permitting the mass of water and chips to flow into the tank Ill. Here the chips of sap wood which have become saturated with water sink to the bottom of the tank, whereas the heart wood chips float. The chips of sap wood and heart wood are withdrawn respectively by the conveyors I6 and I8 and discharged from the apparatus. The sap wood chips may be dethis apparatus, a column 22 of suitable height is provided to receive chips supplied continuously by conveyor 24. The operation is continuous, the chips moving gradually down the column 23, in which they are subjected to the effect of steam supplied through a plurality of pipes 25 having valves 26. Asthe chips descend, they are heated to approximately 212 F., and air trapped in the open passages of the sap wood is driven oil, The chips eventually descend to the bottom of the column and are picked up by a conveyor 21 which delivers the chips to a tank 28 filled with water. The water immediately fills the passages in the sap wood from which air has been driven off. It cannot, however, enter the closed passages of the heart wood, and consequently the heart wood floats, whereas the sap wood sinks. The sap wood is withdrawn from the bottom of the tank 28 by a conveyor 29 which delivers it to storage for treatment by the sulphite process. The heart wood is taken on by a conveyor 30 from the surface of the water in the tank 28, and delivered to storage for treatment by an alkaline pulping process.
The method as conducted in the apparatus shown in Fig. 1 is intermittent, whereas in the apparatus shown in Fig. 2 it is continuous. The adoption and use of one or the other of these procedures will dependupon existing-economic conditions. Where an adequate quantity of exhaust steam is available and inexpensive, it will be found most economical to operate in the apparatus shown in Fig. 2. Where the cost of steam is high, the vacuum-system as illustrated in Fig. 1 is more economical. Either procedure results in the efficient separation of sap wood from heart wood and permits the manufacture of high grade sulphite pulp from species of coniferous woods which ordinarily cannot be treated successfully by the sulphite process. Since the constituents of the wood after separation are each available for separate treatment by processes to which they are suited, it is possible to recover all of the available material in the form of satisfactory pulp.
Various changes may be 'made in the procedure and in the apparatus employed without departing from the invention or sacrificing any of its 'advantages.
I claim:
1. In the method of preparing coniferous woods for pulping, the improvement which comprises reducing both the heart wood and the sap wood of a piece of coniferous wood to chips, treating a mixed mass of the heart wood and sap wood chips to increase the apparent specific gravity of the sap wood chips relative to the apparent specific gravity of the heart wood chips, and eflecting separation of the heart wood and sap wood chips lay the diflerence in their apparent specific gravi- 2. In the method of preparing coniferous 7o woods for pulping. the improvement which comand replacing it with water to thereby increase their apparent specific gravity relative to the apparent specific gravity of the heart wood chips, and effecting separation of the heart wood and sap wood chips by the difference in their specific gravities. V
3. In the method of preparing coniferous woods for pulping, the improvement which comprises reducing both the heart wood and the sap wood of a piece of coniferous wood to chips, removing air from the cells of the sap wood chips and replacing it with water to thereby increase their apparent specific gravity relative to the apparent specific gravity of the heart wood chips, and effecting separation of the heart wood chips from the sap wood chips by floating the heart wood chips in an aqueous medium in which the sap wood chips sink.
4. In the method of preparing coniferous woods for pulping, the improvement which comprises reducing both the heart wood and the sap wood of a piece of coniferous wood to chips, subjecting a mixed mass of the heart wood and sap wood chips to a partial vacuum for a length of time sufficient to extract air from the cells of the sap wood chips, thereafter maintaining the mass of chips in a body of water for a length of time sufficient for water to permeate the evacuated cells of the sap wood chips and hereby increase their apparent specific gravity relative to the apparent specific gravity of th heart wood chips, and effecting separation of the heart wood and sap wood chips by the difference in their apparent specific gravities.
5. In the method of preparing coniferous woods for pulping, the improvement which comprises reducing both the heart wood and the sap wood of a piece of coniferous wood to chips, subjecting a mixed mass of the heart wood and sap wood 40 chips in a closed chamber to a partial vacuum induced by the weight of a column of water for a length of time sufiicient to extract air from the cells of the sap wood chips, thereafter immediately flooding the chips with water until'the water 45 fills the evacuated cells in the sap wood chips and increases their apparent specific gravity relative to the apparent specific gravity of the heart wood chips, and effecting separation of the heart and sap wood chips by the difference in their apparent specific gravities.
6. In the method of preparing coniferous woods for pulping, the improvement which comprises reducing both the heart wood and the sap wood of a piece of coniferous wood to chips, heating a mixed mass of the heart wood and sap wood chips for a length of time sufilcient to expel air from the sap wood chips, and thereafter immediately quenching the mass of chips in water, whereby the sap wood chips absorb excess water and have their apparent specific gravity increased relative to the apparent specific gravity of the heart wood chipsand sink while the heart wood chips float.
7. In the method of preparing coniferous woods for pulping, the improvement which comprises reducing both the heart wood and the sap wood of a piece of coniferous wood to chips, heating a mixed mass of the heart wood and sap wood chips with steam for a length of time sufilcient to expel air from the sap wood chips, and thereafter immediately quenching the mass of chips in water, wherby the sap wood chips absorb excess water and have their apparent specific gravity increased relative to the apparent specific gravity of the heart wood chips and sink while the heart wood chips float.
8. In the method of preparing coniferous woods for pulping, the improvement which comprises reducing both the heart wood and the sap wood of a piece of coniferous wood to chips, heating a mixed mass of the heart wood and sap wood chips with steam at approximately 212 F. for a length of time sufficient to expel air from the sap wood chips, and thereafter immediately quenching the mass of chips in water, whereby the sap wood chips absorb excess water and have their apparent specific gravity increased relative to the apparent specific gravity of the heart wood chips and sink while the heart wood chips float.
GEORGE V. PALMROSE.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US287282A US2225459A (en) | 1939-07-29 | 1939-07-29 | Method of separating the heart and sap wood constituents of coniferous woods |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US287282A US2225459A (en) | 1939-07-29 | 1939-07-29 | Method of separating the heart and sap wood constituents of coniferous woods |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2225459A true US2225459A (en) | 1940-12-17 |
Family
ID=23102223
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US287282A Expired - Lifetime US2225459A (en) | 1939-07-29 | 1939-07-29 | Method of separating the heart and sap wood constituents of coniferous woods |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2225459A (en) |
Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2451528A (en) * | 1943-06-28 | 1948-10-19 | James A Armstrong | Method for separating worm-damaged nuts from sound nuts by immersion in a gravity liquid |
US2464005A (en) * | 1945-05-26 | 1949-03-08 | Frank A Teague | Process and apparatus for separating meat from shell fragments of cracked nuts |
US2483372A (en) * | 1947-10-29 | 1949-09-27 | Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc | Heavy gravity liquid separation of porous catalyst |
US2596015A (en) * | 1948-11-02 | 1952-05-06 | Archibald B Dunwody | Wood-chip preparation for digesters from unbarked logs |
US2631968A (en) * | 1953-03-17 | Sheetsxsheet i | ||
US2760234A (en) * | 1949-12-21 | 1956-08-28 | Gruendler Crusher And Pulveriz | Methods of defiberizing bagasse |
US2764289A (en) * | 1956-09-25 | Apparatus for the preparation of wood chips | ||
US3032188A (en) * | 1959-02-16 | 1962-05-01 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Method of separating wood chips from bark chips |
US3249219A (en) * | 1964-11-13 | 1966-05-03 | J J Res & Dev Inc | Separation of nutmeat fragments from shell fragments |
US3430764A (en) * | 1967-10-31 | 1969-03-04 | Moody Dunbar Inc | Flotation separator for pepper cores and meats |
US3478875A (en) * | 1966-09-27 | 1969-11-18 | James H Roberts | Method and apparatus for separating nut meats from shells |
US4022685A (en) * | 1974-06-28 | 1977-05-10 | Michel Tisseau | Method of separating products of different density and apparatus for carrying out the method |
US4245553A (en) * | 1977-09-22 | 1981-01-20 | Asahimatsu Koridofu Kabushiki Kaisha | Bean treating apparatus |
US4809854A (en) * | 1987-01-12 | 1989-03-07 | Nelmor Co., Inc. | Flotation apparatus for reclaiming bonded, two-resin articles |
WO1998036839A1 (en) * | 1997-02-24 | 1998-08-27 | Delp Reinhard C | Method and apparatus for extracting plant resins |
-
1939
- 1939-07-29 US US287282A patent/US2225459A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2764289A (en) * | 1956-09-25 | Apparatus for the preparation of wood chips | ||
US2631968A (en) * | 1953-03-17 | Sheetsxsheet i | ||
US2451528A (en) * | 1943-06-28 | 1948-10-19 | James A Armstrong | Method for separating worm-damaged nuts from sound nuts by immersion in a gravity liquid |
US2464005A (en) * | 1945-05-26 | 1949-03-08 | Frank A Teague | Process and apparatus for separating meat from shell fragments of cracked nuts |
US2483372A (en) * | 1947-10-29 | 1949-09-27 | Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc | Heavy gravity liquid separation of porous catalyst |
US2596015A (en) * | 1948-11-02 | 1952-05-06 | Archibald B Dunwody | Wood-chip preparation for digesters from unbarked logs |
US2760234A (en) * | 1949-12-21 | 1956-08-28 | Gruendler Crusher And Pulveriz | Methods of defiberizing bagasse |
US3032188A (en) * | 1959-02-16 | 1962-05-01 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Method of separating wood chips from bark chips |
US3249219A (en) * | 1964-11-13 | 1966-05-03 | J J Res & Dev Inc | Separation of nutmeat fragments from shell fragments |
US3478875A (en) * | 1966-09-27 | 1969-11-18 | James H Roberts | Method and apparatus for separating nut meats from shells |
US3430764A (en) * | 1967-10-31 | 1969-03-04 | Moody Dunbar Inc | Flotation separator for pepper cores and meats |
US4022685A (en) * | 1974-06-28 | 1977-05-10 | Michel Tisseau | Method of separating products of different density and apparatus for carrying out the method |
US4245553A (en) * | 1977-09-22 | 1981-01-20 | Asahimatsu Koridofu Kabushiki Kaisha | Bean treating apparatus |
US4809854A (en) * | 1987-01-12 | 1989-03-07 | Nelmor Co., Inc. | Flotation apparatus for reclaiming bonded, two-resin articles |
WO1998036839A1 (en) * | 1997-02-24 | 1998-08-27 | Delp Reinhard C | Method and apparatus for extracting plant resins |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US2225459A (en) | Method of separating the heart and sap wood constituents of coniferous woods | |
US2640774A (en) | Production of cellulose pulp | |
US2681871A (en) | Method and apparatus for hydrolyzing cellulosic materials | |
US3476078A (en) | Vacuum impregnating apparatus | |
US4106487A (en) | Continuous steeping of corn for wet processing to starches, syrups and feeds | |
US1872548A (en) | Method of clearing fibers out of a vessel | |
US2451528A (en) | Method for separating worm-damaged nuts from sound nuts by immersion in a gravity liquid | |
US2124284A (en) | Separation of starch from gluten | |
US3902962A (en) | Liquid separator for lignocellulose containing material | |
US4091722A (en) | Apparatus for steam peeling produce | |
US2999784A (en) | Process and apparatus for the treatment of fibrous materials in the production of cellulose or semi-cellulose | |
US2809111A (en) | Apparatus for wood chip digestion | |
US2638837A (en) | Apparatus for treating granular material in a continuous process | |
US3700548A (en) | Apparatus and methods of continuous digesting | |
US1648111A (en) | Method of treating sulphate and soda pulp | |
US3040882A (en) | Fibrous material and method and apparatus for packaging the same | |
US1978078A (en) | Method of producing tomato products | |
US675833A (en) | Apparatus for assorting wood-chips. | |
US3116682A (en) | Drainage container | |
FI60731B (en) | SAETTING OVER ANORDINATION FOR SELECTIVE IMPREGNERING OF HETEROGENT FIBER MATERIAL FOR COOKING | |
JPH0214474B2 (en) | ||
US3076501A (en) | Apparatus for treating fibrous materials in the production of cellulose or semi-cellulose | |
US1511238A (en) | Method eor treating material | |
US1566623A (en) | Device for treating material | |
SE174656C1 (en) |