US2208488A - Incinerator - Google Patents

Description

July 16, 1940. G. ANDERSON INCINERATOR Filed Aug. 24, 1938 2 Sheets-Sheet Z PZ; 6 24 02 July 16, 1949. G. ANDERSON INCINERATOR Filed Aug. 24 1938 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 I il llllJ Patented July 16, 1940 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 4 Claims.

This invention relates to incinerators for the burning of garbage and other waste matter of a combustible nature; and among the objects of the invention are to provide an improved incinerator of that general type wherein the air to support combustion is directed upwardly through vertical air fiues in the vertical walls of the combustion chamber, so that the charge burns from the sides toward the middle, instead of the reverse, to provide an improved incinerator that does not require the use of a gas or other burner, or any pit space below the grate, to provide an improved incinerator of the forced draft type, wherein the air entering under forced draft is so drected and controlled as to effect a thorough burning of the refuse, to provide, in association with the main forced draft air supply, a means preferably taking the form of hinged louvers or shutters located above and below the main air supply through which any down draft that may occur is checked, and additional air, whenever needed, isautomatically delivered for proper conbustion, to provide an improved grate structure that also forms the solid bottom wall of the combustion chamber and has air fiues between the grate bars that conduct the forced draft to the lower ends of the Vertical air fiues in the side and rear walls of the combustion chamber, and to provide an improved fire clay lining for the inner sides of the top, bottom and front, rear and side walls of the metal incinerator casing.

Still other objects and attendant advantages of the invention will be apparent to persons skilled in the art to which it belongs from the following detailed description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings in which I have illustrated a practical embodiment of the structural principles, and wherein Fig. 1 is a perspective elevation of the incinerator. i

Fig. 2 is an enlarged horizontal section, taken on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1. A

Fig. 3 is a vertical front-to-rear section, taken on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a transverse vertical section through the bottom wall and grate, taken on the line 4-4 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is an enlarged sectional detail in the vertical plane of the louver controlling the upper auxiliary draft opening.

The shell or casing of the improved incinerator preferably consists of a metal body casting ccmprising a front wall sa, a rear wall II, and side walls i2 cast as a unit and formed with rounded corners !3. Tightly fitted into the bottom of this body structure and spot-welded thereto is an angle iron base ring !4 that constitutes a support for the metal bottom wall I 5 of the casing. This latter, asshown in Fig. 3, is horii zontal for the most part, but at its forward portion has an' upwardly inclined hollow portion I& that serves to support a correspondingly inclined fire clay platform l'l, the top of which registers with the lower edge of a clean-out opening |8 formed in the lower portion of the front wall ID.

Surmounting the body portion of the shell or casing is a deme-type roof that includes a cast metal hollow cover IS, the lower edge of which fits and rests upon the upper edge of the body and is equipped with an internal sleeve 20 secured thereto as by screws 2| that telescopes within the upper end of the body of the casing,

this sleeve being attached to the latter as by o spot-welding indicated at 22.

In the rear portion of the cover !S is an opening 23, over which is fitted a collar 24 attached as by bolts`25 that extend through a fiange 26 on the member 24 and the cover wall into a body of fire clay lining 21 that fills the greater portion of the cover shell !5. In the forward portion of the cover |9 is a larger opening 28 into which is fitted an angle ring 29 that defines a feed opening, this latter being normally closed by a hinged cover 30 that, by means of a knob 3l, can be readily swung to one side or the other to open and close the feed opening. The angle ring 29 is Secured in place by bolts 32, similar to the bolts 25, embedded in the fire clay lining 21. i

The bottom IS is oovered by a horizontal fire clay lining 33, on the top surface of which are parallel fire clay grate bars 34 that extend from front to rear and form between them air passages 35.

The side walls !2 and rear wall ll are internally covered with fire- proof linings 35 and 31 respectively by means of suitably shaped molds inserted in the body after the bottom lining 33 and its grate bars 34 have been applied. These molds are such as to form Vertical air flues 38 and 39 (Fig. 2) in 'the lining of the side and rear walls that are open at their lower ends to the horizontal fiues 35 in the bottom lining, and at their upper ends communicate freely with the i open space in the lower portion of the roof or cover.

By the use of suitably shaped molds, there is also cast on the inner surface of the front wall ID a fire clay lining* 40 that includes a substantially thickened'portion 40', in which latter is molded a chamber a that houses an electric motor 42 that operates a direct driven fan 43. To supply air to the fan 43 a portion of the wall covering the rear of the chamber M is formed with a circular row of openings 44 (Fig. 1). By reference to Fig. 3, it will be seen that the motor and fan are so mounted as to direct the air in a downward and forward direction directly into the horizontal air flues 35 of the bottom, whence the air fiows upwardly through the vertical ues 38 and 39 into the dome or cover, the heated air,

products of combustion and acids finding ready` vent through the collar 2:3; the lining El having an opening &5 registering with the opening 23.'

Thus the circulation of air through the combustible material is mainly around the sides of the latter instead of through the center, so that the material burns from the outside inwardly which eifects a much cleaner and more thorough combustion and Consumption than where the material burns in the reverse direction.

I am aware .that it has heretofore been proposed to direct the flow of air and products of combustion from an ash pit upwardly through Vertical flues in the front, rear and side walls of incinerators using gas or other burners beneath the grate. My incinerator, on the contrary, is a burnerless incinerator, and combuston is maintained after the refuse has been ignited by a forced draft of air that fiows first through the air ducts in the gate and thence through the vertical ducts in the side walls. Should the incinerator contain garbage too wet to burn readily, a short period of operation of the air forcing device, before igniting the material to be burned, suffciently dries out the material to render it combustible without the aid of gas, oil or other burners.

To so regulate the flow of air as to secure 'proper combustion, the front Wall of the incinerainto a flaring chamber 49 formed in a fire clay lining 59 that is molded on the inner side of a clean-out door 5! that Controls. the opening s. The door 5! is preferably cast with apertured lugs 52 on its inner side through which is strung a net work of wire 53 for anchoring the fire clay lining 50.

In both of the chambers 48 and 49 are mounted automatically closing hinged louvers 54 and 55 respectively. These louvers open automatically to supply additional or secondary air if required to maintain perfect combustion, while they close automatically to prevent the issuance of smoke or gases through the front wall of the incinerator in the event of back pressure within the latter.

The loaded incinerator is fired by opening the front door fil, pressing the paper and/or other refuse inwardly, igniting it with a match, closing the front door, and then closing the switch (not shown) in the circuit of the motor 42.

Practical experience With the incinerator above described has demonstrated that where the forced draft is used the fire burns into the debris for approximately 100% disposal, leaving only a fine fly ash which from time to time may be cleaned oif the grate by opening the door 5! and sweeping the ash out over the platform !1. The

While I have herein shown and described one practical and improved embodiment of the invention which satisfactorily effectuates the stated purposes and objects thereof, it is evident that changes and variations in minor details may be resorted to without departing from the principles involved, and hence, I reserve all such Variations and modifications as fall within the spirit and purview of the appended claims.

I claim: V

1. In an incinerator of the class described, the combination with a metal casing, of vertically fiuted fire clay linings on the rear and side walls, a horizontally fluted fire clay lining on the bottom wall, the flutes of said latter lining communicating with the lower ends of the fiutes of said rear and side wall linings, a dome-type roof having a fire clay lining, and means for forcing a draft of air into and through the fiutes of said bottom wall lining and thence upwardly through the flutes of said rear and side walls.

2. In an incinerator of the class described, the combination with a metal casing, of vertically fiuted fire clay linings on the rear and side walls, a horizontally fluted fire clay lining on the bottom wall, the fiutes of said latter lining communicating with the lower ends of the fiutes of said rear and side Wall linings, and a motor driven fan mounted on the front wall of said casing at a suitable angie to force a blast of air obliquely downward and into and through the fiutes of said bottom wall lining and thence upwardly through the flutes of said rear and side walls.

3. In an incinerator of the class described, the combination with a metal casing, of vertically fluted fire clay linings on the rear and side walls,

a horizontally fluted fire clay lining on the botv tom wall, the flutes of said latter lining communicating with the lower ends of the fiutes of said rear and side wall linings, a fire clay lining on the front wall of said casing, said front wall lining formed with a chamber communicating with the exterior atmosphere through vent holes in said front wall, and an electric motor and fan so mounted in said chamber as to direct a blast of air obliquely downwardly on to said bottom wall fire clay lining.

4. In an incinerator of the class described, a casing having a deme-type roof equipped with a discharge fiue, vertically fluted side and rear walls the fiutes of which communicate at their upper ends with said roof and serve for the up fiow of air and gases, a horizontally fiuted bottom wall serving as a grate, the flutes of said bottom wall communicating with the lower ends of the Vertical fiutes of said side and rear walls, and a front wall formed with vertically spaced air inlets, an air forcing member so mounted on said front wall opposite one of said air inlets as to force the air blast in a downward and forward direction whereby the air flows through the flutes of said bottom, side and rear walls and thence into the roof and through the discharge flue, and hinged louvers mounted on said front wall opposite the other of said air inlets, said louvers opening inwardly of said casing.

GEORGE ANDERSON.

Images