US2247897A - Spray nozzle - Google Patents

Description

vform of spray desired.

form of spray nozzle; y

Patented July 1, 1941 OFI-lcs SPRAY NOZZLE Fred W. wahlin, chicago, nl., signor to spi-sying Systems Co., Chicago, Ill., a corporation o! Illinois ampliacion March zz, 1940, semi No. 325,381

2 claims. (ci. a99-A114) My inventionV relates to nozzles for spraying liquids in a hollow cone or parasol form and has reference more particularly to facilities for equalizing and directing the spray.

It is acommon practice to employ spray nozzles wherein liquid is introduced tangentially into a-circular chamber Ito impart rotation thereto and to discharge the rotating liquid through an axially disposed orifice so as to'spray the liquid in a hollow conical or parasol form.

It is important that the liquid discharge fromv` the orifice in a uniform or balanced hollow cone or parasol formi so as to insureV equalized and uniform range and distribution of the liquid spray about the axis of the orifice but this is diillcult to accomplish because the whirling-impulse is imparted 'to the liquid` inthe chamber at one side thereof and this tends to disturb the symmetry of the whirling body of liquid in the chamber and impart peripheral inequalities or variations in liquid flow through the orifice. Moreover such nozzles are required to be made with various spray angles so as to afford any desired spread, including parasol and flat circular forms of spray, and it is important that the liquid should discharge accurately from the nozzle in the proper direction to produce the particular The principal objects of my invention are ato `provide a spray nozzle of hollowcone, parasol or fiat circular spray type in Awhich a uniform symmetrical spray is assured; to accomplish such uniformity and symmetry of spray by a simple and convenient internal shaping of the nozzle chamber; to provide an improved parasol or flat circular spray nozzlein which the direction of discharge may be accurately controlled; and in general to provide an improved spray nozzle in l. a simple, compact and inexpensive form, Ithese and other objects being accomplished as pointed y out hereinafter and as shown in the accompanyl ing drawing, in which:

Fig. 1 is a view looking at the top of a spray nozzle constructed in accordance with my invention with a portion thereof in section on the line I-I of Fig,d 2.

Fig. 2 is Ia sectional view of the spray nozzle of Fig, 1 taken on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3ds a view, similar to Fig. 1, of another Fig. 4 is a sectional view Fig. 3; and

Figs. 5 and 6 are sectional viewsof modied forms of the spray nozzles of Figs. l and 3 respectively.

on the luie 4 4' of Referring to Figs. 1 and 2, the spray nozzle shown therein is oi' conventional form in the re-I spect that it comprises a body II with a circular whirl chamber I2 therein into which an inlet passageway I3 leads tangentially so as to impart rotary or whirling movement to the liquid in the chamber I2, the body II having at one side yof f the whirl chamber I2 land concentric therewith' a threaded opening I 4, preferably of the same diameter -as the chamber l2, with a threaded plug I5 therein which has a nozzle opening I6 therethrough axially aligned with the whirl chamber I2.

The nozzle opening I6 has a cylindrical mouth portion Il of a. diameter preferably slightly smaller than the diameter of the inlet passageway I3 and flares inwardly as indicated at I8 and I9 to the whirl chamber I2 and as the liquid enters the chamber I2 from the inlet passageway I3 itis whirled in the chamber I2 and expelled outwardly through the nozzle opening I6 in a centrally open rotating (seedotted lines 20) annular stream at suilicient axial velocity to form a.- thin hollow conical spray substantially as indicated at 2| in Fig. 2. At the outer end of the inlet passageway I3, the body Il may be formed Because of the tangential entry of the liquid into the vchamber I2 and the whirling impulse thus imparted tothe liquid at one side of the said shown which isadvantageous as it permits construction of the spray nozzle in a small compact.

chamber, irregularity or non-uniformity of liquid discharge around the orifice." ordinarily occurs which is quite objectionable as it results Y in a non-symmetrical or unbalanced spray 2i. I have found, however that by forming the whirl chamber I2l at the side remote from the nozzleoutlet with a cavity 23 lof relatively large diameter in axial alignment with the whirl chamber I2 'and outlet I6 and with an abrupt shoulder'24v therearound, .this corrects the inequalities or non-uniformity of liquid discharge around the orifice Il and insures a balanced symmetrical. hollow conical spray 2 I Such correction chamber or cavity 23 may be relatively shallow as form.

Instead oi' employing an apertured plug as in Figs. 1 and 2 through which the liquid is discharged, the nozzle may be made as in Fig. 5 with the discharge opening through a wall of the nozzle body 25 as indicated at 26 and the oppo- ,by a solid plug 23 site side oi the whirl chamber ill may be closed and the latter formed at the inner end with the correction or equalizing chamber or cavity 29 which serves the same purpose as the vchamber or cavity 33 of the structure oi Figs. l and 2. While the form of correction chamber shown at 23 in Figs. i surrounding wall thereof curving inwardly and downwardly from the shoulder 2&3 to the cham# ber bottom is preferred, the correction chambei y he made oi shallow cylindrical form as shown in Fig. 5 and the whirling chamber may also be cylindrical as shown at 2l in Fig. 5. An inlet passageway 33 leads tangentially into the whirl chamber as in the structure of Figs. 1 and 2 and at the outer end of this inlet passageway 3l!A the body 25 is formed for pipe connection therewith, as for example with internally threaded opening 3i.

Figs. 3 and 4 show a spray nozzle forparasol or extremely wide angle spray, in which the body 32 is formed with a whirl chamber 33 and provided with a discharge outlet 34, both of which are of much larger diameter in comparison with the inlet passageway 35 lthereof than in the structure of Figs. 1 and 2, the margin of the outlet 34 being curved outwardly as at -36 to provide a mouth with gradually increasing outward flare terminating in a flat conical outer face 31 which serves to direct the discharged liquid accurately in the selected direction of wide angle or parasol spray.

The inlet passageway 35 leads tangentially into the whirl chamber 33 as in the previously described structure to impart to the liquid in the chamber 33 a whirling or rotary movement so that the liquid ows to the outlet 34 in a hollow annular stream as shown by the dotted lines 38 in Fig. 4. The diameter of the chamber 33, as well as that of the outlet 34, is large in proportion to the diameter of the inlet passageway 35 to give the rapidly whirling liquid in the chamber 33 a slow enough outward or axial ve` locity so that the centrifugal force of the whirling liquid is suficiently greater than the outward or axial velocity to cause the issuing liquid to follow the curvature 3e, 31 ofthe outlet and discharge radially around the outlet in a parasol or flat spray form as indicated at 38 corresponding to the pitch or iiatness of the surface' 31. Thus the surface 31 serves vas a guide which controls the direction of discharge of the liquid and by changing the pitch of the surface 31 the direction of discharge may be varied.

' lin practice, ll have found -that the cross sectional area of the chamber. 33 should be not less than approximately eight or more times the cross sectional area. of the inlet passageway 35 and the outlet 34 should be large enough not only to avoid axial velocity which would interfere with orimpair the centrifugal,discharge but also to form an issuing stream of liquid of sufficient diameter to have ample centrifugal force to insure positive discharge of the liquid radially along the guide surface 31 and thereheyond to the desired spray range.

This spray nozzle, like those of Figs. l and 2, is provided with a shallow correction chamber or cavity-il@ at the side of the whirl chamber 33 y remote from the outlet 3d which said chamber or cavity dit has an abrupt shoulder il therearound and is in axial alignment with the whirl chamber 33 and outlet 35i and it is to be noted that in this structure, as well as that of Figs. land 2, the correction chamber extends atene side part way and 2 with the asa/inea? across the adjacent path oi the stream oi liquid entering through its tangential inlet. By reason of this correcting or equalizing chamber 40 the unbalanclng of liquid ilow due to the injection of liquid tangentially into the chamber 33 is counteracted and the outiiow of liquid at all places around the outlet 34 is equallzed and a balanced, uniform spray 39 is assured.

The spray nozzle body 32 is formed at the outer end. of the inlet passageway with any desired form of connection by which a pipe or duct may be attached to supply liquid to the passageway 35, an internally threaded opening 42 being shown herein for purposesof illustration.

Preferably the outlet opening 34 is formed inv a ring 43 which is pressed tightly into a seat 44 provided therefor in the wall of the body 32 at the side of the whirl. chamber 40 as shown in Fig. 4. However, since the size of the opening 34 is such vthat atool may be inserted therethrough to vform the chamber 33 and cavity 40, the spray nozzle may be of one piece construe tion as shown in Fig. 6. In this figure the parts vthereof corresponding to those of Fig. 4 have the same reference numerals applied thereto and it will be noted that the ring'43 of Fig. 4 is omitted and instead the body 32 is formed with an internal annular shoulder 45 surrounding the outlet 34 and shaped at 36 and 31 like the ring 43 of Fig. 4, the internal surface of Vthe whirl chamber 33 being ilared inwardly as indicated at 46 to the maximum diameter of the whirl chamber as clearly shown in Fig. 6.

In the operation of these spray nozzles the liquid is introduced under pressure through the respective tangential inlet passageway I3, 30 or 35 and imparts a whirling movement to the liquid in the respective chamber I2, 21 or 33 and as liquid continues to be supplied, it` is forced outwardly through the respective opening I6, 26 or 34. In each case the liquid issues through the respective opening in a hollow whirling stream which, by reason of the respective correction chamber 23, 29 or 40 is equalized or uniform around the respective opening. Because of the size relationship oi the outlets i6 and 26 to their respective whirlchambers I2 and 21 and their respective inlets I3 and 30, the axial velocity of the liquid through the outlets I6 and 21 is such with relation to the centrifugal force of the whirling stream that the liquid discharges in the form of a hollowv cone substantially as shown at 2|l in Fig. 2;

In the structures of Figs. 4 and 6, however, the size relationship of the outlet 34 and whirl chamber 33 to the inlet 35 is such that the centrifugal force of the whirling stream of issuing liquid sufciently exceeds the axial velocity, that the issuing liquid hugs the curved flaring surfaces 36 and 31 and the liquid is thus discharged in the dat conical or parasol form 39 in a direction determined by the atness or pitch of the gud- `let atone side and a relatively wide shallow circular cavity at the other side both axially aligned with said chamber, said chamber having an lnlet passageway leading thereto tangentially to inject liquid into the chamber and impart rota tion thereto and discharge same from the outlet in a hollow annular stream, said cavity having A at its juncture with the chamber a surrounding shoulder constructed and arranged to annularly i equalize outflow of liquid through the discharge with said chamber, said chamber having an inlet passageway leading thereto tangentially to inject liquid into the chamber and form therein an annular rotating body oi' liquid which is progressively discharged from the outlet in a hollow annular stream, said cavity being of a width to extend at one side part way across the annular zone oi' rotation of the lliquid in the chamber, saidcavity being constructed and arranged .l0 to annularly equalize outilow of liquid from the chamber through the discharge outlet. v FRED W. WAHLIN.

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