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US2122436A - Lighting system including electrical discharge tubes - Google Patents

Lighting system including electrical discharge tubes Download PDF

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Publication number
US2122436A
US2122436A US71880A US7188036A US2122436A US 2122436 A US2122436 A US 2122436A US 71880 A US71880 A US 71880A US 7188036 A US7188036 A US 7188036A US 2122436 A US2122436 A US 2122436A
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United States
Prior art keywords
current
system including
discharge tubes
lighting system
electrical discharge
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Expired - Lifetime
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US71880A
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Pirani Marcello
Reger Martin
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General Electric Co
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General Electric Co
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Publication date
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Publication of US2122436A publication Critical patent/US2122436A/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/16Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by DC or by low-frequency AC, e.g. by 50 cycles/sec AC, or with network frequencies
    • H05B41/20Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by DC or by low-frequency AC, e.g. by 50 cycles/sec AC, or with network frequencies having no starting switch
    • H05B41/23Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by DC or by low-frequency AC, e.g. by 50 cycles/sec AC, or with network frequencies having no starting switch for lamps not having an auxiliary starting electrode
    • H05B41/232Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by DC or by low-frequency AC, e.g. by 50 cycles/sec AC, or with network frequencies having no starting switch for lamps not having an auxiliary starting electrode for low-pressure lamps

Definitions

  • the object of the improvements is to provide a system of the class indicated and comprising a lighting tube charged with alternating current or with intermittent direct currentwhich emits a light which is steady, and with this object in view our invention consists in charging the tube with an additional current the phase of which is displaced relatively to the phase of the main current, the said current being transformed into intermittent current impulses which .are adapted to produce a light emission which is complementary to the light emission of the main current, and which therefore exactly fills out the dark spaces intermediate the light emission periods of the tube, the result being that the curve of the light intensity is the same as. that of a continuous current.
  • Fig. 1 is a diagram showing the light emission of a tube charged with sinusoidal alternating current and the light emission produced by subsidiary or superposed current impulses, and
  • Fig. 2 is a diagrammatical view showing the lighting tube and the electrical connection thereof.
  • the curve a of the intensity of the light emitted from a tube charged with the sinusoidal alternating current of 50 periods comprises successive periods of light emission and dark spaces.
  • the curve b shows the light emission of a subsidiaryalternating current the phase of which is displaced with relation to that of the main current, and which is shaped so as to produce comparatively short current impulses, the period and the shape of the curve I) being exactly complementary to the shape of the curve a, so that by addition of the said curves a line is obtained which is straight and parallel to the zero axis. Therefore in service the tube has uniform light intensity which is independent of the oscillationsof the alternating current and it emits a perfectly steady light.
  • the lighting tube 2 is provided with two electrodes I which are connected in a main circuit l2 including a source of alternating current 3 and a choking coil 4.
  • the main circuit l2 includes the secondary 5 of a transformer B, the primary 1 of which is included in a subsidiary circuit l3 which is connected to a source of alternating current 8.
  • the phase of the alternating current supplied from the source 8 is displaced with relation to the phase of the alternating current supplied by the source 3 so that current impulses are produced in the circuit l3 during the dark porcircuit l3 includes a resistance 9, and connected in shunt to the priinary 1 there is a condenser, l0 and a cathode glow lamp II.
  • the condenser and the cathode glow lamp are charged up to the ignition voltage of the glow lamp, and thereafter the cathode glow lamp is ignited, and the quantity of electricity stored in the condenser is delivered, so that the voltage at the ends of the primary 1 of the transformer 6 is reduced.
  • a current impulse is induced in the secondary of the transformer which is supplied to the lighting tube 2 through the secondary 5, the said current impulse being displaced in phase relatively to the main alternating current supplied from the source 3.
  • a current impulse is produced in each half wave of the subsidiary current which exactly corresponds as to shape and intensity to the dark spaces of thelight emission produced by the main current, and which completes the curve of the light emission to a straight line.
  • An illuminating system comprising in combi- 5 9 nation, a gaseous electric discharge lamp device, means for supplying a main current of varying intensity to said device to cause said device to emit light of varying intensity and means for supplying a subsidiary current to said device 10 which current is displaced in plase *with respect to said main current, and'which is capable of causing said device to produce light which is complementary to the light caused by the main current in said device, and completes the curve of 15 the light emission of the device to a straight line, said last named means comprising a transformer having the secondary thereof connected inseries with said lamp device and the primary thereof connected across the terminals of an alternating 20 of said cathode glow lamp being less than the potential supplied by said current source.

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  • Discharge-Lamp Control Circuits And Pulse- Feed Circuits (AREA)

Description

July 5, 1938.
M. PIRANI El AL 36 LIGHTING SYSTEM INCLUDING ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE TUBES mvram'ows MarceHo Pircmi glari'in Re er- A TORNEY Patented July 5, 1938 LIGHTING SYSTEM INCLUDING ELECTRI- CAL DISCHARGE TUBES Marcello Pirani and Martin Rcger, Berlin, Germany, assignors to General Electric Company, a corporation of New York Application March 31, 1936, Serial No. 71,880 In Germany April 1, 1935 1 Claim.
ing systems including electrical discharge tubes,
and more particularly in systems in which the lighting tubes have a supply of alternating our- 5 rent or intermittent direct current. In such systems the light intensity is reduced whenever the alternating current passes through zero or the intermittent current is interrupted, which is objectionable for many purposes. It has heretofore been proposed to superpose a high frequency or high voltage component on the circuit of the tube. While such systems cause an earlier ignition and thereby a reduction of the space of reduced light intensity in each period of the current, yet the said space is not completely filled out. Further, it has been proposed to superpose a constant direct current in order to prevent the light intensity from being reduced to zero in each period. But in this system the variation of the light intensity of the tube is not reduced, because the curve of the light intensity is changed only as to its distance from the axis of abcissae, while its form is not' altered. Further, the operation of the system is complicated and expensive because means for supplying direct current must be provided in addition to the source of alternating or intermittent current. Finally it has been proposed in multi-phase currents to bridge the said spaces by phase displacement and by using several electrodes. However, this method is effective only where three phase current is used, while the curve of the light intensity is-still wavy where only two tubes of diiferent phase are used, and therefore in this case only a glimmering light is obtained.
The object of the improvements is to provide a system of the class indicated and comprising a lighting tube charged with alternating current or with intermittent direct currentwhich emits a light which is steady, and with this object in view our invention consists in charging the tube with an additional current the phase of which is displaced relatively to the phase of the main current, the said current being transformed into intermittent current impulses which .are adapted to produce a light emission which is complementary to the light emission of the main current, and which therefore exactly fills out the dark spaces intermediate the light emission periods of the tube, the result being that the curve of the light intensity is the same as. that of a continuous current.
For the purpose of explaining the invention an example embodying the same has been shown in the accompanying drawing in which the same (Cl. 176-124) Our invention relates to improvements in lightreference characters have been used in all the views to indicate corresponding parts. In said drawing,
Fig. 1 is a diagram showing the light emission of a tube charged with sinusoidal alternating current and the light emission produced by subsidiary or superposed current impulses, and
Fig. 2 is a diagrammatical view showing the lighting tube and the electrical connection thereof.
As is shown in Fig. 1 the curve a of the intensity of the light emitted from a tube charged with the sinusoidal alternating current of 50 periods comprises successive periods of light emission and dark spaces. The curve b shows the light emission of a subsidiaryalternating current the phase of which is displaced with relation to that of the main current, and which is shaped so as to produce comparatively short current impulses, the period and the shape of the curve I) being exactly complementary to the shape of the curve a, so that by addition of the said curves a line is obtained which is straight and parallel to the zero axis. Therefore in service the tube has uniform light intensity which is independent of the oscillationsof the alternating current and it emits a perfectly steady light.
.As is shown in Fig. 2, the lighting tube 2 is provided with two electrodes I which are connected in a main circuit l2 including a source of alternating current 3 and a choking coil 4. Further, the main circuit l2 includes the secondary 5 of a transformer B, the primary 1 of which is included in a subsidiary circuit l3 which is connected to a source of alternating current 8. The phase of the alternating current supplied from the source 8 is displaced with relation to the phase of the alternating current supplied by the source 3 so that current impulses are produced in the circuit l3 during the dark porcircuit l3 includes a resistance 9, and connected in shunt to the priinary 1 there is a condenser, l0 and a cathode glow lamp II. By the alternating current supplied from the source 8 the condenser and the cathode glow lamp are charged up to the ignition voltage of the glow lamp, and thereafter the cathode glow lamp is ignited, and the quantity of electricity stored in the condenser is delivered, so that the voltage at the ends of the primary 1 of the transformer 6 is reduced. By this sudden reduction of the voltage a current impulse is induced in the secondary of the transformer which is supplied to the lighting tube 2 through the secondary 5, the said current impulse being displaced in phase relatively to the main alternating current supplied from the source 3. By providing a resistance 9, a condenser ID, a cathode glow lamp II and a transformer 6 of the proper dimensions a current impulse is produced in each half wave of the subsidiary current which exactly corresponds as to shape and intensity to the dark spaces of thelight emission produced by the main current, and which completes the curve of the light emission to a straight line.
While in describing the invention reference has been made to specific means for producing a superposed alternating current of different phase, we wish it to be understood that our invention is not limited to the said means. Further, we wish it to be understood that we do not limit ourselves to a construction in which the secondary 5 is connected to the main electrodes I, and that separate subsidiary electrodes may be provided for the secondary, of the transl former.
We claim:
An illuminating system comprising in combi- 5 9 nation, a gaseous electric discharge lamp device, means for supplying a main current of varying intensity to said device to cause said device to emit light of varying intensity and means for supplying a subsidiary current to said device 10 which current is displaced in plase *with respect to said main current, and'which is capable of causing said device to produce light which is complementary to the light caused by the main current in said device, and completes the curve of 15 the light emission of the device to a straight line, said last named means comprising a transformer having the secondary thereof connected inseries with said lamp device and the primary thereof connected across the terminals of an alternating 20 of said cathode glow lamp being less than the potential supplied by said current source.
MARCELLO PIRANI. MARTIN REGER.
US71880A 1935-04-01 1936-03-31 Lighting system including electrical discharge tubes Expired - Lifetime US2122436A (en)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2440537A (en) * 1942-10-31 1948-04-27 Rca Corp Exciter lamp supply
US2483386A (en) * 1948-12-09 1949-09-27 Gen Preision Lab Inc Voltage regulator tube starter
US2727188A (en) * 1953-03-26 1955-12-13 Rively Clair Michael Starting circuit for lamps
US2858481A (en) * 1954-06-02 1958-10-28 Engelhard Ind Inc Operating circuit for compact type arc lamps
US3576466A (en) * 1968-11-04 1971-04-27 William C Griffin High intensity mercury-line source

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2440537A (en) * 1942-10-31 1948-04-27 Rca Corp Exciter lamp supply
US2483386A (en) * 1948-12-09 1949-09-27 Gen Preision Lab Inc Voltage regulator tube starter
US2727188A (en) * 1953-03-26 1955-12-13 Rively Clair Michael Starting circuit for lamps
US2858481A (en) * 1954-06-02 1958-10-28 Engelhard Ind Inc Operating circuit for compact type arc lamps
US3576466A (en) * 1968-11-04 1971-04-27 William C Griffin High intensity mercury-line source

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