US2148360A - Oil well casing head and tubing hanger - Google Patents

Description

Feb., 21, 1939 ll V l l I I? lil I 1 f 'Ilii 'iz lJ/l Hulk/? '75 l II, l 0 Z614 24 wel@ @www v J. L EMLEY OIL WELL CASING HEAD AND TUBING HANGER Filed D'o, 1957 2 Sheets-Sheet l Sliema/ii@ Feb. 21, 1939. LEMLEY 2,148,360

' OIL WELL CSING HEAD AND TUBING HANGER l Y F1186. DGC. 30, 1937 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 x ff@ Y Y f' f" ein A wrm/wmp '55 ure 6. cussed. Extending laterally through the iiange @s Patented Feb. 21, 1939 2,148,360

UNITED .STATES PATENT OFFICE John Lcmley, Midland, Tex., assignor to Gray gooi Company, Houston, Tex., a corporation of exas Application December 30, 1937, Serial No. 182,618

20 Claims. (Cl. 166-14) The present invention relates to oil well com- It is customary to flow an oil well through 'pletion equipment, and particularlyv to a castubing hung in the casing headcontrolled by ing head and tubing hanger which make possible various valves and ttings associated together increased exibility in the manner in which the in a superstructure which is mounted on the caswell may be ov'ved.l ing head. This assembly of valves and ttings 5 One of the principal objects of the invention is usually called a Christmas tree. While the is to provide equipment of the above type where- Well is llowed through the Christmas tree, it is in the well may be iiowed simultaneouslyA or inessential that there be provided side outlets from dependently from the tubing through the the casing head to relieve pressure from the Christmas tree and from the tubing through a interior of the casing outside of the tubing, which lo regular casing head side outlet or outlets, while outlets may be used, if desired, to ow the well at the same time the well may also be permitted from thecasing. y -to relieve itself of ow from the casing through Referring to. Figures 1 and 2, the ordinary another of the regular side outlets in the casing casing of a Well is indicated at 8, and secured l5 head. to the upper end thereof is a casing head i0. l5

In the accomplishment of the above, Ihave de- There may be several casings, one inside anvised a novel form of tubing hanger having a other, each provided with an appropriate casside passage therein adapted to be aligned with ing head, and with a hanger for hanging each one of the regular casing head side outlets, said Casing in its heed. F01 the Sake 0f Simplicity, hanger being so constructed that another of the I have disclosedonly a single outside casing, 20 regular casing head side outlets will not be with'its casing head. The casing head is problocked off when the tubing is hung, so that vided with a pair of regular side voutlets i12 and the well may beiiowed simultaneously from the I4, said outlets having their axis in the same tubing through a regular casing head side outhorizontal plane. In the particular embodiment let, as well as from the casing through a regular disclosed, the said outlets are in alignment with casing head side outlet, without the necessity of One another, on opposite sides of the casing head. providing additional side outlets in the casing These outlets normally provide conduits of ow head. from the casing, and are equipped respectively In the drawings, which are illustrative of prewith flanges it and I8, to which are adapted ierred forms which the invention may take, and t0 be SeClll'ed SS by bolts. aS ShOWIl, the IeSDeC- 30 are in no sense restrictive, tive ilanges 2B and 22 of control valves 24 and Figure 1 is a vertical sectional view through 26. it will be understood that it is desirable a well casing head and control equipment t0 have eS feW Side Outlets in the Casing mounted thereon, showing the manner in which heed ES Possible, aS When the' Well iS Completed, the hanger is lowered to its seat in the complethe llid therein Will be under tremeldOuS fOI- tion 0f a we11; mation pressure, and even though the side out- Figure '2 is a vertical sectional view .ofthe lets are Controlled by valves during the now casing head, showing the tubing hung therein, vlife of the Well these valves may beCOme leaky. with the Christmas tree in position and the well thus presenting a dangerous nuisance and mak- 40 ready for owing; ing necessary their replacement, which in itself 40 Figure 3 is a side elevational view of the' is a dangerous operation.

hanger; In Figure 2 the hanger @t of the present in- Figure 4 is a cross section of the hanger on the vention is shown seated in the Gesine head. The line d-i of Figure 3; casing head has ay bore 32 slightly larger than Figure 5 is a cross' section of the hanger on' the bore of the casing e, and in the upper end 45 the lines 5 5 of Figures 3 and 7; of the casing head and above the side outlets Figure 6 is a sectional view of the casing head 52 and N this bOfe tapers OlliWeIdlY es at 3@ similar toFigure 2, showing a modified iorm of providing a conical seat for the reception of the the invention; hanger. Above thisseat the casing head is Figure 7 is a vertical sectional View through equipped with a circular flange 38 which serves 5o the casing head taken along the line "l-i of as a `foundation either for the control equip- Figure 6; ment shown in Figure 1, to be hereinafter de- Figur'e 8 is a horizontal sectionalrview of the scribed, or for the Christmas tree disclosed in -casing head taken along the line e-- of Fig- Figure 2 and which will also be hereinafter disthe hanger.

ll and operable from the exterior of the casing head when equipment is mounted thereon, are a plurality of locking screws 40, said screws having tapered ends 42 which engage the beveled surface 44 extending around the upper end of The locking screws are threaded through openings in the flange 38, and suitable packing 46 is placed around the screws and held in sealing engagement therewith and with the bore through the flange 36 by glands 50 which are threaded into a counter bore in the flange.

The hanger III supports the conventional ow tubing 52, which extends to a point adjacent the bottom of the well, generally within or above the screen or strainer carried by the casing 6, and through which the oil from the well flows under the natural formation pressure.

Mounted on the casing head and secured thereto by ange and bolt connections of like size, is a master manifold valve 54, this valve beingthe conventional master control used on Christmas trees. A circular metal gasket 56 is provided between the ange of the valve 54 and the flange 38 of the casing head to provide a seal. This valve may be considered as constituting the Christmas tree, or it may be the master control for other valves of the Christmas tree mounted above the same. It has been the practice to hang the tubing by means of the hanger in the casing head, position the Christmas tree on the casing head, and then flow the wail from the tubing through the valves and fittings of the. Christmas tree. The casing head side outlets such as I2 and I4 have generally only been used for owing the well or relieving pressure from the casing, and to permit the returns during the drilling and washing operations to be discharged from the casing head.

It is contemplated that wells now being completed may flow under their own natural pressure for many years. During the' ilow life of these wells, it is probable that many changes will be made in the manner in which the oil is conveyed from the well. For instance, the usual Christmas tree above the master manifold 54 includes two or more conduits of ilow, usually provided by mounting a T or cross or other manifold iltting of the same character above the master manifold valve, so that the oil may be flowed simultaneously or independently through different flow lines leading to separate tanks, pipe lines and so forth. A pluralityof such flow lines are necessary, for the sake of convenience, and because when a valve or fitting becomes leaky in one ilow line, it is desirable to'be able to close that line off while the valve is replaced, while still maintaining the ilow of oil fronathe well through another line. To entirely close ofi' a well for the repair of valves or ilttings is not good practice, as the cessation 0f iiow may permanently injure the well.

An elaborate arrangement of valves in the Christmas tree is to be avoided, not only because of the expense involved in leaving such equipment as a permanent part of the Christmas tree structure, but also because each valve itself is an additional hazard which may become leaky or blow but, resulting in loss of control of the well, or at least in the loss'of time and money necessary to effect repairs.

The present invention has been devised to reduce to a minimum the number of valves and fittings necessary to be left as a part of the well structure, while still providing a marked ilexibmty 1n the manner in which the well may be owed during its life.

Referring to Figures 2, 3, 4 and 5, the hanger 30 of the present invention has an enlarged cylindrical head 60 and a downwardly and inwardly tapered seating portion 6I which is adapted to closely engage the seat 34 of the casing head.

A pair of packing rings 62 encircle said tapered portion, said rings being embedded in grooves in the wall of the hanger. These rings are forced into sealing engagement with the casing head seat by the weight of the tubing, and also by the pressure of the bevelled ends 42 of the locking screws 4I). Below the lowermost packing ring 62, the hanger has a substantially cylindrical portion 64 (Figure 4) throughout a half part of its circumference, this portion not being as large as the casing head bore 32, so that fluid from the casing may pass upwardly around the hanger through the passage 66, and discharge through the regular side outlet I4 of Figure 2.

As particularly shown in Figures 2 and 4, a half part 6B of the circumference of the lower part of the hanger is of increased diameter, and the outer surface of this portion of the hanger is of the same curvature and intimately engages the Wall of the bore of the casing head adjacent the side outlet I2. This portion 68 of the hanger is grooved as shown in Figures 2 and 4, to receive substantially circular packing members 'I0 which extend completely around the side outlet I2 in the casing head when the hanger is hung therein. Within the packing rings 'I0 and extending through the side wall of the portion 68 of the hanger is a hanger side passage 12, which is of the same diameter as the casing head outlet I2, and is adapted to be aligned therewith when the tubing is hung.

With this arrangement, and when the tubing is hung, the Well may be owed from the tubing through the Christmas tree under the control of the master manifold valve 54, and simultaneously or independently from the tubing through the Iside outlet I2 of the casing under the control of the valve 24v shown in Figure l. At the same time, the well may be flowed either simultaneously or independently with this tubing iiow from the casing through the side outlet I4 in the casing head under the control of the valve 26 shown in Figure 1, it being apparent that the construction of the hanger is such that the side outlet I4 is not blocked off when the tubing is hung.

The construction of the completion equipment shown in Figure 2 and as previously described, thus provides three separate conduits of flow from the Well, and at least two separate conduits of ow from the tubing. The well may be effectively controlled with the use of only three valves on the well structure. The well may be ordinarily owed through the Christmas tree under control of the master manifold valve 54 with the valve 24 closed, and when it is desired to make any repairs `or replacement in valves or fittings beyond the from the well therefrom with perfect safety, and

at the same time without cutting oif the flow of the well through the tubing. As stated above, there is grave danger of ruining a well by completely cutting off flow therefrom, and it is highly desirable to be able to at'all times continue the ilow through the tubing.

This invention permits the simultaneous flowing of the well from the tubing through a regular casing head side outlet, and also from'the casing through a regular casing headnside outlet without the necessity of providing additional .casing head side outlets below the conventional ones shown at I2 and I4. A great majority of the casing heads now in practical use have their side outlets positioned with their axis in a single plane, and usually only two casing head side outlets are provided on opposite sides ofthe head in alignment with one another. f the hanger 30 were of such construction that when lowered to its seat it blocked oil the flow from the casing to the side outlet I4, it would be necessary to provide additional casing head side outlets below those shown at I2 and I4 in order to provide for the safe relief of iiuid from the casing. This is highly undesirable, as the number of outlets and valves therefor should be kept at a minimum.

The hanger of the present invention is adapted to be lowered to its seat while maintaining a seal between the casing and tubing at all times, and if desired, while a'seal is provided within the tubing until the hanger is seated. As shown in Figure 1, the casing head is adapted to receive thereon control equipment of a now well known construction. This control equipment comprises a master drilling valve 18 and a pair of blow out preventers 18 and 80 mounted'on the casing head I as a foundation, and secured thereto in sealing engagement by flange and bolt connections of like size. The bore 82 through this control equipment is as large as the maximum bore of the casing head, and is somewhat larger than thevinternal diameter of the casing, so that a drill or other device as wide as the casing may be lowered through this equipment and into the well while a seal is maintained by the blowout preventers between the drill string and the casing.

In Figure 1, the hanger 30 is disclosed being lowered to its seat, said hanger being attached as previously described to the upper end of the tubing 52, and is lowered by means of a length of tubing 84 which is screwed into the upper threaded portion 86 of the bore of the hanger as shown in Figure 2. During insertion of the tubing, if dangerous pressure exists inthe well, a tubing seal such as a frangible disk may be provided near the lower end of the tubing, and the lower end of the tubing is inserted to position above the master drilling valve 16 while the latter is closed, and the blowout preventers engaged with the tubing, after which the master drilling valve is opened and the tubing lowered into the well, the blowout preventers 18 and 80 being alternately operated to pass tubing collars and the like. I'he Vexternal diameter of the hanger 30, while being greater than that of the bore of the casing 8, is not quite as large as the'bore 82 of the control equipment, so that said hanger may be lowered to its seat while control of the well is maintained between the casing and the tubing by alternate operation of the blowout preventers 18 and 80 as portrayed in Figure 1. The hanger may be lowered to the position shown in Figure 1 with blowout preventer 18 in engagement 'with the tubing 52, after which the blowout preventer 80 may be engaged with the lowering pipe 84, followed by the lowering of the hanger to its seat. The hanger is locked in its seat by operation of the locking screws 40, which were retracted when the hanger was lowered into its seat.

When the hanger is seated and locked, the control equipment, including the master` drilling valve and blowout preventers; may be relegated to the positiUn of accessories, after which the master manifold valvemay be positioned on the casinhead-with any further control equipment in th nature of valves and .fittings disposed beyond said master manifoldlvalve. 'I'he well may then be flowed after a weight is dropped through the tubing to destroy the frangible seal in the lower end thereof. In lieu of a frangible disc to seal the tubing, a removable spear or removable back pressure valve may be disposed therein, the latter permitting a downward flow of iiuid through the tubing to wash the well while providing against .reverse flow therethrough due to the formation pressure. Such a valve maybe removed, without losing control of the well, after the Christmas tree is mounted on the casing head. While it is preferred to only provide a pair of casing outlets, and to employ a hanger of the type shown in Figures 2 through 5 in practicing this invention, increased exibility of flow or manifolding may be provided by employing a casing head 90 shown in Figures 6, 1 and 8, which has more than two side outlets. In this modication, the casing head has two pairs of opposed outlets 92 and 94 having theiraxis in substantially the same horizontal plane, and a modiiied form of hanger 9S is provided-with a pair of opposed tubing flow passages extending laterally through its wall, as shown at 98 and |00, and both the said passages are surrounded by packing rings |02 in the outer wall ofthe hanger, as described in connection with Figure 3. 'Ihe hanger of this modified form of the invention is circular in cross section as shown in Figure 5, and is identical with the hanger of the preferred form of the invention where it seals with the casing head, but the lower portion of the hanger is provided with two opposite semi-cylindrical sealing surfaces |03 and |04 of substantially the same radius as the interior of the casing head bore adjacent the openings 88 and 00. Between these sealing surfaces the hanger is cut away on eachy side as shown at |06 and |08, so that when the hanger is seated, pressure from the casing may be relieved, or fluid may flow therefrom upwardly through the cut away portions |06 and |08 discharging through the casing head side outlets 94, as shown in Figures '7 and 8. Appropriate grooves are provided in the side wall of the hanger in the sealing surfaces |03 and |04 to receive the packing rings |02, which rings completely surround the hanger passages 98 and |00 and the casing head side outlets 92, thus completely isolating the latter outlets from the casing. v

With this arrangement, the well may be simultaneously or independently flowed from the tubing through the Christmas tree and from the tubing through either or both of the casing head side outlets 82. At the same time, the well may be flowed either simultaneously or independently with this tubing flow from the casing through either or both of the casing head side outlets 94.d

The master manifold valve 54 controls flow through. the Christmas tree from the tubing, andtion, and that they carry as an integral part thereof all necessary means to form a seal and close off the upper end of the casing head. Thus, the hanger not havin-g any protruding parts, may be conveniently lowered to its seat through the control equipment on the casing head, as shown in Figure 1, While maintaining control of the well.

The invention of this application is an improvement in the apparatus and methods for completing wells described and claimed in application Serial No. 736,635, Roger Smith, iiled July 24, 1934, and application Serial No. 58,821, Robert A. Mueller and Roger Smith, led January 13, 1936.

Various changes may be made in the construction disclosed herein without departing from the invention.

I claim:

1. In well completion apparatus, a casing, a casing head having a bore, said bore including a hanger seat, said casing head having a' plurality of side outlets at the same level therein, a Christmas tree control valve positioned above said casing head, a tubing in said casing, a hanger on said tubing adapted to engage said seat and sus-- pend the tubing in the well, said hanger having means for simultaneously flowing the well from the tubing through one of said outlets and from the tubing through said valve, and providing for relieving pressure from the well at the same time from said casing through another of said outlets.

2. In well completion apparatus, a casing, a casing head having a bore therethrough, said bore including a hanger seat, said casing head having a pair of side outlets with their axessubstantially in the same horizontal plane, a tubing in said casing, a hanger on said tubing adapted to engage said seat, said hanger having a bore in alignment with said tubing, a lower extension on said hanger having a side wall in sealing engagement with said casing head bore adjacent one of said outlets, said extension being reduced adjacent the other of said outlets to permit flow of fluid from said casing through said other outlet, said hanger having a side passage from its bore to its outer wall opposite said first mentioned outlet, whereby the well may be flowed from said tubing through said first mentioned side outlet.

3. In well completion apparatus, a casing, a casing head having a bore therethrough, said bore including a hanger seat, said casing head having a pair of diametrically opposed side outlets at substantially the same level in the casing head, a tubing in said casing, a hanger on said tubing adapted to engage said seat, a lower extension on said hanger having a side wall in sealing engagement with said casing head bore adjacent the outlet on one side thereof, said extension being reduced adjacent the outlet on the other side of said casing head to permit ow of duid from said casing through the latter outlet, said hanger having a side passage from its bore tov its outer wall opposite said first mentioned outlet, whereby the well may be flowed from said tubing through the outlet on one side of said casing head, and Well pressure relieved from said casing through the outlet on the other side of the casing head.

4. In well completion apparatus, a casing, a casing head having a bore therethrough, said bore including a hanger seat, said casing head having a pair of side outlets with their axes substantially in the same horizontal plane, a tubing in said casing, a hanger on said tubing adapted 2,1,4aseov to engage said seat to suspend the tubing in the well, means surrounding -said hanger forming a seal between the same and the bore of said casing head to close off the upper end of said casing, said hanger having a bore in alignment with said tubing, a lower extension on said hanger having a side wall in engagement with said casing head bore adjacent one of said outlets, said extension being reduced adjacent the other of said outlets to permit flow of uid from said casing through the latter outlet, said hanger having a side passage from its bore to its outer wall opposite said firstmentioned outlet, and means surrounding said first mentioned outlet and forming a seal between the bore of the casing head and the outer wall of said hanger, whereby the well may be flowed from said tubing through said rst mentioned outlet.

5. A hanger for suspending tubing in a well having a longitudinal bore therethrough, and having an outside surface comprising a seating portion, packing means on said seating portion of the hanger extending laterally around the same, a side passage opening through the wall of the hanger from the bore to the outer surface thereof, and packing means on the outer surface of said hanger completely surrounding said passage.

6. A hanger for suspending tubing from the casing head of a well, said hanger having upper and lower ends and a longitudinal passage therethrough, a side passage opening through the wall of said hanger intermediate the ends thereof from said longitudinal passage to the outer surface of the hanger to provide a channel of flow from the interior of the hanger, the outer wall of the hanger opposite said passage being reduced from the lower end thereof to the level of said passage to provide a longitudinal channel of flow along the outside of said hanger when the latter is seated in the casing head.

'7. A hanger for suspending tubing in a well having a longitudinal bore therethrough, said hanger having a downwardly tapered head to seat in the casing head of a well, packing means on the `outer wall of said hanger at the downwardly tapered portion thereof extending laterally around the hanger for forming a seal with a seat in the casing head, said hanger having a semi-cylindrical portion below its downwardly tapered portion for engaging a wall of a casing head, a side passage opening through the wall of the semi-cylindrical portion of the hanger from the bore to the outer surface thereof, and packing means on the outer wall of said semi-cylindrical portion of the hanger completely surrounding said passage.-

8. A hanger for suspending tubing in a well having a curved outer surface to conform with and seat in the curved bore of a casing head, said hanger having a longitudinal passage therethrough, 'a side passage opening through the wall of the hanger from said longitudinal passage to the outer curved surface of the hanger, and packing means on the outer surface of the hanger completely surrounding said side passage to seal against the curved bore of the casing head around said side passage.

9.`A hanger for suspending tubing in a well having a curved outer surface to conform with and seat in the curved bore of a casing head, said hanger having a longitudinal passage therethrough, a side passage opening through the wall of the hanger from said longitudinal passage to the outer curved surface of the hanger, packing means on the outer surface of the hanger completely surrounding said side passage to seal against the curved bore of the casing head around said passage, and packing means on the outer surface of the hanger extending laterally around the same above said side passage to seal against the curved bore of the casing head.

10. A hanger for suspending tubing in a well having an outer surface to conform with and' seat in the bore of a casing head, said hanger having upper and lower ends and a longitudinal passage therethrough, a side passage opening through the wall of the hanger intermediate the ends thereof from said longitudinal passage to the outer surface of the hanger, and packing means on the outer surface of the hanger completely surrounding said side passage to seal against the bore of the casing head around said side passage, the outer surface of the hanger outside of said packing which surrounds said side passage being reduced from the lower end of the hanger to the level of said side passage to provide a longitudinal channel of flow along the outside of the hanger when the latter is seated in the casing head.

11. A hanger for suspending tubing in a well having an` outer surface to conform with and seat in the boreof a casing head, said hanger having upper and lower ends and a longitudinal passage therethrough, a side passage opening through the wall of the hanger intermediate the ends thereof from said longitudinal passage to the outer surface of the hanger, packing means on the outer surface of tige hanger extending laterally around the same above said side passage to seal against the bore of the casing head, and packing means on the outer surface of the hanger completely surrounding said side passage to seal against the bore of the casing head around said side passage, the outer surface of the hanger outside of said packing which surrounds said side passage being reduced from the lower end of the hanger to the level of said side passage to provide a longitudinal channel of flow along the outside of the hanger when the latter is seated in the casing head.

12. A hanger for suspending tubing irf a Well, said hanger tapering inwardly from its upper toward its lower end, and having an outer surface shaped to conform with and seat in the bore of the casing head, said hanger having a longitudinal passage therethrough, a side passage opening through the wall of the hanger from said longitudinal passage to the outer surface of the hanger, and packing means on the outer surface of the hanger completely surrounding said side passage to seal against the bore of the casing head around said side passage.

13. A hanger for suspending tubing in the casing head of a well, comprising a,unitary fitting' having upper and lower ends and being tapered from its upper toward'its lower end, said hanger having an outer surface of substantially the same size and shape as the bore of the casing head to seat in and form a seal therewith, and having a longitudinal passage therethrough, a side passage opening through the Wall of the hanger from said longitudinal passage to the outer surface of the hanger, the outer surface of said hanger having a groove therein completely surrounding said side passage, and packing in said groove to form a seal against the bore of the casing head around'said side passage.

14. In well completion apparatus, a casing head having a bore therethrough andhaving side outlets from said bore, a tubing supporting hanger having an outer surface of substantially the same size and shape as said casing head bore to seat in and form a seal therewith, s'aid hanger having a longitudinal passage therethrough and a side passage from said longitudinal passage to the outer surface'of the hanger, said side passage being in alignment with one of said outlets, and packing means entirely surroundingsaid one of said outlets and compressed between said casing `head bore and the outer surface of said hanger forforming a seal around said one of said outlets.

15. In well completion apparatus, a casing head having a bore therethrough and having side outlets from said bore, a tubing supporting hanger having an outer surface of substantially the same size and shape as said casing head bore to seat in and form a seal therewith, said hanger having a longitudinal passage therethrough and a side passage from said longitudinal passage to the outer surface of the hanger, said side passage being in alignment with one of said outlets, packing means entirely surrounding said one of said outlets and compressed between said casing head bore and the outer surface of said hanger for ft' ming a seal around said one of said outlets, and packing means on the outer surface of the hanger extending laterally around the same above said side passage compressed between said casing head bore and the outer surface of said hanger for forming a seal above another of said outlets.

16. In well completion apparatus, a casing head having a bore therethrough and having side outlets from said bore, a tubing supporting hanger having an outer surface of substantially the same size and shape as said casing head bore to seat in and form a seal therewith, said hanger having upper and lower ends and a longitudinal passage therethrough, a side passage opening through the wall of said hanger intermediate the ends thereof from said longitudinal /passage to the outer surface of said hanger, said side passage being `in alignment with one of said outlets, and packing means entirely surrounding said one of said outlets and compressed between Asaid casing head bore and the outer surface of said hanger for forming a seal around said one of said outlets. the outer surface of said hanger outside of said packing which surrounds said one of said outlets being reduced from the lower end of said hanger to the level of another of said outlets, to provide a longitudinal channel of flow from the casing between the outside of said hanger and the bore of said casing head to said last named outlet.

17. In well completion apparatus, a casing head having a bore, said bore including a hanger seat, said casing head having a plurality of Side outlets at the same level therein, atubing supporting hanger adapted to engage said seat and suspend the tubing in the well, said hanger having a longitudinal passage therethrough for flowing the well from the tubing through the Christmas tree, and having means for simultaneously-nowing the well from the tubing through one of said outlets, and providing for relieving pressure from the casing of the well at the same time through another of said outlets. y

18. In well completion apparatus, a casing head having a bore, said bore including a hanger seat, said casing head having a plurality of side outlets at the same level therein, a tubing supporting hanger adapted to engage said seat and suspend the tubing 1n the wen, said hanger having a longitudinal passage therethrough for owing the well from the tubing through the Christmas tree, and having means for simultaneously lowing the well from the tubing through one of said outlets, and providing for relieving pressure from the casing of the well at the same time through another oi' said outlets, means forming a seal between said hanger and said casing head bore around said Erst-named tubing outlet, and means forming a seal between said hanger and said casing head bore above said last-named casing outlet.

19. A hanger for suspending tubing in the casing head of a well, having an outer surface of substantially the same size and shape as the bore of the casing head to seat in and form a seal therewith,' and having a .longitudinal passage therethrough, a plurality of side passages opening through the wall of the hanger from said longitudinal passage to the outer surface of the hanger, and packing means on the outer surface i of th hanger completely surrounding each ot l y CERTIFICATE OF Patent No. 2,lii8,560.

said side passages to seal'against the bore of the casing head around each of said side passages.

20. A hanger for suspending tubing in the casing head of a well, having an outer surface or substantially the same size and shape as the bore of the casing head to seat in and form a seal therewith, said hanger having upper and lower ends and a longitudinal passage therethrough, a plurality of side passages opening through the wall of the hanger intermediate the ends thereof from said longitudinal passage to the outer surface of the hanger, and packing means on the outer surface of the hanger completely surrounding each of said side passages to seal against the bore of the casing head around the same, the outer surface of the hanger being reduced between said side passages from the lower end of the hanger to the level of said side passages to provide longitudinal channels of flow along the outside of the hanger when the latter is seated in the casing head.

JOHN LEMLEY.

CORRECTION.

February 2l 195 9.

JOHN LEMIEY lt is hereby certified that error appears n the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows: Page 1 first column, lline l5, for the word "of" read or; page 2 first columny line 52, for "wall" read well; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein that lthe same may conform to the record of 'the case 'n the Patent Offlcet.

Signed and sealed 'this 28th day of March,

(Seal) A. D.l t

Heng??? Van Arsdale Acting Commissioner of Patents.

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