US2021816A - Method and article for producing designs - Google Patents

Description

Nov. 19, 1935. w, SWAYSLAND 2,021,816

METHOD AND ARTICLE FOR PRODUCING DESIGNS Filed Nov. 5, 1952 LEAD \SULPHATE .p- A SOLUBLE SULPHIDE LEAD SULF'HlDE INVENTOR.

MY/I'am 5waz s/ar1c7 ATTORNEYS.

Patented Nov. 19, 1935 UNITED STATES mn'rnon Ann ARTICLE roa raonnomo. nssrcns William Swaysland, Cleveland, om, assignor to Oraftint Manufacturing Company, Cleveland, Ohio, a corporation or Ohio Application November 3, 1932 Serial lilo. 610,939

7 Claims. (CI. 41 -4l) 'Thisinvention relates to'a method and article for use in producing designs and, more particu larly, to a method of forming designs on paper, cloth or other surfaces by means of a chemically treated sheet which facilitates the preparation of such designs for photographing.

In the preparation of commercial drawings, designs, and the like, as wellas in other artistic work, an outline drawingis made and is then filled in where it is desired to show contrasting shades. The completed design is then photographed for reproduction. Considerable time is consumed in thus filling in the outlined drawing and-it is desirable to'provide a more expeditious manner of performing this operation. In Patent No. 1,778,397 there has been described a method and article for use in making designs in which a paper is used to which has been applied fine dots consisting of lead sulphate which is capable of being rendered visible by treatment with a soluble sulphide to convert thematerial of the dots to visible lead sulphide. It has now been discovered that it is not necessary to use a specially treated paper on which to make the outline drawing, but that this drawing may be made on ordinary untreated paper and the filling in or shading accomplished by laying over this drawing a light-transmitting-sheet, the surface of which has received the necessary chemical treatment. In this way the method can be applied to drawings previously made on untreated paper and which wouldotherwise require to be copied onto treated paper, if the method wereto be applied to them. p It is, accordingly, an object of the invention toprovide a chemically treated light-transmitting or transparent tissue to be used in the production of designs. Another object of the invention is to provide an improved method of filling in or shading designs applicable to drawings made on untreated paper. To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, said invention, then, consists of the means hereinafter fullydescribed and particularly pointedout in the claims. The annexed drawing and, the following description set forth in detail certain means and one mode of carrying out the invention, such disclosed means and mode illustrating, however, but one of various ways in which the principle of the invention may be used.

In said annexed drawing: Fig. 1 is a view of a sheet bearing an outline drawing; Fig. 2 is a view of the same sheet with a layer of transparent material laid thereover; Fig. 3 is a view of the combined sheets with the colored areas developed on the transparent sheet; Fig. 4 is a view of the transparent sheet with developed areas after the-sheet has been removed from the outline drawing; Fig.- 5 is a view of a sheet of paper or othermaterial much 5 enlarged showing dotsof chemical substance, the same being substantially invlsibleagainst a back--. ground of the same color as the dots, but being shown visible in this view for the purpose of illustration; Fig. 6 is a view of the same sheet 10 after the dots have been made visible by the ap plication of a developer.

Referring first to F'lgs.5= and '6, a sheet of material which may be any light-transmitting or transparentmaterial, such as cellophane or 15 celluloid, has applied overv its surface a multiplicity of tiny dots containing a lead salt, e. 3., lead sulphate. This may be done by inserting a sheet of any substantially transparent tissue in a printing press and printing thereon a multi- 20 pllcity of closely spacedtiny dots with an ink including lead sulphate and glycerine. The ink may also be applied in a variety of other patterns composed of discontinuous areas of treated surface. The lead sulphate may be substituted 25 by other chemicals capable of development, such as cobalt acetate, tannic acid, and salts of iron, nickel, silver, copper and bismuth. Lead sulphate is, however, the preferred medium. g

'The dots of white lead sulphate left on the 30 transparent sheet in the preferred form of the invention, are visible thereon but are substantially invisible against the background formed by a sheet of white paper such as that tobe used in making the outline drawing with which 35 the transparent sheet is to be used. However, if a developer is applied to these dots, such a developer being a soluble sulphide like potassium sulphide, the dots will be renderedvisible against a white background by conversion of the lead 40 sulphate to black lead sulphide. The method of using the chemically treated surface for the production of designs is by drawing thedesign in outline one. sheet -of ordinary white paper and then placing the transparent sheet carrying the 45 dots of lead sulphate over this opaque. white sheet. The dots will be substantially invisible or photographically-invisible against the white background and the artist will then apply a solution of a suitable soluble sulphide to such of the individ- 50 ual spots of lead sulphate as he desires to have appear in the photograph of the design, these being transformed by the developer into the black visible lead sulphide. After the design has been properly filled in and shaded in this way, the

composite formed by the two sheets, one opaque and the other transparent, will be photographed, the undeveloped dots of lead sulphate not appearing in the photograph. It will be obvious that the treated sheet need only be sufllciently transparent or translucent so as to transmit light which will affect a photographic plate or him.

The method of using the sheet is illustrated in the drawing in which Fig. 1 shows an outline design, Fig. 2 shows a sheet of the treated lighttransmitting material, such as "cellophane", placed over the outline, and Fig. 3 shows certain areas of the transparent sheet developed by means of a soluble sulphide, such as potassium sulphide, so that the dots in the treated area show up black. This composite is now photographed to form the finished design. For purposes of illustration only, the developed transparent sheet is shown in Fig. 4 removed from the outline drawing. The effect of the developer on the dots is illustrated in Figs. 5 and 6, Fig. 5 showing the undeveloped dots, and Fig. 6 the developed dots.

An advantage inhering in the use of a transparent sheet as the treated surface is found where previously prepared outline designs not made on treated paper require shading. In such cases, it is not necessary to copy the design onto treated paper, but a sheet of the transparent material may be placed thereover and the chemi- It is also possible to correct errors which may be made in shading a design where dots have been developed to the black visible condition by treating these dots with hydrogen peroxide restoring them to their white appearance.

By the use of a transparent or light-transmitting sheet prepared from cellophane, "celluloid cellulose acetate films, glassine, wax paper, and the like, carrying areas, such as dots, lines, cross-hatching or irregular figures, coated with a developable chemical, the labor involved in shading and filling in designs is greatly reduced, the use of a transparent sheet making it possible to fill-in and shade designs previously prepared on untreated paper and the employment of a developable chemical avoiding the necessity of scraping off unwanted coated areas, the ability to either develop or bleach the chemical to visibility orinvisibility also making it possible to use the same transparent sheet a number of times since no outline of a design appears thereon.

Where a chemical, such as lead sulphate, is used, which can be developed to a black form and bleached back to white again, a transparent sheet covered with discontinuous areas of such material'canalsobeusedtoshadeandiillinadeand unwanted coated areas being developed to s the black sulphide invisible on the black background. Thus, where a material having two interchangeable color forms is used, either a black design on a white background, or a white design on a black background may be obtained 10 or, both.may be obtained on different parts of the same sheet as where a portion of the background is white and another portion is black.

This is an improvement which has not heretofore been possible with any other medium or 5 process used in shading. and filling in designs.

Other modes of applying the principles of my invention may be employed instead of the one explained, change being ,made as regards the means and the steps herein disclosed, provid- 20 ed those stated by any of the following claims or their equivalent be employed.

I therefore particularly point out and distinctly claim as my invention:

1. As an article of manufacture, a sheet of 25 light-transmitting material having discontinuous areas covered with lead sulphate.

2. As an article of manufacture, a sheet of cellophane having discontinuous areas covered with lead sulphate. w

3. As an article ofmanufacture, a sheet of "cellophane having a multiplicity of tiny dots of lead sulphate thereon. I

4. A method of forming a design which comprises placing over a sheet bearing a line draw- 35 ing, a transparent sheet having a multiplicity of tiny dots of lead sulphate thereon, developing areas of said transparent sheet to convert the dots to lead sulphide and photographing the combined sheets. o

5. A method of forming a design which comprises placing over a sheet bearing a line drawing, a sheet of cellophane having a multiplicity of tiny dots of lead sulphate thereon, developing areas of said transparent sheet to convert the 5 material of the dots to black lead sulphide and photographing the combined sheets.

6. As an article of manufacture. a sheet of light-transmitting material having discontinuous 7 areas covered with a substance non-sensitive to 60 light and substantially invisible against a background of the same color as said areas but capable of being rendered visible by a developer, and said areas also being visible against a background of different color and capable of being rendered invisible.

I 7. A method of forming a design which comprises placing over a drawing a light-transmitting sheet having discontinuous areas covered with a substance substantially invisible against that part of the drawing having the same color as said areas, developing said areas to visibility, said areas also being visible against that part of the drawing having a different color, rendering said last-named areas invisible and photographing the composite.

WILLIAM BWAYBLAND.

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