US20210063032A1

US20210063032A1 - Integrated chilled beam / chiller direct outside air system unit

Info

Publication number: US20210063032A1
Application number: US16/927,515
Authority: US
Inventors: Daniel P. McCarty
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2016-12-03
Filing date: 2020-07-13
Publication date: 2021-03-04
Also published as: US10712026B2; US20180156476A1

Abstract

An air handling system is disclosed that includes an integral chilled water refrigeration system. The air handling system additionally includes a first coil section that provides cooling and a second coil section that provides heating. The second coil section and associated terminal units are in fluid communication with the first refrigeration system.

Description

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 15/829,910, filed Dec. 2, 2017. U.S. Ser. No. 15/829,910 claims priority to United Stats Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/429,804, filed on Dec. 3, 2017. A claim of priority is made to each of the above referenced applications, to the extent appropriate. Each of the above referenced applications are incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND

Systems for conditioning the air in an enclosed space, such as a building are known. Many systems require an air delivery system and chilled and heating water distributions systems. Typically, separate equipment components, such as air handling units, chillers, and boilers, are provided at various locations within the building.

SUMMARY

The present disclosure is directed to a system for conditioning the interior of a building space, for example classrooms and other spaces of a school building. In one aspect, the system includes an air handling system which includes fans for distributing air to and from the building spaces, a first refrigeration system for cooling and dehumidifying air delivered by the air handling system from the outdoors, and a second refrigeration system for reheating the air cooled by the first refrigeration system and for providing cooling to terminal units located within the interior spaces. The system also includes terminal units connected to the air handling unit and to the second refrigeration system such that the terminal units can deliver conditioned air to the space. In one example, the terminal units are induction/displacement terminal units capable of simultaneously providing a heated air flow and a separate cooled displacement air.
In one example, the first refrigeration system is a direct expansion type refrigeration system. In one example, the second refrigeration system is an air-cooled chiller. In one example, the air handling system includes a second fan located between a second air inlet and a second air outlet defining a second airflow path. In one example, the air handling system includes a heat exchanger extending between the first and second airflow paths. In one example, the heat exchanger is a passive desiccant enthalpy wheel.
In one example, an air conditioning system is provided including an air handling unit providing a supply airflow and including a first heat exchanger for cooling the supply airflow, a second heat exchanger for reheating the supply airflow cooled by the first heat exchanger, a first refrigeration system providing cooling to the first heat exchanger, and a second refrigeration system providing cooling to the second heat exchanger. The air conditioning system can also include a plurality of terminal units in fluid communication with the supply airflow generated by the air handling unit. The air conditioning system can also include a plurality of radiant panels, passive chilled beams, or active chilled beams in fluid communication with the second refrigeration system. The air conditioning system can also include a pump circulating a working fluid from the second refrigeration system, to the radiant cooling panels or chilled beams, to the air handling unit second heat exchanger, and back to the second refrigeration system.
In one example, the first refrigeration system is a direct expansion type refrigeration system. In one example, the second refrigeration system is an air-cooled chiller. In one example, each terminal unit includes at least one of the plurality of radiant cooling panels or chilled beams.
A method of conditioning a space is also disclosed. The method can include the steps of cooling a first working fluid with a first refrigeration system, cooling a second working fluid with a second refrigeration system, cooling a supply air flow with a first heat exchanger utilizing the first working fluid, heating the supply airflow with a second heat exchanger utilizing the second heat exchanger, cooling one or more radiant cooling panels or chilled beams utilizing the second working fluid prior to the step of heating the supply airflow with the second working fluid, and delivering the supply airflow to an interior space.
In one example, the second working fluid is one of water, glycol, and a combination of water and glycol. In one example, the step of cooling the supply airflow with a fourth heat exchanger is performed prior to the step of cooling the supply airflow with the first heat exchanger. In one example, the step of cooling the supply airflow with the fourth heat exchanger includes transferring heat from a return airflow from the interior space to the supply airflow. In one example, the method includes a step of cooling the supply airflow with the fourth heat exchanger by passing the supply and return airflows through a passive desiccant enthalpy wheel. In one example, the first refrigeration system is a direct expansion type system and the second refrigeration system is an air cooled chiller. In one example, the step of cooling the one or more radiant cooling panels or chilled beams with the second working fluid includes delivering the second working fluid to the radiant cooling panels or chilled beams at a temperature that is equal to or above a measured dew point temperature of the interior space.
A variety of additional aspects will be set forth in the description that follows. The aspects can relate to individual features and to combinations of features. It is to be understood that both the forgoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the broad inventive concepts upon which the examples disclosed herein are based.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of the description, illustrate several aspects of the present disclosure. A brief description of the drawings is presented below.

FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a system utilizing an integrated chilled beam/chiller direct outside air path unit.

FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a cooling coil suitable for use within the air handling system shown in FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of a cooling coil suitable for use within the air handling system shown in FIG. 1.

FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of a direct expansion cooling system usable in the integrated chilled beam/chiller direct outside air path unit shown in FIG. 1.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Various examples will be described in detail with reference to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals represent like parts and assemblies throughout the several views. Reference to various examples does not limit the scope of the claims attached hereto. Additionally, any examples set forth in this specification are not intended to be limiting and merely set forth some of the many possible examples for the appended claims. Referring to the drawings wherein like reference numbers correspond to like or similar components throughout the several figures.
As shown, the conditioning system 1 includes an air handling system 100 that provides conditioned air and cooling water to a plurality of terminal units 200.
The air handling system 100 is defined by an enclosure 102. In one aspect, the enclosure includes a first air inlet 106 and a first air outlet 108, between which a process air flow path 104 extends. In the example shown, the first air inlet 106 is in communication either directly or via ductwork with the outside air at ambient conditions. The enclosure 102 is also shown as including a second air inlet 110 and a second air outlet 112, between which a regeneration air flow path 114 extends. The process and regeneration air flow paths 104, 114 are shown as being separated by an internal wall 113. A process air fan 116 may be provided to move air through the process airflow path while a regeneration air fan 117 may be provided to move air through the regeneration airflow path 114.
The air handling system 100 also has an energy recovery wheel 118, for example a passive desiccant energy recovery wheel, extending between the process and regeneration airflow paths 104, 114. As the energy recovery wheel 118 rotates, the wheel 118 transfers heat and humidity between the process and regeneration airflow paths 104, 114. In one implementation, return air (from the conditioned space 2) is drawn through a portion of the wheel 118 extending within the regeneration air flow path 114 by the regeneration fan 117 while outside air is drawn through a portion of the wheel 118 disposed in the process air flow path 104. Under certain conditions, the cooler and dryer return air in the regeneration airflow path absorbs heat and moisture from the outside air in the process airflow path via the energy recovery wheel 118 such that the process air is preconditioned.
In the example shown, ductwork 130 extends between the space 2 and the second air inlet 110 such that return air can be delivered to the air handling system 100. Ductwork 132 is also shown as being provided between the terminal units 200 and the air outlet 108 of the air handling system 100 such that supply air can be delivered to the terminal units 200 by the air handling system 100. In one aspect, the air handling system 100 is provided with a damper assembly 119. As shown, the damper assembly 119 has a first section 119 a that controls the volume of outside air entering through inlet 106 and a second section 119 b that controls the volume of exhaust air exiting through outlet 112. The position of the damper assemblies 119 a and 119 b can be positioned (e.g. via actuators operated via a building automation system) to control the ratio of return air from the space 2 and outside air entering from inlet 106 that is delivered to the back to the space 2 via the process fan 108 and to control the amount of exhaust air that exits outlet 112. Where damper assembly 119 a is positioned in a completely opened position and damper assembly 119 b is positioned in a completely closed position, the air handling system 100 will deliver 100 percent outside air from inlet 106 to the space 2 via fan 116. Where damper assembly 119 a is positioned in a completely closed position and damper assembly 119 b is positioned in a completely open position, the air handling system 100 will deliver 100 percent return air from inlet 110 to the space 2 via fan 116. Accordingly, the dampers 119 a, 119 b can be cooperatively positioned at any desired intermediate position to achieve a desired percentage of outside air delivered to the space 2.
As shown, the air handling system 100 further includes a hybrid coil system 120 having a first section 120 a and a second section 120 b. In one arrangement, the first section 120 a is a direct expansion or “DX” type coil and the second section 120 b is a liquid-to-air heat exchanger coil that utilizes a liquid as the heat transfer mechanism. The coil assembly can be provided with a unitary construction such that the sections 120 a and 120 b are joined together such that the coils utilize common heat transfer fins that traverse across both sections, as illustrated at FIG. 2. The sections 120 a, 120 b may also be provided as separate coils that are then later joined together or mounted separately within the process air flow path 104. Referring to FIG. 3, an alternative arrangement is presented in which a third section 120 c is provided that transfers heat from a modulating hot gas bypass system to the process air (i.e. a gas reheat coil). As shown, the third section is shown downstream of the second section 120 b.
The air handling system 100 is additionally shown as including a first refrigeration system 122 and a second refrigeration system 124.
In one embodiment, the first refrigeration system 122 is a direct expansion type system including one or more compressors C and one or more expansion valves V in fluid communication with the hybrid coil assembly first section 120 a. The first refrigeration system 122 can further include a condensing unit or section 128 including a condensing coil 128 a and fan 128 b for condensing the refrigerant circulating through the hybrid coil assembly first section 120 a, as schematically depicted at FIG. 4.
In one embodiment, the second refrigeration system 124 is an air cooled chiller system including one or more compressors and evaporators that cool a liquid refrigerant circulated between the hybrid coil assembly second section 120 b and one or more compressor(s). The liquid refrigerant can be water, glycol, or a combination of water and glycol, or any other suitable heat transfer fluid. The air cooled chiller system 124 can further include a condensing unit or section including a condensing coil and fan for condensing the refrigerant circulating through the hybrid coil assembly first section 120 a. The second refrigeration system 124 could also be alternatively configured as a water cooled chiller.
As shown, each of the first and second refrigeration systems is packaged within the air handling unit enclosure 102 such that a single resulting structure exists. Such a configuration is advantageous in that all major mechanical equipment associated with the system 1 can be delivered to a job site and installed, for example on a roof, in a single step with much of the piping and associated components already installed.
The second refrigeration system 124 also includes a pump 126 and associated piping 126 a, 126 b, 126 c, configured such that the pump 126 pumps water through an evaporator and then to terminal units 200 within the building via supply piping 126 a. The volume of water delivered to each terminal units 200 can be controlled via individual control valves 202, which can be operated to maintain a room temperature set point via a room temperature sensor. An example terminal unit 200 suitable for use in the disclosed design is shown and described in US Patent Application Publication US 20120270494 A1, the entirety of which is incorporated by reference herein.
From the terminal units 200, the chilled water is routed to the hybrid coil assembly second section 120 b via intermediate piping 126 b and then back to the pump 126 via return piping 126 c. With this routing, the second refrigeration system 124 can be configured to generate 58 degree F. chilled water that is delivered to the terminal units 200 via supply piping 126 a. In one example, the terminal units 200 perform only sensible cooling and such a chilled water supply temperature is sufficient to provide cooling without condensing moisture from the air passing through the terminal unit 200. After passing through the terminal units 200, the chilled water is delivered to the second section 120 b at an elevated temperature, for example at about 64 degrees F., via intermediate piping 126 b. Typically, the first refrigeration system 122 and first section 120 a will cool the air down to a temperature that is lower than desired for delivery to the terminal units 200 and that is below the temperature of the chilled water being delivered to the second section 120 b. In one example, the air passing through the second section 120 b decreases the chilled water temperature, for example from about 64 degrees F. to about 62 degrees F. Concurrently, the air passing through the second section 120 b is heated. This approach can eliminate the need for reheating the air via other means, such as a hot gas bypass system associated with the first refrigeration system 122. As noted previously, if further reheating is desired, a third section 120 c can be provided that does utilize heat from a hot gas bypass system, as shown at FIG. 3. From the second section 120 b of the coil arrangement 120, water is returned to the second refrigeration system 124 via piping 126 c, thus completing the circuit such that the water can be cooled and returned to the terminal units via operation of the pump 126.
From the forgoing detailed description, it will be evident that modifications and variations can be made in the aspects of the disclosure without departing from the spirit or scope of the aspects. While the best modes for carrying out the many aspects of the present teachings have been described in detail, those familiar with the art to which these teachings relate will recognize various alternative aspects for practicing the present teachings that are within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

What is claimed is:

1. An air handling system comprising:

a. an enclosure defining a first airflow path extending between a first air inlet and a first air outlet;

b. a first fan located between the first air inlet and outlet;

c. a first coil section located between the first air inlet and outlet, the first coil section being configured to provide cooling to air flowing through the first coil section;

d. a second coil section located between the first cooling coil section and the first outlet, the second coil section being configured to provide cooling to air flowing through the second coil section;

e. a first refrigeration system that provides cooling to the first coiling coil;

f. a second refrigeration system configured to provide cooling to terminal units associated with the air handling system and heating to the second coil section.

2. The air handling system of claim 1, wherein:

a. the first refrigeration system is a direct expansion type refrigeration system.

3. The air handling system of claim 1, wherein the second refrigeration system is an air-cooled chiller.

4. The air handling system of claim 1, further comprising:

a. a second fan located between a second air inlet and a second air outlet defining a second airflow path.

5. The air handling system of claim 4, further comprising:

a. a heat exchanger extending between the first and second airflow paths.

6. The air handling system of claim 5, wherein the heat exchanger is a passive desiccant enthalpy wheel.

7. An air conditioning system comprising:

a. an air handling unit providing a supply airflow, the air handling unit including:

i. a first heat exchanger for cooling the supply airflow;

ii. a second heat exchanger for reheating the supply airflow cooled by the first heat exchanger;

iii. a first refrigeration system providing cooling to the first heat exchanger; and

iv. a second refrigeration system providing cooling to the second heat exchanger;

b. a plurality of terminal units in fluid communication with the supply airflow generated by the air handling unit;

c. a plurality of radiant panels or chilled beams in fluid communication with the second refrigeration system; and

d. a pump circulating a working fluid from the second refrigeration system, to the radiant cooling panels or chilled beams, to the air handling unit second heat exchanger, and back to the second refrigeration system.

8. The air conditioning system of claim 7, wherein:

9. The air conditioning system of claim 7, wherein the second refrigeration system is an air-cooled chiller.

10. The air conditioning system of claim 7, further comprising:

11. The air conditioning system of claim 7, further comprising:

a. a heat exchanger extending between the first and second airflow paths.

12. The air conditioning system of claim 11, wherein the heat exchanger is a passive desiccant enthalpy wheel.

13. The air conditioning system of claim 7, wherein each terminal unit includes at least one of the plurality of radiant cooling panels or chilled beams.

14. A method of conditioning a space, the method comprising:

a. cooling a first working fluid with a first refrigeration system;

b. cooling a second working fluid with a second refrigeration system;

c. cooling a supply air flow with a first heat exchanger utilizing the first working fluid;

d. heating the supply airflow with a second heat exchanger utilizing the second heat exchanger;

e. cooling one or more radiant cooling panels or chilled beams utilizing the second working fluid prior to the step of heating the supply airflow with the second working fluid; and

f. delivering the supply airflow to an interior space.

15. The method of claim 13, wherein the second working fluid is one of water, glycol, and a combination of water and glycol.

16. The method of claim 13, further including the step of cooling the supply airflow with a fourth heat exchanger prior to the step of cooling the supply airflow with the first heat exchanger.

17. The method of claim 15, wherein the step of cooling the supply airflow with the fourth heat exchanger includes transferring heat from a return airflow from the interior space to the supply airflow.

18. The method of claim 16, wherein the step of cooling the supply airflow with the fourth heat exchanger includes passing the supply and return airflows through a passive desiccant enthalpy wheel.

19. The method of claim 13, wherein the first refrigeration system is a direct expansion type system and the second refrigeration system is an air cooled chiller.

20. The method of claim 13, wherein the step of cooling the one or more radiant cooling panels or chilled beams with the second working fluid includes delivering the second working fluid to the radiant cooling panels or chilled beams at a temperature that is equal to or above a measured dew point temperature of the interior space.