US20210000086A1 - Cephalopod feeder, feeding method, and cephalopod - Google Patents
Cephalopod feeder, feeding method, and cephalopod Download PDFInfo
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- US20210000086A1 US20210000086A1 US16/969,804 US201916969804A US2021000086A1 US 20210000086 A1 US20210000086 A1 US 20210000086A1 US 201916969804 A US201916969804 A US 201916969804A US 2021000086 A1 US2021000086 A1 US 2021000086A1
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- cephalopod
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- cephalopods
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Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/54—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/80—Feeding devices
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a cephalopod feeder, a feeding method using the same, and a cephalopod reared by the feeding method.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an octopus raising shelter and an octopus aquaculture system.
- Non-Patent Document 1 discloses observation of octopus raising.
- the present invention is intended to provide a cephalopod feeder capable of better raising cephalopods, a feeding method using the same, and a cephalopod reared by the feeding method.
- a cephalopod feeder including an outer shell having a concave portion and a feed placed in the concave portion.
- [5] A method of feeding a cephalopod using the feeder according to any one of [1] to [4].
- the present invention can provide a feeder, a feeding method for cephalopods that can provide better feed them, prevent deterioration of the rearing environment, and better rear cephalopods, and a cephalopod with improved flesh quality through good rearing.
- FIGS. 1A to 1G are schematic diagrams illustrating feeders.
- step includes not only an independent step but also a step that cannot be clearly distinguished from other steps as long as an intended object of such a step is achieved.
- an amount of each component in the mixture means a total amount of the plurality of substances present in the mixture, unless otherwise specified.
- a feeder (cephalopod feeding device) according to an embodiment of the present invention is used for raising cephalopods.
- the feeder may be installed in a tank for raising cephalopods, or outside the tank for raising cephalopods as long as the cephalopods can reach their arms and be fed.
- the “arms” of cephalopods described in the present embodiment refer to protrusions that grow from the heads of cephalopods. Including octopus, eight-armed cephalopods have eight arms, and including squid, ten-armed cephalopods have ten arms. Out of the ten arms possessed by the ten-armed cephalopods, the two long ones are called tentacles and may be used for eating a feed.
- Cephalopods may be raised in a manner as appropriate for the type of cephalopods.
- the raising of cephalopods may be performed in a land tank or a marine cage. Raising in a land tank makes it easier to observe the feed intake.
- a plurality of individual ones may be raised simultaneously in a tank or a cage, or each one may be raised individually in a tank or a cage.
- the device may be installed at each time of feeding, or may be installed permanently while replacing the feed placed in the feeder appropriately.
- the device may be arranged at a predetermined installation location such as in a tank, or as long as the cephalopods can extend their arms and eat the feed, the device may be installed in a movable manner, for example, being suspended from above.
- FIGS. 1A to 1G illustrate seven types of feeders 11 to 17 .
- the feeder 11 illustrated in FIG. 1A will be described as an example, and then the feeders 12 to 17 as modified examples will be described.
- the feeder 11 includes an outer shell 1 having a concave portion 1 a and a feed 2 placed in the concave portion.
- the material for the outer shell 1 may be any material as long as it does not inhibit feeding of the cephalopods.
- the material for the outer shell 1 may be an artificial material such as metal, chinaware, ceramic, synthetic resin, wood, rubber, paper, leather, glass, or tile, or a natural material such as stone, shell, or bone.
- the outer shell 1 In a case where the outer shell 1 has enough strength to withstand the pressure from the arms of the cephalopods, the outer shell 1 does not collapse, dissipation of the feed placed in the concave portion is reduced, and deterioration of the water quality can be prevented, whereby an appropriate raising environment can be maintained.
- the outer shell 1 of the feeder 11 has a cup shape having a concave portion 1 a at the center.
- the outer shell 1 of the feeder 11 may have any shape as long as it can feed cephalopods.
- the shape may be a substantially spherical shape, a substantially columnar shape, a substantially conical shape, a substantially polyhedral shape, or a shape resembling a creature eaten by a cephalopod. Examples of organisms that are eaten by cephalopods include small fish, crustaceans, shellfish, hermit crabs, and squid.
- the shape of the outer shell 1 of the feeder 11 may be a shape that can be held by arms of cephalopods. If the outer shell 1 of the feeder 11 has a shape that can be held by their arms of the cephalopods, more feed can be given to the cephalopods having a habit of drawing a feed near their mouth for eating.
- the size of the outer shell 1 of the feeder 11 is not particularly limited as long as cephalopods can extend their arms and eat a feed, but for example, when the cephalopods have a total length of 30 cm, the outer diameter may be approximately from 1 cm to 7 cm.
- the concave portion 1 a of the outer shell 1 of the feeder 11 may have any shape as long as the feed can be placed inside the concave portion 1 a .
- the concave portion 1 a of the outer shell 1 of the feeder 11 may have a substantially hemispherical shape, a substantially groove shape, a substantially conical shape, or a substantially tubular shape penetrating the outer shell 1 .
- the concave portion provided in natural materials, such as a stone, a shell, or a bone may also be used as an outer shell of the feeder 11 as it is.
- the concave portion 1 a of the outer shell 1 may be formed so as to cover at least half of the volume of the feed, or to wrap a portion of the feed in a fixed manner on the outer shell, thereby holding the feed placed inside the concave portion 1 a.
- the feed 2 is placed inside the outer edge of concave portion 3 , that is, inside the concave portion 1 a of the outer shell 1 .
- the feed 2 may be placed in any manner as long as it is held inside the concave portion 1 a .
- a part of the feed 2 may be directly bonded to the outer shell 1 , or even if it is not bonded to the outer shell 1 , it may be placed so that it is held by being physically covered by the concave portion of the outer shell 1 .
- the feed 2 is easily held by the outer shell 1 even if there is a water flow caused by, for example, the movement of the cephalopods, or the movement of the bubbles.
- An adherent feed can be produced by using a substance that adheres to the outer shell for a part of the feed 2 .
- the adherent feed according to the present embodiment is a feed that can adhere to the concave portion of the outer shell 1 and maintain its shape.
- the adherent feed may have, for example, a viscosity of 10 Pa to 100 Pa.
- the adherent feed may be a feed having physical properties that maintain its original shape when exposed to a water flow at a flow rate of 0.1, 1, 5, 10, or 15 cm/s.
- the adherent feed may be a feed that easily breaks up in water. Breaking up may be determined by fragmentation such that the shape of the feed cannot be recognized.
- the feed that easily breaks up refers to, for example, a feed that breaks up in about 15 minutes when left standing in water and breaks up immediately when the cephalopods grab the feed.
- the substance adhering to the outer shell 1 include proteins such as collagen, polysaccharides such as fucoidan and carrageenan, phospholipids such as egg membrane, glycoproteins, and glycolipids.
- the feed containing protein can promote the growth of cephalopods.
- the surface shape of the outer shell 1 may be changed so that the feed 2 easily adheres to the outer shell 1 (particularly, inside the concave portion).
- Examples of the surface shaping include providing fine irregularities, and providing a plurality of fine grooves on the surface of the outer shell 1 (the surface inside the concave portion).
- the size of the irregularities provided on the surface of the outer shell 1 may be changed according to the characteristics of the feed 2 .
- the surface shape of the outer shell 1 to which the feed 2 does not adhere may be changed so that the cephalopods can easily hold it using their arms.
- Examples of the modification of the surface shaping include providing fine irregularities, and providing a plurality of fine grooves on the surface of the outer shell 1 (the surface inside the concave portion).
- the size of the irregularities provided on the surface of the outer shell 1 may be changed according to the type and characteristics of the cephalopods.
- the feed 2 may be any feed as long as it can be eaten by cephalopods.
- the feed may be made using one or more feed ingredients.
- the feed ingredients include fish such as horse mackerel, mackerel, and sardine, clams such as short-neck clam, freshwater clam, turban shell, crustaceans such as shrimp, crab, krill, and grains such as soybean, corn, rice, and wheat.
- the feed 2 may be a blended feed.
- the blended feed may include, for example, ground fish, shellfish, crustaceans, and cereals.
- a blended feed it is easy to add a component that promotes the growth of cephalopods, and to flexibly cope with price fluctuations of feed ingredients.
- the component that promotes the growth of cephalopods include vitamins, minerals, hormones, prophylactics, therapeutics, sedatives, and vaccines.
- the feeder 11 is placed at a position where the cephalopods can eat using their arms, with the feed 2 attached to the inside of the concave portion provided in the outer shell 1 .
- the cephalopods are interested in the feed, they extend their arms and eat the feed 2 .
- Eating by the cephalopods is promoted by setting the feeder 11 , to which the feed 2 is attached, accessible to the cephalopods. As described above, according to the feeder and the feeding method according to the present embodiment, more feed can be continuously supplied to the cephalopods.
- the feeder and the feeding method according to the present embodiment promote feeding of cephalopods, whereby remaining of the feed in the raising environment and deterioration of the raising environment can be prevented.
- eating by the cephalopods reared by the above-described feeding method is promoted due to the improved raising environment, so that the nutritional status of the cephalopods is improved.
- damage to the arms or the surface of the body of the cephalopods is reduced, and the flesh quality of the cephalopods can be improved so that the taste and umami when served for food are enhanced.
- reduced arm or body surface damage can reduce the risk of infection.
- the timing of feeding the cephalopods may be any time as long as the developed cephalopods can eat a protein-containing feed.
- feed intake can be enhanced through eating with arms holding the feed.
- High feed intake can be maintained by setting the ratio of feeding using the feeder described in the present embodiment to 10% or higher, 20% or higher, 30% or higher, or 50% or higher of the quantity of feed for the cephalopods.
- Cephalopods that maintain high growth and have good flesh quality can be developed by feeding them using the feeder described in the present embodiment for one month or more, two months or more, or three months or more.
- the timing of feeding cephalopods may be any time as long as the cephalopods can eat.
- the internal clock and the digestion and absorption cycle in the cephalopods are linked, whereby stress is reduced and growth is promoted.
- the internal clock of the cephalopods synchronized with the light-dark cycle and the digestive absorption cycle are linked, whereby stress is reduced and growth is promoted.
- Feeding cephalopods may be performed by planned feeding giving a predetermined amount, or by satiation in which feed consumption is observed while feeding, and feeding is kept as long as eating continues.
- the cephalopods raised by the feeder of the present invention can be used not only for human food applications including raw foods, processed foods, frozen foods, chilled foods, and dried foods, but also for a raw material for food, feed applications, ornamental applications, and as a raw material for extracting useful components.
- the cephalopods raised by the feeder of the present invention are excellent in growth and rich in proteins, so they have good taste, contain many components that contribute to health, and are excellent for food applications.
- Feeders 12 to 17 will be described with reference to FIGS. 1A to 1G .
- the feeder 12 illustrated in FIG. 1B is an example in which the outer shell 1 has a substantially square pillar shape.
- the outer edge of concave portion 3 is rectangular in a plan view, and the concave portion 1 a of the outer shell 1 is also substantially square pillar-shaped.
- the outer shape of the feeder 13 illustrated in FIG. 1C formed of an outer shell 1 and a feed 2 is substantially a square pillar shape like the feeder 12 , but it can be said that the side wall is partially removed as compared with the feeder 12 .
- the outer shell 1 of the feeder 13 has a cylindrical shape with a part (one side) of which is open, and the inner side thereof is a concave portion 1 a , and a feed 2 is placed therein.
- the feed 2 is exposed at the opening 2 a and the openings 2 b and 2 c at both ends of the cylindrical outer shell 1 (the opening 2 c is an end opposite to the opening 2 b ).
- cephalopods can easily eat the feed using the openings 2 a to 2 c.
- the feeder 14 illustrated in FIG. 1D has a cup shape having a concave portion 1 a at the center similarly to the feeder 11 , but its depth is smaller than that of the feeder 11 . Therefore, a large exposed surface of the feed 2 is secured, so that the cephalopods can easily eat the feed 2 .
- the feeder 15 illustrated in FIG. 1E has a semicircular arc shape in cross section, and a feed 2 is attached to the inside of the arc portion of an outer shell 1 extending in the depth direction in the figure. That is, the inside of the arc portion functions as a concave portion 1 a . In the case of the feeder 15 having such a shape, the exposed surface of a feed 2 becomes large similarly to the feeder 13 , so that the cephalopods can easily intake the feed 2 .
- an outer shell 1 has a substantially spherical shape, and a plurality of groove-shaped concave portions 1 a extending in the circumferential direction are formed around the outer shell 1 , and a feed 2 is attached to the inside. An outer edge of concave portion 3 is formed between two adjacent grooves.
- a plurality of concave portions 1 a for accommodating the feed 2 may be provided in one outer shell 1 . Even in the case of such a configuration, the exposed surface of the feed 2 is large, so that the cephalopods can easily eat the feed 2 .
- through holes 1 b are provided in a columnar outer shell 1 , and a feed 2 is filled in each through hole 1 b . That is, the through hole 1 b functions as a concave portion for accommodating the feed 2 . Also in the feeder 17 , similarly to the feeder 16 , a plurality of concave portions for accommodating the feed 2 are provided in one outer shell 1 . In order to hold the feed 2 , the through hole 1 b does not have to penetrate. In this manner, the shape of the feeder may be appropriately changed. Further, the shapes of the outer shell and the concave portion may be appropriately changed. Note that a feeder combining features of different feeders among the feeders 11 to 17 may be used.
- a synthetic resin pipe having a length of 5 cm and an outer diameter of 20 mm was prepared as an outer shell. Minced fish meat was filled as a feed into a concave portion having an inner diameter of 18 mm of the pipe, thus producing a feeder according to Example 1.
- the outer shell 1 is cylindrical, and a cylindrical region inside the pipe is a concave portion for accommodating the feed.
- the feeder according to Example 1 was used for five of the common octopuses of about 200 g in a land tank; the common octopuses immediately held the feeder with their arms and started eating the feed. Thirty minutes later, the feed placed in the concave portion of the synthetic resin pipe was completely consumed. In addition, the type of feed was changed, and a feed prepared by mixing minced fish meat and minced shellfish meat, and a feed prepared by mixing minced fish meat with 20% gelatin were fed to the common octopuses in the same manner. In each case, the common octopuses immediately held the pipe as a feeder with their arms and started eating the feeds, and after 30 minutes, had completely eaten the feed placed in the concave portion of the synthetic resin pipe.
- the type of feed was changed, and a feed containing from 1 to 5% salt in minced fish meat and a feed containing 5% starch in minced fish meat were prepared, and fed to the common octopus as they were without being placed in the outer shell.
- the common octopuses held the feeds with their arms, but stopped eating the feeds on the way, and about 50% or greater of the feeds remained in the tank.
- the remaining feeds broken up in the water, so that the water quality deteriorated and the broken feeds were not eaten.
- the breaking up of the feed was also observed during feed eating by the common octopuses, and the water quality deteriorated even in the rare case where the feeds were completely eaten.
- Example 1 only the minced fish meat was used as feed, but the minced fish meat was weakly formed and could not be fed directly to the common octopuses.
- the common octopuses cultured with the feeds used in Example 1 showed a strong appetite continuously for three months or more. As for the raising results, the survival rate was 100%, and the body weight of each octopus increased five times or more. All of the octopuses had less damage to their arms and body surface, and when provided for human consumption, had a rich taste and a strong umami. In the common octopuses cultured with the feeds used in Comparative Example 1, damage to their arms and body surface were observed.
- feed intake by cephalopods can be improved. Further, according to the present invention, deterioration of the raising environment for cephalopods can be prevented. Further, according to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a cephalopod having a good taste and a large amount of components contributing to health.
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Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to a cephalopod feeder, a feeding method using the same, and a cephalopod reared by the feeding method.
- In recent years, since consumers have strong preference and interests in resource conservation, there is a demand for the development of aquaculture techniques for cephalopods.
- For example,
Patent Document 1 discloses an octopus raising shelter and an octopus aquaculture system. Non-PatentDocument 1 discloses observation of octopus raising. - On the other hand, in the aquaculture of cephalopods, although better feeding methods are becoming important, knowledge of cephalopod feeding methods has been insufficient.
-
- Patent Document 1: JP 2017-006054 A
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- Non-Patent Document 1: Rosario Martinez et al., “Growth, survival and physiological condition of Octopus maya when fed a successful formulated diet”, Aquaculture, Apr. 20, 2014, No. 426-427, p. 310-317
- As described above, for cephalopods, sufficient knowledge has not been obtained as to what feeding method should be used to better feed them and what kind of feeding method is better suited for improving flesh quality of cultured cephalopods while maintaining an appropriate raising environment in aquaculture with the purpose of producing a source for food and other things.
- In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention is intended to provide a cephalopod feeder capable of better raising cephalopods, a feeding method using the same, and a cephalopod reared by the feeding method.
- The present invention is described below.
- [1] A cephalopod feeder including an outer shell having a concave portion and a feed placed in the concave portion.
- [2] The feeder according to [1], in which the outer shell is shaped to be held by an arm of a cephalopod.
- [3] The feeder according to [1] or [2], in which the outer shell has a strength capable of withstanding pressure from an arm of a cephalopod.
- [4] The feeder according to any one of [1] to [3], in which the feed is an adherent feed.
- [5] A method of feeding a cephalopod using the feeder according to any one of [1] to [4].
- [6] A cephalopod reared by the feeding method according to [5].
- The present invention can provide a feeder, a feeding method for cephalopods that can provide better feed them, prevent deterioration of the rearing environment, and better rear cephalopods, and a cephalopod with improved flesh quality through good rearing.
-
FIGS. 1A to 1G are schematic diagrams illustrating feeders. - In the present specification, the term “step” includes not only an independent step but also a step that cannot be clearly distinguished from other steps as long as an intended object of such a step is achieved.
- In the present specification, numerical ranges indicated by “to” are ranges including the numerical values put before and after “to” as the minimum value and maximum value, respectively.
- In the present specification, in a case where a plurality of substances corresponding to each component are present in the mixture, an amount of each component in the mixture means a total amount of the plurality of substances present in the mixture, unless otherwise specified.
- In the present specification, the terms “not greater than” and “less than” in regard to percentages mean ranges including 0%, which is the case of “not contained”, or a value undetectable by present means, unless the lower limit is specifically stated.
- A feeder and a feeding method according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described below.
- A feeder (cephalopod feeding device) according to an embodiment of the present invention is used for raising cephalopods. The feeder may be installed in a tank for raising cephalopods, or outside the tank for raising cephalopods as long as the cephalopods can reach their arms and be fed.
- The “arms” of cephalopods described in the present embodiment refer to protrusions that grow from the heads of cephalopods. Including octopus, eight-armed cephalopods have eight arms, and including squid, ten-armed cephalopods have ten arms. Out of the ten arms possessed by the ten-armed cephalopods, the two long ones are called tentacles and may be used for eating a feed.
- Cephalopods may be raised in a manner as appropriate for the type of cephalopods. The raising of cephalopods may be performed in a land tank or a marine cage. Raising in a land tank makes it easier to observe the feed intake. For raising cephalopods, a plurality of individual ones may be raised simultaneously in a tank or a cage, or each one may be raised individually in a tank or a cage.
- In the above-described raising environment, as to the installation of the feeder according to the present embodiment, the device may be installed at each time of feeding, or may be installed permanently while replacing the feed placed in the feeder appropriately.
- In addition, as to an embodiment of installation of the feeder, the device may be arranged at a predetermined installation location such as in a tank, or as long as the cephalopods can extend their arms and eat the feed, the device may be installed in a movable manner, for example, being suspended from above.
-
FIGS. 1A to 1G illustrate seven types offeeders 11 to 17. Hereinafter, thefeeder 11 illustrated inFIG. 1A will be described as an example, and then thefeeders 12 to 17 as modified examples will be described. Thefeeder 11 includes anouter shell 1 having a concave portion 1 a and afeed 2 placed in the concave portion. The material for theouter shell 1 may be any material as long as it does not inhibit feeding of the cephalopods. The material for theouter shell 1 may be an artificial material such as metal, chinaware, ceramic, synthetic resin, wood, rubber, paper, leather, glass, or tile, or a natural material such as stone, shell, or bone. In a case where theouter shell 1 has enough strength to withstand the pressure from the arms of the cephalopods, theouter shell 1 does not collapse, dissipation of the feed placed in the concave portion is reduced, and deterioration of the water quality can be prevented, whereby an appropriate raising environment can be maintained. - The
outer shell 1 of thefeeder 11 has a cup shape having a concave portion 1 a at the center. However, theouter shell 1 of thefeeder 11 may have any shape as long as it can feed cephalopods. The shape may be a substantially spherical shape, a substantially columnar shape, a substantially conical shape, a substantially polyhedral shape, or a shape resembling a creature eaten by a cephalopod. Examples of organisms that are eaten by cephalopods include small fish, crustaceans, shellfish, hermit crabs, and squid. The shape of theouter shell 1 of thefeeder 11 may be a shape that can be held by arms of cephalopods. If theouter shell 1 of thefeeder 11 has a shape that can be held by their arms of the cephalopods, more feed can be given to the cephalopods having a habit of drawing a feed near their mouth for eating. - The size of the
outer shell 1 of thefeeder 11 is not particularly limited as long as cephalopods can extend their arms and eat a feed, but for example, when the cephalopods have a total length of 30 cm, the outer diameter may be approximately from 1 cm to 7 cm. By setting the size of theouter shell 1 of thefeeder 11 to the above-described range, it becomes easier for cephalopods to hold the feed using their arms, so that the eating by the cephalopods can be promoted. - The concave portion 1 a of the
outer shell 1 of thefeeder 11 may have any shape as long as the feed can be placed inside the concave portion 1 a. The concave portion 1 a of theouter shell 1 of thefeeder 11 may have a substantially hemispherical shape, a substantially groove shape, a substantially conical shape, or a substantially tubular shape penetrating theouter shell 1. In addition, the concave portion provided in natural materials, such as a stone, a shell, or a bone, may also be used as an outer shell of thefeeder 11 as it is. The concave portion 1 a of theouter shell 1 may be formed so as to cover at least half of the volume of the feed, or to wrap a portion of the feed in a fixed manner on the outer shell, thereby holding the feed placed inside the concave portion 1 a. - The
feed 2 is placed inside the outer edge ofconcave portion 3, that is, inside the concave portion 1 a of theouter shell 1. Thefeed 2 may be placed in any manner as long as it is held inside the concave portion 1 a. A part of thefeed 2 may be directly bonded to theouter shell 1, or even if it is not bonded to theouter shell 1, it may be placed so that it is held by being physically covered by the concave portion of theouter shell 1. When a part of thefeed 2 is attached to the outer shell, thefeed 2 is easily held by theouter shell 1 even if there is a water flow caused by, for example, the movement of the cephalopods, or the movement of the bubbles. An adherent feed can be produced by using a substance that adheres to the outer shell for a part of thefeed 2. The adherent feed according to the present embodiment is a feed that can adhere to the concave portion of theouter shell 1 and maintain its shape. The adherent feed may have, for example, a viscosity of 10 Pa to 100 Pa. In addition, the adherent feed may be a feed having physical properties that maintain its original shape when exposed to a water flow at a flow rate of 0.1, 1, 5, 10, or 15 cm/s. In addition, the adherent feed may be a feed that easily breaks up in water. Breaking up may be determined by fragmentation such that the shape of the feed cannot be recognized. The feed that easily breaks up refers to, for example, a feed that breaks up in about 15 minutes when left standing in water and breaks up immediately when the cephalopods grab the feed. Examples of the substance adhering to theouter shell 1 include proteins such as collagen, polysaccharides such as fucoidan and carrageenan, phospholipids such as egg membrane, glycoproteins, and glycolipids. The feed containing protein can promote the growth of cephalopods. - The surface shape of the
outer shell 1 may be changed so that thefeed 2 easily adheres to the outer shell 1 (particularly, inside the concave portion). Examples of the surface shaping include providing fine irregularities, and providing a plurality of fine grooves on the surface of the outer shell 1 (the surface inside the concave portion). The size of the irregularities provided on the surface of theouter shell 1 may be changed according to the characteristics of thefeed 2. - The surface shape of the
outer shell 1 to which thefeed 2 does not adhere may be changed so that the cephalopods can easily hold it using their arms. Examples of the modification of the surface shaping include providing fine irregularities, and providing a plurality of fine grooves on the surface of the outer shell 1 (the surface inside the concave portion). The size of the irregularities provided on the surface of theouter shell 1 may be changed according to the type and characteristics of the cephalopods. - The
feed 2 may be any feed as long as it can be eaten by cephalopods. The feed may be made using one or more feed ingredients. Examples of the feed ingredients include fish such as horse mackerel, mackerel, and sardine, clams such as short-neck clam, freshwater clam, turban shell, crustaceans such as shrimp, crab, krill, and grains such as soybean, corn, rice, and wheat. - The
feed 2 may be a blended feed. The blended feed may include, for example, ground fish, shellfish, crustaceans, and cereals. In a case where a blended feed is used as a feed, it is easy to add a component that promotes the growth of cephalopods, and to flexibly cope with price fluctuations of feed ingredients. Examples of the component that promotes the growth of cephalopods include vitamins, minerals, hormones, prophylactics, therapeutics, sedatives, and vaccines. - In a case where feeding cephalopods is performed using the
feeder 11, thefeeder 11 is placed at a position where the cephalopods can eat using their arms, with thefeed 2 attached to the inside of the concave portion provided in theouter shell 1. When the cephalopods are interested in the feed, they extend their arms and eat thefeed 2. Eating by the cephalopods is promoted by setting thefeeder 11, to which thefeed 2 is attached, accessible to the cephalopods. As described above, according to the feeder and the feeding method according to the present embodiment, more feed can be continuously supplied to the cephalopods. In addition, the feeder and the feeding method according to the present embodiment promote feeding of cephalopods, whereby remaining of the feed in the raising environment and deterioration of the raising environment can be prevented. In addition, eating by the cephalopods reared by the above-described feeding method is promoted due to the improved raising environment, so that the nutritional status of the cephalopods is improved. As a result, damage to the arms or the surface of the body of the cephalopods is reduced, and the flesh quality of the cephalopods can be improved so that the taste and umami when served for food are enhanced. In addition, reduced arm or body surface damage can reduce the risk of infection. - The timing of feeding the cephalopods may be any time as long as the developed cephalopods can eat a protein-containing feed. By feeding using the feeder described in the present embodiment, feed intake can be enhanced through eating with arms holding the feed. High feed intake can be maintained by setting the ratio of feeding using the feeder described in the present embodiment to 10% or higher, 20% or higher, 30% or higher, or 50% or higher of the quantity of feed for the cephalopods. Cephalopods that maintain high growth and have good flesh quality can be developed by feeding them using the feeder described in the present embodiment for one month or more, two months or more, or three months or more. In addition, by performing the feeding using the feeder described in the present embodiment, it is possible for the cephalopods to learn what is inside the feeder is food, and quickly eat it.
- The timing of feeding cephalopods may be any time as long as the cephalopods can eat. When the feeding is performed in a 24-hour cycle, the internal clock and the digestion and absorption cycle in the cephalopods are linked, whereby stress is reduced and growth is promoted. When giving a light-dark cycle during raising cephalopods, by linking the light-dark cycle with the feeding timing, the internal clock of the cephalopods synchronized with the light-dark cycle and the digestive absorption cycle are linked, whereby stress is reduced and growth is promoted. Feeding cephalopods may be performed by planned feeding giving a predetermined amount, or by satiation in which feed consumption is observed while feeding, and feeding is kept as long as eating continues.
- The cephalopods raised by the feeder of the present invention can be used not only for human food applications including raw foods, processed foods, frozen foods, chilled foods, and dried foods, but also for a raw material for food, feed applications, ornamental applications, and as a raw material for extracting useful components. The cephalopods raised by the feeder of the present invention are excellent in growth and rich in proteins, so they have good taste, contain many components that contribute to health, and are excellent for food applications.
-
Feeders 12 to 17 according to modifications will be described with reference toFIGS. 1A to 1G . Thefeeder 12 illustrated inFIG. 1B is an example in which theouter shell 1 has a substantially square pillar shape. In addition, the outer edge ofconcave portion 3 is rectangular in a plan view, and the concave portion 1 a of theouter shell 1 is also substantially square pillar-shaped. The outer shape of thefeeder 13 illustrated inFIG. 1C formed of anouter shell 1 and afeed 2 is substantially a square pillar shape like thefeeder 12, but it can be said that the side wall is partially removed as compared with thefeeder 12. Theouter shell 1 of thefeeder 13 has a cylindrical shape with a part (one side) of which is open, and the inner side thereof is a concave portion 1 a, and afeed 2 is placed therein. As a result, thefeed 2 is exposed at theopening 2 a and theopenings opening 2 c is an end opposite to theopening 2 b). For this reason, cephalopods can easily eat the feed using theopenings 2 a to 2 c. - The
feeder 14 illustrated inFIG. 1D has a cup shape having a concave portion 1 a at the center similarly to thefeeder 11, but its depth is smaller than that of thefeeder 11. Therefore, a large exposed surface of thefeed 2 is secured, so that the cephalopods can easily eat thefeed 2. Thefeeder 15 illustrated inFIG. 1E has a semicircular arc shape in cross section, and afeed 2 is attached to the inside of the arc portion of anouter shell 1 extending in the depth direction in the figure. That is, the inside of the arc portion functions as a concave portion 1 a. In the case of thefeeder 15 having such a shape, the exposed surface of afeed 2 becomes large similarly to thefeeder 13, so that the cephalopods can easily intake thefeed 2. - In the
feeder 16 illustrated inFIG. 1F , anouter shell 1 has a substantially spherical shape, and a plurality of groove-shaped concave portions 1 a extending in the circumferential direction are formed around theouter shell 1, and afeed 2 is attached to the inside. An outer edge ofconcave portion 3 is formed between two adjacent grooves. Like thefeeder 16, a plurality of concave portions 1 a for accommodating thefeed 2 may be provided in oneouter shell 1. Even in the case of such a configuration, the exposed surface of thefeed 2 is large, so that the cephalopods can easily eat thefeed 2. In thefeeder 17 illustrated inFIG. 1G , a plurality of (six inFIG. 1G ) through holes 1 b are provided in a columnarouter shell 1, and afeed 2 is filled in each through hole 1 b. That is, the through hole 1 b functions as a concave portion for accommodating thefeed 2. Also in thefeeder 17, similarly to thefeeder 16, a plurality of concave portions for accommodating thefeed 2 are provided in oneouter shell 1. In order to hold thefeed 2, the through hole 1 b does not have to penetrate. In this manner, the shape of the feeder may be appropriately changed. Further, the shapes of the outer shell and the concave portion may be appropriately changed. Note that a feeder combining features of different feeders among thefeeders 11 to 17 may be used. - An embodiment of the present invention is described below in detail using examples. However, the present invention is not limited in any manner by these examples. Unless specified otherwise, “%” is indicated on a mass basis.
- (1) Raising of the Common Octopus
- A synthetic resin pipe having a length of 5 cm and an outer diameter of 20 mm was prepared as an outer shell. Minced fish meat was filled as a feed into a concave portion having an inner diameter of 18 mm of the pipe, thus producing a feeder according to Example 1. In this feeder, the
outer shell 1 is cylindrical, and a cylindrical region inside the pipe is a concave portion for accommodating the feed. - The feeder according to Example 1 was used for five of the common octopuses of about 200 g in a land tank; the common octopuses immediately held the feeder with their arms and started eating the feed. Thirty minutes later, the feed placed in the concave portion of the synthetic resin pipe was completely consumed. In addition, the type of feed was changed, and a feed prepared by mixing minced fish meat and minced shellfish meat, and a feed prepared by mixing minced fish meat with 20% gelatin were fed to the common octopuses in the same manner. In each case, the common octopuses immediately held the pipe as a feeder with their arms and started eating the feeds, and after 30 minutes, had completely eaten the feed placed in the concave portion of the synthetic resin pipe.
- As Comparative Example 1, a feed containing 20% gelatin mixed with minced fish meat was directly fed to the common octopuses without being placed in the outer shell. As a result, the common octopuses held the feed with their arms, but stopped eating the feeds on the way, and about 50% or greater of the feed remained in the tank. In addition, the remaining feeds broken up in the water, so that the water quality deteriorated and the broken feeds were not eaten.
- The type of feed was changed, and a feed containing from 1 to 5% salt in minced fish meat and a feed containing 5% starch in minced fish meat were prepared, and fed to the common octopus as they were without being placed in the outer shell. As a result, in each case, the common octopuses held the feeds with their arms, but stopped eating the feeds on the way, and about 50% or greater of the feeds remained in the tank. The remaining feeds broken up in the water, so that the water quality deteriorated and the broken feeds were not eaten. In addition, the breaking up of the feed was also observed during feed eating by the common octopuses, and the water quality deteriorated even in the rare case where the feeds were completely eaten. When these feeds were given for three days or more, in some cases, no feed was eaten, and stagnation of growth was observed.
- In Example 1, only the minced fish meat was used as feed, but the minced fish meat was weakly formed and could not be fed directly to the common octopuses.
- (2) Evaluation of Raising Performance
- The common octopuses cultured with the feeds used in Example 1 showed a strong appetite continuously for three months or more. As for the raising results, the survival rate was 100%, and the body weight of each octopus increased five times or more. All of the octopuses had less damage to their arms and body surface, and when provided for human consumption, had a rich taste and a strong umami. In the common octopuses cultured with the feeds used in Comparative Example 1, damage to their arms and body surface were observed.
- As described above, according to the present invention, feed intake by cephalopods can be improved. Further, according to the present invention, deterioration of the raising environment for cephalopods can be prevented. Further, according to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a cephalopod having a good taste and a large amount of components contributing to health.
-
- 1 Outer shell
- 1 a Concave portion
- 1 b Through hole
- 2 Feed
- 3 Outer edge of concave portion
- 11 to 17 Feeder
Claims (16)
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JP2018025412 | 2018-02-15 | ||
PCT/JP2019/005683 WO2019160111A1 (en) | 2018-02-15 | 2019-02-15 | Feeding apparatus for cephalopods, feeding method, and cephalopods |
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US16/992,774 Pending US20200383301A1 (en) | 2018-02-15 | 2020-08-13 | Cephalopod feeder, feeding method, and cephalopod |
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JP7207377B2 (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2023-01-18 | 株式会社羽根 | Water flow shield for feeding in aquaculture tank, and feeding method in aquaculture tank |
ES2983590A1 (en) * | 2023-03-20 | 2024-10-23 | Entenza Andres Moares | FISHING BAIT |
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US20060008559A1 (en) * | 2004-07-09 | 2006-01-12 | Hillios Sonia R | Underwater Food Delivery System and Method of Use |
RU2567668C2 (en) * | 2009-05-26 | 2015-11-10 | Эдванст Бионутришн Корпорейшн | Stable dry powder composition containing biologically active microorganisms and/or biologically active materials and method of its production |
WO2016177937A1 (en) * | 2015-05-06 | 2016-11-10 | Betulium Oy | Feed composition |
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JPS58190335A (en) * | 1982-04-30 | 1983-11-07 | 酒伊繊維工業株式会社 | Fish bank used in breeding and growing fish and shellfish |
JPH01149949U (en) * | 1988-04-04 | 1989-10-17 | ||
JP3618309B2 (en) * | 2001-08-03 | 2005-02-09 | 邦幸 堀 | Throw fishing rod feeder |
JP2005211075A (en) * | 2005-03-08 | 2005-08-11 | Ichibansha:Kk | Method for treating live cuttlefish, device for treating live cuttlefish and squid ink-discharged live cuttlefish |
KR100954864B1 (en) * | 2009-07-10 | 2010-04-28 | 대봉엘에스 주식회사 | Pellet feed with excellent dissolution and digestibility for raising fish and its manufacturing process |
KR101196469B1 (en) * | 2010-04-26 | 2012-11-01 | 정병재 | Culture equipment for mollusk |
JP2015208322A (en) * | 2014-04-25 | 2015-11-24 | 義孝 箕本 | Simple chum basket and chum insertion device |
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2019
- 2019-02-15 US US16/969,804 patent/US20210000086A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2019-02-15 EP EP19754669.0A patent/EP3753402A4/en active Pending
- 2019-02-15 MX MX2020008480A patent/MX2020008480A/en unknown
- 2019-02-15 JP JP2019563647A patent/JP6674074B2/en active Active
- 2019-02-15 WO PCT/JP2019/005683 patent/WO2019160111A1/en unknown
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2022
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RU2567668C2 (en) * | 2009-05-26 | 2015-11-10 | Эдванст Бионутришн Корпорейшн | Stable dry powder composition containing biologically active microorganisms and/or biologically active materials and method of its production |
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JP6674074B2 (en) | 2020-04-01 |
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JP2023022229A (en) | 2023-02-14 |
CN111683525A (en) | 2020-09-18 |
KR20200119265A (en) | 2020-10-19 |
EP3753402A4 (en) | 2021-11-10 |
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