US20200376620A1 - Motor control device and industrial machine for suppressing vibration - Google Patents
Motor control device and industrial machine for suppressing vibration Download PDFInfo
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- US20200376620A1 US20200376620A1 US16/884,483 US202016884483A US2020376620A1 US 20200376620 A1 US20200376620 A1 US 20200376620A1 US 202016884483 A US202016884483 A US 202016884483A US 2020376620 A1 US2020376620 A1 US 2020376620A1
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- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/12—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring vibration
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P23/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by a control method other than vector control
- H02P23/14—Estimation or adaptation of motor parameters, e.g. rotor time constant, flux, speed, current or voltage
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
- G05B19/404—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by control arrangements for compensation, e.g. for backlash, overshoot, tool offset, tool wear, temperature, machine construction errors, load, inertia
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
- B23Q11/0032—Arrangements for preventing or isolating vibrations in parts of the machine
- B23Q11/0039—Arrangements for preventing or isolating vibrations in parts of the machine by changing the natural frequency of the system or by continuously changing the frequency of the force which causes the vibration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/09—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool
- B23Q17/0952—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool during machining
- B23Q17/0961—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool during machining by measuring power, current or torque of a motor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q5/00—Driving or feeding mechanisms; Control arrangements therefor
- B23Q5/02—Driving main working members
- B23Q5/04—Driving main working members rotary shafts, e.g. working-spindles
- B23Q5/10—Driving main working members rotary shafts, e.g. working-spindles driven essentially by electrical means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P23/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by a control method other than vector control
- H02P23/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by a control method other than vector control specially adapted for damping motor oscillations, e.g. for reducing hunting
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/41—Servomotor, servo controller till figures
- G05B2219/41122—Mechanical vibrations in servo, antihunt also safety, stray pulses, jitter
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/41—Servomotor, servo controller till figures
- G05B2219/41166—Adaptive filter frequency as function of oscillation, rigidity, inertia load
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/41—Servomotor, servo controller till figures
- G05B2219/41233—Feedforward simulation filter, with model
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/41—Servomotor, servo controller till figures
- G05B2219/41427—Feedforward of position
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/42—Servomotor, servo controller kind till VSS
- G05B2219/42054—Loop, p control for position loop
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B5/00—Anti-hunting arrangements
- G05B5/01—Anti-hunting arrangements electric
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a motor control device and an industrial machine, and more particularly to a motor control device and an industrial machine for suppressing vibration.
- JP 2009-15448 A discloses a motor control device of a semi-closed control system for performing feedback control of a position and speed of a motor, which includes a band stop filter that detects the natural frequency of the control object and removes components of the detected natural frequency.
- JP 2016-163397 A discloses a motor control device of a fully-closed control system for performing feedback control of a position of a machine, in which a position control section is provided with a filter for approximating a reverse characteristic of a transfer characteristic from a motor to the machine.
- JP 2019-9958 A discloses a motor control device of a semi-closed control system for performing feedback control of a speed of a motor, in which a speed control section is provided with a filter for approximating a reverse characteristic of a transfer characteristic from the motor to a machine.
- a change of the vibration suppression function with respect to a change of the vibration characteristic is likely to be delayed, and the component other than the target vibration component is also likely to be removed, so that the motor control may become unstable.
- a motor control device including: a position command section configured to generate a position command for a control object; a position detecting section configured to detect a position of the control object or a position of a motor configured to drive the control object; and a position control section configured to control a position of the motor based on the generated position command and the detected position of the control object or the position of the motor, in which at least one of the position command section and the position control section includes a vibration suppression filter configured to approximate a reverse characteristic of a vibration characteristic generated between the motor and the control object, and the vibration suppression filter changes a vibration suppression frequency according to at least one of the position and a mass of the control object.
- Another aspect of the present disclosure provides an industrial machine including a motor, an own shaft driven by the motor, a control object movable by the own shaft, and the motor control device described above.
- Another aspect of the present disclosure provides an industrial machine including a motor, an own shaft driven by the motor, another shaft driven by a motor different from the motor, a control object movable by at least one of the own shaft and the other shaft, and the motor control device described above.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a motor control device of a semi-closed control system according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of a motor control device of a fully-closed control system according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 3A is an explanatory diagram illustrating a torsional vibration characteristic of a ball screw.
- FIG. 3B is an explanatory diagram illustrating a torsional vibration characteristic of a ball screw.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a plate spring vibration characteristic of a ball screw.
- FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram of an industrial machine with its own shaft driven by a motor.
- FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram of an industrial machine with another shaft driven by a motor different from the aforementioned motor.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a configuration of a motor control device 1 of a semi-closed control system.
- the motor control device 1 includes a position command section 10 that generates a position command for the control object 3 , a position control section 11 that controls a position of a motor 2 based on the generated position command and the detected position of the motor 2 , and a position detecting section 13 directly attached to the motor.
- the position detecting section 13 includes a rotational displacement sensor such as an encoder, a resolver, and a Hall sensor.
- a control object 3 includes, for example, a table, a main spindle head, a conveyor or the like of an industrial machine such as a machine tool and a transport machine.
- the motor control device 1 may further include a servo control section 12 that performs speed control and torque control.
- the position control section 11 may also have the function of the servo control section 12 . In the latter case, the position control section 11 may directly output the torque command to the motor 2 .
- the position command section 10 , the position control section 11 , and the servo control section 12 may include a processor such as a central processing unit (CPU) and a field-programmable gate array (FPGA).
- the position control section 11 includes a vibration suppression filter 20 a , a position FF controller 21 , a subtractor 22 , a position FB controller 23 , and an adder 24 .
- the vibration suppression filter 20 a is provided with a filter that approximates a reverse characteristic of a vibration characteristic generated between the motor 2 and the control object 3 . Since the motor control device 1 is a semi-closed control system, the vibration suppression filter 20 a compensates for a vibration characteristic that occurs outside the position FB loop (i.e., between the motor 2 and the control object 3 ). Thus, the vibration suppression filter 20 a may be a position command filter that is provided outside the position FB loop and corrects the position command. Furthermore, the vibration suppression filter 20 a may be provided in the position command section 10 , rather than provided in the position control section 11 .
- the position FF controller 21 differentiates the position command to generate a first speed command.
- the subtractor 22 subtracts the detected motor position from the position command to generate a position deviation.
- the position FB controller 23 multiplies the position deviation by the position FB gain to generate a second speed command.
- the adder 24 adds the first speed command and the second speed command to generate a motor speed command.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a configuration of a motor control device 1 of a fully-closed control system.
- the motor control device 1 differs from the one described above in that the motor control device 1 includes a position detecting section 13 attached to an industrial machine.
- the position detecting section 13 includes a linear displacement sensor such as a strain gauge, and a laser displacement sensor.
- the position control section 11 controls the position of the motor 2 based on the position command generated by the position command section 10 , and based on the detected position of the control object 3 .
- a vibration suppression filter 20 b compensates for a vibration characteristic that occurs inside the position FB loop (specifically between the motor 2 and the control object 3 ).
- the vibration suppression filter 20 b may be a position FB filter provided inside the position FB loop.
- the vibration suppression filter 20 b may be a second speed command filter, which is provided downstream from the position FB controller 23 and corrects the second speed command, but may be a motor speed command filter, which is provided immediately after the adder 24 and corrects the motor speed command.
- the vibration suppression filter 20 b may be a position deviation filter, which is provided upstream from the position FB controller 23 and corrects the position deviation.
- the position control section 11 may include a vibration suppression filter 20 c outside the position FB loop.
- the vibration suppression filter 20 c may be a position FF filter provided outside the position FB loop.
- the vibration suppression filter 20 c may be a first speed command filter, which is provided downstream from the position FF controller 21 and corrects the first speed command, but may be a position command filter, which is provided upstream from the position FF controller 21 and corrects the position command.
- the vibration suppression filters 20 a to 20 c described above are each provided with a filter F (s) that approximates a reverse characteristic (equation 2) of a vibration characteristic (equation 1) generated between the motor 2 and the control object 3 .
- ⁇ 0 is an anti-resonance frequency (i.e., a vibration suppression frequency)
- ⁇ is a vibration damping coefficient
- s is a Laplacian operator.
- the numerator polynomial is important, and the denominator polynomial may be an appropriate low-pass filter.
- the low-pass filter can include a primary low-pass filter, a secondary low-pass filter, or the like.
- the primary low-pass filter is an ideal type, and can be described, for example, by the following equation.
- ⁇ adj is an adjustable parameter for a specific anti-resonance frequency.
- the secondary low-pass filter is a mounting type and can be described, for example, by the following equation.
- the secondary low-pass filter is suitable for suppressing only targeted vibration components.
- the anti-resonance frequency ⁇ 0 (i.e., the vibration suppression frequency) in these vibration suppression filters F (s) changes in accordance with a physical change of the control object 3 (i.e., a change in at least one of the position and the mass). Accordingly, in the vibration suppression filters 20 a to 20 c of the present example, the vibration suppression frequency is changed in accordance with at least one of the position and the mass of the control object 3 , as described below.
- an industrial machine transmits power to the control object 3 via a power transmission element such as a shaft, a gear, a belt, a chain, a cam, and a link.
- a power transmission element such as a shaft, a gear, a belt, a chain, a cam, and a link.
- the vibration frequency of the control object 3 can be described by the torsional vibration characteristic, the plate spring vibration characteristic, of the power transmission element, and combinations thereof, or the like.
- the torsional vibration characteristic of a ball screw 31 will be described with reference to FIGS. 3A and 3B .
- the control object 3 as a table moves on the ball screw 31
- the ball screw 31 is supported by a support element 32 in a cantilever manner, and the ball screw 31 generates a torsional vibration V 1 .
- the spring constant k 1 of the ball screw 31 is represented by the equation below:
- the spring constant k 1 changes depending on the length L, of the ball screw, equivalent to the position of the control object 3 .
- the angular frequency ⁇ 1 i.e., the vibration frequency
- J L is an inertia of the control object 3 .
- the angular frequency ⁇ 1 of the control object 3 changes according to the inertia J L equivalent to a mass M of the control object 3 .
- the inertia J L of the control object 3 can be converted into the mass M of the control object 3 by the following equation.
- the plate spring vibration characteristic of the ball screw 31 will be described with reference to FIG. 4 .
- the control object 3 is at the tip of the ball screw 31
- the ball screw 31 is supported by the support element 32 in a cantilever manner, and the ball screw 31 generates a plate spring vibration V 2 .
- a spring constant k 2 of the ball screw 31 is represented by the equation below:
- the spring constant k 2 changes depending on the length L, of the ball screw 31 , equivalent to the position of the control object 3 .
- the angular frequency ⁇ 2 i.e., the vibration frequency
- M is the mass of the control object 3 .
- the position of the control object 3 (i.e., the ball screw length L) may be input from the position detecting section 13 to the vibration suppression filters 20 a to 20 c as indicated by the dashed arrow, or may be input from the position command section 10 to the vibration suppression filters 20 a to 20 c .
- the mass M of the control object 3 may be input in advance to the motor control device 1 by an operator, or may be estimated from the relationship between a torque and an acceleration of the control object 3 or the motor 2 by operating (e.g., vibrating) the motor 2 minutely.
- FIG. 5 illustrates an industrial machine 30 provided with its own shaft 31 driven by the motor 2 .
- the industrial machine 30 includes the motor 2 , the own shaft 31 driven by the motor 2 , the control object 3 movable by the own shaft 31 , and the motor control device 1 that controls the motor 2 .
- the motor 2 is, for example, a servo motor
- the own shaft 31 is, for example, an X-axis ball screw that defines the X-axis direction
- the control object 3 is, for example, a table.
- the own shaft 31 is supported by the support element 32 in a cantilever manner, but may be supported by both ends.
- the motor control device 1 includes the vibration suppression filters 20 a to 20 c illustrated in FIG. 1 or FIG. 2 according to the fully-closed control system or the semi-closed control system.
- the own shaft 31 generates a torsional vibration V 1 , and the torsional vibration characteristic changes according to a position Lx of the control object 3 in the X-axis direction. Therefore, the vibration suppression filters 20 a to 20 c obtain the angular frequency ⁇ 1 of the torsional vibration V 1 from the equation 6 based on the position Lx of the control object 3 on the own shaft 31 , and changes the vibration suppression frequency ⁇ 0 of F (s) approximating the reverse characteristic of the torsional vibration characteristic based on the obtained angular frequency ⁇ 1 . Then, the vibration suppression filters 20 a to 20 c output the changed F (s).
- FIG. 6 illustrates an industrial machine 30 also provided with another shaft 33 driven by a motor 4 different from the motor 2 .
- the industrial machine 30 includes a motor 2 , an own shaft 31 , another shaft 33 , a control object 3 movable by at least one of the own shaft 31 and the other shaft 33 , and a motor control device 1 that controls the motor 2 and the motor 4 .
- the own shaft 31 is, for example, a Y-axis ball screw that defines the Y-axis direction
- the other shaft 33 is, for example, a Z-axis ball screw that defines the Z-axis direction
- the control object 3 is, for example, a main spindle head.
- the own shaft 31 is supported in a cantilever manner by the support element 32 , but may be supported by both ends, and the other shaft 33 is supported in a cantilever manner.
- the motor control device 1 includes the vibration suppression filters 20 a to 20 c illustrated in FIG. 1 or FIG. 2 according to the fully-closed control system or the semi-closed control system.
- the own shaft 31 generates a torsional vibration V 1 , and the torsional vibration characteristic changes according to a position Ly of the control object 3 in the Y-axis direction.
- the other shaft 33 generates a plate spring vibration V 2 , and the plate spring vibration characteristic changes according to a position Lz of the control object 3 in the Z-axis direction.
- the vibration suppression filters 20 a to 20 c obtain the angular frequency ⁇ 1 of the torsional vibration V 1 from equation 6 in accordance with the position Ly of the control object 3 on the own shaft 31 , and change the vibration suppression frequency ⁇ 0 of F 1 (s) approximating the reverse characteristic of the torsional vibration characteristic based on the obtained angular frequency ⁇ 1 .
- the vibration suppression filters 20 a to 20 c obtain the angular frequency ⁇ 2 of the plate spring vibration V 2 from equation 9 according to the position Lz of the control object 3 on the other shaft 33 , and change the vibration suppression frequency ⁇ 0 of F 2 (s) approximating the reverse characteristic of the plate spring vibration characteristic based on the obtained angular frequency ⁇ 2 .
- the vibration suppression filters 20 a to 20 c output F 1 (s) ⁇ F 2 (s) after the change.
- the vibration suppression filters 20 a to 20 c are changed in accordance with the physical change of the control object 3 (i.e., change in at least one of the position and the mass of the control object), so that the vibration suppression filter 20 a to 20 c can be adapted to a change in the vibration characteristic more quickly and more accurately.
- the program executed by the above-described processor may be provided by being recorded on a non-transitory recording medium readable by a computer, such as a CD-ROM.
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Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to a motor control device and an industrial machine, and more particularly to a motor control device and an industrial machine for suppressing vibration.
- When a workpiece is machined using a machine tool that generates low frequency vibration, for example, vibration in a frequency band of 100 Hz or less, it has been a problem that stripes are formed on the workpiece in response to the vibration. The following documents are known as techniques for suppressing such low frequency vibrations.
- JP 2009-15448 A discloses a motor control device of a semi-closed control system for performing feedback control of a position and speed of a motor, which includes a band stop filter that detects the natural frequency of the control object and removes components of the detected natural frequency.
- JP 2016-163397 A discloses a motor control device of a fully-closed control system for performing feedback control of a position of a machine, in which a position control section is provided with a filter for approximating a reverse characteristic of a transfer characteristic from a motor to the machine.
- JP 2019-9958 A discloses a motor control device of a semi-closed control system for performing feedback control of a speed of a motor, in which a speed control section is provided with a filter for approximating a reverse characteristic of a transfer characteristic from the motor to a machine.
- In the method of removing only a specific vibration component by detecting a natural frequency of a machine, a change of the vibration suppression function with respect to a change of the vibration characteristic is likely to be delayed, and the component other than the target vibration component is also likely to be removed, so that the motor control may become unstable.
- Therefore, there is a need for a technique for more quickly and more accurately adapting a vibration suppression function to a change in a vibration characteristic.
- One aspect of the present disclosure provides a motor control device including: a position command section configured to generate a position command for a control object; a position detecting section configured to detect a position of the control object or a position of a motor configured to drive the control object; and a position control section configured to control a position of the motor based on the generated position command and the detected position of the control object or the position of the motor, in which at least one of the position command section and the position control section includes a vibration suppression filter configured to approximate a reverse characteristic of a vibration characteristic generated between the motor and the control object, and the vibration suppression filter changes a vibration suppression frequency according to at least one of the position and a mass of the control object.
- Another aspect of the present disclosure provides an industrial machine including a motor, an own shaft driven by the motor, a control object movable by the own shaft, and the motor control device described above.
- Another aspect of the present disclosure provides an industrial machine including a motor, an own shaft driven by the motor, another shaft driven by a motor different from the motor, a control object movable by at least one of the own shaft and the other shaft, and the motor control device described above.
-
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a motor control device of a semi-closed control system according to one embodiment. -
FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of a motor control device of a fully-closed control system according to one embodiment. -
FIG. 3A is an explanatory diagram illustrating a torsional vibration characteristic of a ball screw. -
FIG. 3B is an explanatory diagram illustrating a torsional vibration characteristic of a ball screw. -
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a plate spring vibration characteristic of a ball screw. -
FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram of an industrial machine with its own shaft driven by a motor. -
FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram of an industrial machine with another shaft driven by a motor different from the aforementioned motor. - Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In each drawing, the same or similar components are denoted by the same or similar reference numerals. Additionally, the embodiments described below are not intended to limit the technical scope of the invention or the meaning of terms set forth in the claims. Note that “feedforward” is referred to herein as “FF” and “feedback” is referred to as “FB”.
-
FIG. 1 illustrates a configuration of amotor control device 1 of a semi-closed control system. Themotor control device 1 includes aposition command section 10 that generates a position command for thecontrol object 3, aposition control section 11 that controls a position of amotor 2 based on the generated position command and the detected position of themotor 2, and aposition detecting section 13 directly attached to the motor. Theposition detecting section 13 includes a rotational displacement sensor such as an encoder, a resolver, and a Hall sensor. Acontrol object 3 includes, for example, a table, a main spindle head, a conveyor or the like of an industrial machine such as a machine tool and a transport machine. - The
motor control device 1 may further include aservo control section 12 that performs speed control and torque control. However, theposition control section 11 may also have the function of theservo control section 12. In the latter case, theposition control section 11 may directly output the torque command to themotor 2. In addition, theposition command section 10, theposition control section 11, and theservo control section 12 may include a processor such as a central processing unit (CPU) and a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). Theposition control section 11 includes avibration suppression filter 20 a, aposition FF controller 21, asubtractor 22, aposition FB controller 23, and anadder 24. - The
vibration suppression filter 20 a is provided with a filter that approximates a reverse characteristic of a vibration characteristic generated between themotor 2 and thecontrol object 3. Since themotor control device 1 is a semi-closed control system, thevibration suppression filter 20 a compensates for a vibration characteristic that occurs outside the position FB loop (i.e., between themotor 2 and the control object 3). Thus, thevibration suppression filter 20 a may be a position command filter that is provided outside the position FB loop and corrects the position command. Furthermore, thevibration suppression filter 20 a may be provided in theposition command section 10, rather than provided in theposition control section 11. - The
position FF controller 21 differentiates the position command to generate a first speed command. Thesubtractor 22 subtracts the detected motor position from the position command to generate a position deviation. Theposition FB controller 23 multiplies the position deviation by the position FB gain to generate a second speed command. Theadder 24 adds the first speed command and the second speed command to generate a motor speed command. -
FIG. 2 illustrates a configuration of amotor control device 1 of a fully-closed control system. Themotor control device 1 differs from the one described above in that themotor control device 1 includes aposition detecting section 13 attached to an industrial machine. Theposition detecting section 13 includes a linear displacement sensor such as a strain gauge, and a laser displacement sensor. Theposition control section 11 controls the position of themotor 2 based on the position command generated by theposition command section 10, and based on the detected position of thecontrol object 3. - Since the
motor control device 1 is a fully-closed control system, avibration suppression filter 20 b compensates for a vibration characteristic that occurs inside the position FB loop (specifically between themotor 2 and the control object 3). Thus, thevibration suppression filter 20 b may be a position FB filter provided inside the position FB loop. Thevibration suppression filter 20 b may be a second speed command filter, which is provided downstream from theposition FB controller 23 and corrects the second speed command, but may be a motor speed command filter, which is provided immediately after theadder 24 and corrects the motor speed command. Furthermore, thevibration suppression filter 20 b may be a position deviation filter, which is provided upstream from theposition FB controller 23 and corrects the position deviation. - In addition to or instead of the
vibration suppression filter 20 b, theposition control section 11 may include avibration suppression filter 20 c outside the position FB loop. Thevibration suppression filter 20 c may be a position FF filter provided outside the position FB loop. Thevibration suppression filter 20 c may be a first speed command filter, which is provided downstream from theposition FF controller 21 and corrects the first speed command, but may be a position command filter, which is provided upstream from theposition FF controller 21 and corrects the position command. By providing thevibration suppression filter 20 c outside the position FB loop, the frequency component for generating vibration in the 1st speed command can be reduced, and the control object can be moved without vibration. - The vibration suppression filters 20 a to 20 c described above are each provided with a filter F (s) that approximates a reverse characteristic (equation 2) of a vibration characteristic (equation 1) generated between the
motor 2 and thecontrol object 3. In these equations, ω0 is an anti-resonance frequency (i.e., a vibration suppression frequency), ζ is a vibration damping coefficient, and s is a Laplacian operator. -
- In the vibration suppression filter F (s) illustrated in
equation 2, the numerator polynomial is important, and the denominator polynomial may be an appropriate low-pass filter. The low-pass filter can include a primary low-pass filter, a secondary low-pass filter, or the like. The primary low-pass filter is an ideal type, and can be described, for example, by the following equation. In the following equation, ωadj is an adjustable parameter for a specific anti-resonance frequency. -
- The secondary low-pass filter is a mounting type and can be described, for example, by the following equation. The secondary low-pass filter is suitable for suppressing only targeted vibration components.
-
- The anti-resonance frequency ω0 (i.e., the vibration suppression frequency) in these vibration suppression filters F (s) changes in accordance with a physical change of the control object 3 (i.e., a change in at least one of the position and the mass). Accordingly, in the vibration suppression filters 20 a to 20 c of the present example, the vibration suppression frequency is changed in accordance with at least one of the position and the mass of the
control object 3, as described below. - In general, an industrial machine transmits power to the
control object 3 via a power transmission element such as a shaft, a gear, a belt, a chain, a cam, and a link. Accordingly, the vibration frequency of thecontrol object 3 can be described by the torsional vibration characteristic, the plate spring vibration characteristic, of the power transmission element, and combinations thereof, or the like. - As an example of the torsional vibration characteristic, the torsional vibration characteristic of a
ball screw 31 will be described with reference toFIGS. 3A and 3B . In this example, it is assumed that thecontrol object 3 as a table moves on theball screw 31, theball screw 31 is supported by asupport element 32 in a cantilever manner, and theball screw 31 generates a torsional vibration V1. When theball screw 31 has a length L, a diameter d, and a transverse elastic modulus G, and its mass can be ignored, the spring constant k1 of theball screw 31 is represented by the equation below: -
- As can be seen from this equation, the spring constant k1 changes depending on the length L, of the ball screw, equivalent to the position of the
control object 3. As the position of thecontrol object 3 changes as illustrated inFIG. 3B and the spring constant k1 changes, the angular frequency ω1 (i.e., the vibration frequency) of thecontrol object 3 also changes as in the following equation. In the following equation, JL is an inertia of thecontrol object 3. -
ω1=√{square root over (k 1 /J L)} Equation 6 - According to this equation, it is also understood that the angular frequency ω1 of the
control object 3 changes according to the inertia JL equivalent to a mass M of thecontrol object 3. When thecontrol object 3 has the mass M and is driven by theball screw 31 with the pitch p [m], the inertia JL of thecontrol object 3 can be converted into the mass M of thecontrol object 3 by the following equation. -
- Further, as an example of the plate spring vibration characteristic, the plate spring vibration characteristic of the
ball screw 31 will be described with reference toFIG. 4 . In this example, it is assumed that thecontrol object 3 is at the tip of theball screw 31, theball screw 31 is supported by thesupport element 32 in a cantilever manner, and theball screw 31 generates a plate spring vibration V2. When theball screw 31 has a length L, a diameter d, and a Young's modulus E, and its mass can be ignored, a spring constant k2 of theball screw 31 is represented by the equation below: -
- As can be seen from this equation, the spring constant k2 changes depending on the length L, of the
ball screw 31, equivalent to the position of thecontrol object 3. As the position of thecontrol object 3 changes and the spring constant k2 changes, the angular frequency ω2 (i.e., the vibration frequency) of thecontrol object 3 also changes as in the following equation: In the following equation, M is the mass of thecontrol object 3. -
ω2=√{square root over (k 2 /M)} Equation 9 - According to this equation, it is also understood that the angular frequency ω2 of the
control object 3 changes according to the mass M of thecontrol object 3. - Referring again to
FIG. 1 andFIG. 2 , the position of the control object 3 (i.e., the ball screw length L) may be input from theposition detecting section 13 to the vibration suppression filters 20 a to 20 c as indicated by the dashed arrow, or may be input from theposition command section 10 to the vibration suppression filters 20 a to 20 c. On the other hand, the mass M of thecontrol object 3 may be input in advance to themotor control device 1 by an operator, or may be estimated from the relationship between a torque and an acceleration of thecontrol object 3 or themotor 2 by operating (e.g., vibrating) themotor 2 minutely. -
FIG. 5 illustrates anindustrial machine 30 provided with itsown shaft 31 driven by themotor 2. Theindustrial machine 30 includes themotor 2, theown shaft 31 driven by themotor 2, thecontrol object 3 movable by theown shaft 31, and themotor control device 1 that controls themotor 2. Themotor 2 is, for example, a servo motor, theown shaft 31 is, for example, an X-axis ball screw that defines the X-axis direction, and thecontrol object 3 is, for example, a table. Theown shaft 31 is supported by thesupport element 32 in a cantilever manner, but may be supported by both ends. - The
motor control device 1 includes the vibration suppression filters 20 a to 20 c illustrated inFIG. 1 orFIG. 2 according to the fully-closed control system or the semi-closed control system. Theown shaft 31 generates a torsional vibration V1, and the torsional vibration characteristic changes according to a position Lx of thecontrol object 3 in the X-axis direction. Therefore, the vibration suppression filters 20 a to 20 c obtain the angular frequency ω1 of the torsional vibration V1 from the equation 6 based on the position Lx of thecontrol object 3 on theown shaft 31, and changes the vibration suppression frequency ω0 of F (s) approximating the reverse characteristic of the torsional vibration characteristic based on the obtained angular frequency ω1. Then, the vibration suppression filters 20 a to 20 c output the changed F (s). -
FIG. 6 illustrates anindustrial machine 30 also provided with anothershaft 33 driven by amotor 4 different from themotor 2. Theindustrial machine 30 includes amotor 2, anown shaft 31, anothershaft 33, acontrol object 3 movable by at least one of theown shaft 31 and theother shaft 33, and amotor control device 1 that controls themotor 2 and themotor 4. Theown shaft 31 is, for example, a Y-axis ball screw that defines the Y-axis direction, theother shaft 33 is, for example, a Z-axis ball screw that defines the Z-axis direction, and thecontrol object 3 is, for example, a main spindle head. Theown shaft 31 is supported in a cantilever manner by thesupport element 32, but may be supported by both ends, and theother shaft 33 is supported in a cantilever manner. - The
motor control device 1 includes the vibration suppression filters 20 a to 20 c illustrated inFIG. 1 orFIG. 2 according to the fully-closed control system or the semi-closed control system. Theown shaft 31 generates a torsional vibration V1, and the torsional vibration characteristic changes according to a position Ly of thecontrol object 3 in the Y-axis direction. Theother shaft 33 generates a plate spring vibration V2, and the plate spring vibration characteristic changes according to a position Lz of thecontrol object 3 in the Z-axis direction. The vibration suppression filters 20 a to 20 c obtain the angular frequency ω1 of the torsional vibration V1 from equation 6 in accordance with the position Ly of thecontrol object 3 on theown shaft 31, and change the vibration suppression frequency ω0 of F1 (s) approximating the reverse characteristic of the torsional vibration characteristic based on the obtained angular frequency ω1. Moreover, the vibration suppression filters 20 a to 20 c obtain the angular frequency ω2 of the plate spring vibration V2 from equation 9 according to the position Lz of thecontrol object 3 on theother shaft 33, and change the vibration suppression frequency ω0 of F2 (s) approximating the reverse characteristic of the plate spring vibration characteristic based on the obtained angular frequency ω2. Then, the vibration suppression filters 20 a to 20 c output F1 (s)×F2 (s) after the change. - According to the above-described embodiment, the vibration suppression filters 20 a to 20 c are changed in accordance with the physical change of the control object 3 (i.e., change in at least one of the position and the mass of the control object), so that the
vibration suppression filter 20 a to 20 c can be adapted to a change in the vibration characteristic more quickly and more accurately. - Further, the program executed by the above-described processor may be provided by being recorded on a non-transitory recording medium readable by a computer, such as a CD-ROM.
- Although various embodiments have been described herein, it should be recognized that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments and various changes can be made within the scope described in the following claims.
Claims (11)
ω1=√{square root over (k 1 /J L)}
ω2=√{square root over (k 2 /M)}
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