US20180245500A1 - Device for post-treatment of waste gas - Google Patents
Device for post-treatment of waste gas Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20180245500A1 US20180245500A1 US15/965,338 US201815965338A US2018245500A1 US 20180245500 A1 US20180245500 A1 US 20180245500A1 US 201815965338 A US201815965338 A US 201815965338A US 2018245500 A1 US2018245500 A1 US 2018245500A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- pressure sensor
- injection device
- exhaust
- pressure
- housing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/008—Mounting or arrangement of exhaust sensors in or on exhaust apparatus
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/36—Arrangements for supply of additional fuel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2550/00—Monitoring or diagnosing the deterioration of exhaust systems
- F01N2550/05—Systems for adding substances into exhaust
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/08—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a pressure sensor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/01—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being catalytic material in liquid form
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
- F01N2610/1453—Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
- F01N2610/148—Arrangement of sensors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/18—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the system for adding a substance into the exhaust
- F01N2900/1806—Properties of reducing agent or dosing system
- F01N2900/1808—Pressure
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for exhaust-gas aftertreatment, including a delivery device for delivering a liquid additive out of a tank, a pressure sensor, an exhaust line, a delivery line leading from the delivery device to the exhaust line, and an injection device for introducing the delivered additive into the exhaust line.
- the additive For optimum exhaust-gas aftertreatment, it is known for the additive to be injected in as accurately dosed a manner as possible into the exhaust line.
- the quantity to be injected is dependent on various parameters. Aside from the quantity, the pressure with which the additive is injected is also crucial, because the spray pattern of the additive injected into the exhaust line, and thus the distribution and mixing of the additive over the cross section of the exhaust line, are determined by means of the pressure.
- a pressure sensor is used to monitor the pressure.
- the pressure sensor it is known for the pressure sensor to be arranged on the delivery device or to be integrated into a module that includes the delivery device. It is a disadvantage here that, during operation, the delivery device generates pressure pulses that are detected by the pressure sensor.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of providing a device for exhaust-gas aftertreatment which detects the pressure prevailing at the injection device as accurately as possible, wherein it is the intention for disturbing influences to be as far as possible reduced or eliminated.
- the object is achieved in that the pressure sensor is arranged on the injection device.
- the pressure is measured in the immediate vicinity of the point that is crucial for an optimum injection of the liquid additive.
- the pressure sensor is connected hydraulically rigidly to the injection device. Disturbing pressure pulses of the delivery device are eliminated by means of the great spatial separation thus realized. This is made possible in particular by means of the delivery line and the fluid column present therein, because damping is realized owing to the fluid characteristics.
- This effect that has hitherto had an adverse effect on the pressure measurement, is now utilized in an advantageous manner owing to the new arrangement of the pressure sensor. It is thus made possible for the pressure pulses at the injector to be determined.
- the construction of the delivery module including the delivery device is also simplified.
- the structural space is likewise reduced, whereby the utilizable volume of a tank for the liquid additive is increased, if the delivery module is arranged in the tank.
- the most significant advantage however consists in the fact that, owing to the arrangement and the determination of the pressure pulses at the injection device that is thus made possible, diagnosis of the injection device is also made possible, for example in order to be able to monitor every injection process. Since these deviations detected by the pressure sensor are often only small, it is made possible for the first time by means of the arrangement according to the invention to utilize these deviations for diagnostic purposes.
- the pressure characteristics of a fault-free injection device are determined in advance. If, during the operation of the device for exhaust-gas aftertreatment according to the invention, deviations in the pressure characteristics arise which go beyond tolerances to be defined, this may indicate impairments of the injection device. Such impairments may be deposits at the injection point via which the additive is injected into the exhaust line.
- the arrangement of the pressure sensor on the housing of the injection device is achieved with little outlay.
- the housings of existing injection devices may thereby continue to be utilized, because the modifications are very small.
- the housing of the injection device has an opening into which the pressure sensor is inserted.
- the pressure sensor is flange-mounted on the housing of the injection device, and a pressure connection to the pressure sensor exists via an opening in the housing.
- protection of the pressure sensor against environmental influences is achieved in that the pressure sensor is arranged within the housing of the injection device.
- FIG. 1 shows a device according to the invention for exhaust-gas aftertreatment
- FIG. 2 shows a first enlarged illustration of the injection device
- FIG. 3 shown a second enlarged illustration of the injection device.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a device for exhaust-gas aftertreatment in a motor vehicle.
- a tank 1 for the liquid additive in this case an aqueous urea solution, is arranged in the motor vehicle.
- the urea solution is drawn in from the tank 1 and is delivered via a delivery line 3 to an injection device 4 .
- the injection device 4 is arranged on an exhaust line 5 of the motor vehicle.
- the urea solution is injected into the exhaust line 5 , where it mixes with the exhaust gas.
- the urea solution must be present at the injection device 4 at a particular pressure.
- the pressure is normally 5 to 7 bar.
- a pressure sensor 6 which, owing to the immediate proximity, is connected hydraulically rigidly to the injection device 4 . If urea solution is injected via the injection device 4 , the pressure drop caused as a result is recorded directly and to the full extent by the pressure sensor 6 .
- FIG. 2 shows the injection device 4 arranged on the exhaust line 5 in an enlarged illustration.
- the pressure sensor 6 is flange-mounted on the housing 7 of the injection device 4 .
- the pressure in the injection device 4 is directly detected by the pressure sensor 6 via an opening 8 , and is fed as an electrical signal via a line 9 to a control unit (not illustrated).
- the pressure sensor 6 is inserted into the opening 8 of the housing of the injection device 4 , such that the pressure sensor is in direct and immediate contact with the additive and measures the pressure prevailing in the injection device 4 .
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- This application claims the benefit of PCT Application PCT/EP2016/076110, filed Oct. 28, 2016, which claims priority to German Patent Application 10 2015 221 363.3, filed Oct. 30, 2015, and German Patent Application 10 2015 221 299.0, filed Oct. 28, 2016. The disclosures of the above applications are incorporated herein by reference.
- The invention relates to a device for exhaust-gas aftertreatment, including a delivery device for delivering a liquid additive out of a tank, a pressure sensor, an exhaust line, a delivery line leading from the delivery device to the exhaust line, and an injection device for introducing the delivered additive into the exhaust line.
- For optimum exhaust-gas aftertreatment, it is known for the additive to be injected in as accurately dosed a manner as possible into the exhaust line. The quantity to be injected is dependent on various parameters. Aside from the quantity, the pressure with which the additive is injected is also crucial, because the spray pattern of the additive injected into the exhaust line, and thus the distribution and mixing of the additive over the cross section of the exhaust line, are determined by means of the pressure. A pressure sensor is used to monitor the pressure. For this purpose, it is known for the pressure sensor to be arranged on the delivery device or to be integrated into a module that includes the delivery device. It is a disadvantage here that, during operation, the delivery device generates pressure pulses that are detected by the pressure sensor.
- The invention is therefore based on the object of providing a device for exhaust-gas aftertreatment which detects the pressure prevailing at the injection device as accurately as possible, wherein it is the intention for disturbing influences to be as far as possible reduced or eliminated.
- According to the invention, the object is achieved in that the pressure sensor is arranged on the injection device. With the arrangement of the pressure sensor on the injection device, the pressure is measured in the immediate vicinity of the point that is crucial for an optimum injection of the liquid additive. Owing to the immediate proximity to the injection device, the pressure sensor is connected hydraulically rigidly to the injection device. Disturbing pressure pulses of the delivery device are eliminated by means of the great spatial separation thus realized. This is made possible in particular by means of the delivery line and the fluid column present therein, because damping is realized owing to the fluid characteristics. This effect, that has hitherto had an adverse effect on the pressure measurement, is now utilized in an advantageous manner owing to the new arrangement of the pressure sensor. It is thus made possible for the pressure pulses at the injector to be determined. Disturbing effects are virtually ruled out. This permits a rapid correction of the dosed quantity of the additive. Finally, the construction of the delivery module including the delivery device is also simplified. The structural space is likewise reduced, whereby the utilizable volume of a tank for the liquid additive is increased, if the delivery module is arranged in the tank.
- The most significant advantage however consists in the fact that, owing to the arrangement and the determination of the pressure pulses at the injection device that is thus made possible, diagnosis of the injection device is also made possible, for example in order to be able to monitor every injection process. Since these deviations detected by the pressure sensor are often only small, it is made possible for the first time by means of the arrangement according to the invention to utilize these deviations for diagnostic purposes. For this purpose, the pressure characteristics of a fault-free injection device are determined in advance. If, during the operation of the device for exhaust-gas aftertreatment according to the invention, deviations in the pressure characteristics arise which go beyond tolerances to be defined, this may indicate impairments of the injection device. Such impairments may be deposits at the injection point via which the additive is injected into the exhaust line. This allows conclusions to be drawn regarding the spray pattern with which the additive is injected into the exhaust-gas flow. Conclusions may likewise be drawn regarding the quantity that is actually injected. Both the additive quantity and the spray pattern are crucial for the subsequent exhaust-gas aftertreatment, because the distribution of the additive in the exhaust gas is determined with the spray pattern, and the quantity determines the degree of exhaust-gas aftertreatment.
- In one advantageous refinement, the arrangement of the pressure sensor on the housing of the injection device is achieved with little outlay. In particular, the housings of existing injection devices may thereby continue to be utilized, because the modifications are very small.
- In a particularly simple refinement, the housing of the injection device has an opening into which the pressure sensor is inserted.
- In another refinement, the pressure sensor is flange-mounted on the housing of the injection device, and a pressure connection to the pressure sensor exists via an opening in the housing.
- In another advantageous refinement, protection of the pressure sensor against environmental influences is achieved in that the pressure sensor is arranged within the housing of the injection device.
- Further areas of applicability of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description provided hereinafter. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the preferred embodiment of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
- The invention will be discussed in more detail on the basis of multiple exemplary embodiments. In the drawings:
-
FIG. 1 shows a device according to the invention for exhaust-gas aftertreatment; -
FIG. 2 shows a first enlarged illustration of the injection device; and -
FIG. 3 shown a second enlarged illustration of the injection device. - The following description of the preferred embodiment(s) is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses.
-
FIG. 1 schematically shows a device for exhaust-gas aftertreatment in a motor vehicle. A tank 1 for the liquid additive, in this case an aqueous urea solution, is arranged in the motor vehicle. By means of adelivery device 2, the urea solution is drawn in from the tank 1 and is delivered via adelivery line 3 to aninjection device 4. Theinjection device 4 is arranged on anexhaust line 5 of the motor vehicle. By means of theinjection device 4, the urea solution is injected into theexhaust line 5, where it mixes with the exhaust gas. To provide the urea solution to the exhaust-gas line 5 in adequate quantities in a manner dependent on the exhaust-gas flows that arise during the operation of the motor vehicle, the urea solution must be present at theinjection device 4 at a particular pressure. The pressure is normally 5 to 7 bar. On theinjection device 4, there is arranged apressure sensor 6 which, owing to the immediate proximity, is connected hydraulically rigidly to theinjection device 4. If urea solution is injected via theinjection device 4, the pressure drop caused as a result is recorded directly and to the full extent by thepressure sensor 6. -
FIG. 2 shows theinjection device 4 arranged on theexhaust line 5 in an enlarged illustration. Thepressure sensor 6 is flange-mounted on thehousing 7 of theinjection device 4. The pressure in theinjection device 4 is directly detected by thepressure sensor 6 via anopening 8, and is fed as an electrical signal via aline 9 to a control unit (not illustrated). - In
FIG. 3 , thepressure sensor 6 is inserted into theopening 8 of the housing of theinjection device 4, such that the pressure sensor is in direct and immediate contact with the additive and measures the pressure prevailing in theinjection device 4. - The description of the invention is merely exemplary in nature and, thus, variations that do not depart from the gist of the invention are intended to be within the scope of the invention. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102015221363 | 2015-10-30 | ||
DE102015221363.3 | 2015-10-30 | ||
DE102016221299.0A DE102016221299A1 (en) | 2015-10-30 | 2016-10-28 | Device for exhaust aftertreatment |
PCT/EP2016/076110 WO2017072311A1 (en) | 2015-10-30 | 2016-10-28 | Device for post-treatment of waste gas |
DE102016221299.0 | 2016-10-28 |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2016/076110 Continuation WO2017072311A1 (en) | 2015-10-30 | 2016-10-28 | Device for post-treatment of waste gas |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20180245500A1 true US20180245500A1 (en) | 2018-08-30 |
Family
ID=58546265
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US15/965,338 Abandoned US20180245500A1 (en) | 2015-10-30 | 2018-04-27 | Device for post-treatment of waste gas |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20180245500A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3368756A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN108138635A (en) |
BR (1) | BR112018006476A2 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102016221299A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2017072311A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113578051B (en) * | 2021-08-19 | 2024-04-19 | 合肥江淮汽车制管有限公司 | Automobile exhaust pipeline with exhaust treatment function |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5201228A (en) * | 1990-08-28 | 1993-04-13 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. | Pressure sensor |
US20060101810A1 (en) * | 2004-11-15 | 2006-05-18 | Angelo Theodore G | System for dispensing fuel into an exhaust system of a diesel engine |
US7703276B2 (en) * | 2003-10-02 | 2010-04-27 | Nissan Diesel Motor Co., Ltd. | Exhaust gas purifying apparatus for engine |
US20120311999A1 (en) * | 2010-01-13 | 2012-12-13 | Emitec Gesellschaft Fuer Emissionstechnologie Mbh | Device for providing a liquid reducing agent and motor vehicle having the device |
US20130152554A1 (en) * | 2010-08-18 | 2013-06-20 | Emitec Gesellschaft Fur Emissionstechnologie Mbh | Metering unit for a reducing agent, method for metering reducing agent and motor vehicle having a metering unit |
US20150050168A1 (en) * | 2013-08-13 | 2015-02-19 | Hyundai Motor Company | Urea solution pumping module |
-
2016
- 2016-10-28 BR BR112018006476A patent/BR112018006476A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2016-10-28 WO PCT/EP2016/076110 patent/WO2017072311A1/en unknown
- 2016-10-28 EP EP16788516.9A patent/EP3368756A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2016-10-28 DE DE102016221299.0A patent/DE102016221299A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2016-10-28 CN CN201680058068.2A patent/CN108138635A/en active Pending
-
2018
- 2018-04-27 US US15/965,338 patent/US20180245500A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5201228A (en) * | 1990-08-28 | 1993-04-13 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. | Pressure sensor |
US7703276B2 (en) * | 2003-10-02 | 2010-04-27 | Nissan Diesel Motor Co., Ltd. | Exhaust gas purifying apparatus for engine |
US20060101810A1 (en) * | 2004-11-15 | 2006-05-18 | Angelo Theodore G | System for dispensing fuel into an exhaust system of a diesel engine |
US20120311999A1 (en) * | 2010-01-13 | 2012-12-13 | Emitec Gesellschaft Fuer Emissionstechnologie Mbh | Device for providing a liquid reducing agent and motor vehicle having the device |
US20130152554A1 (en) * | 2010-08-18 | 2013-06-20 | Emitec Gesellschaft Fur Emissionstechnologie Mbh | Metering unit for a reducing agent, method for metering reducing agent and motor vehicle having a metering unit |
US20150050168A1 (en) * | 2013-08-13 | 2015-02-19 | Hyundai Motor Company | Urea solution pumping module |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN108138635A (en) | 2018-06-08 |
BR112018006476A2 (en) | 2018-10-09 |
EP3368756A1 (en) | 2018-09-05 |
DE102016221299A1 (en) | 2017-05-04 |
WO2017072311A1 (en) | 2017-05-04 |
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