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US20170115039A1 - Thermoelectric based heat pump configuration - Google Patents

Thermoelectric based heat pump configuration Download PDF

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Publication number
US20170115039A1
US20170115039A1 US14/919,495 US201514919495A US2017115039A1 US 20170115039 A1 US20170115039 A1 US 20170115039A1 US 201514919495 A US201514919495 A US 201514919495A US 2017115039 A1 US2017115039 A1 US 2017115039A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
heat
heat sink
sink base
exchange system
heat exchange
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US14/919,495
Inventor
Brian St. Rock
Eric S. Landry
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AMI Industries Inc
Original Assignee
AMI Industries Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by AMI Industries Inc filed Critical AMI Industries Inc
Priority to US14/919,495 priority Critical patent/US20170115039A1/en
Assigned to AMI INDUSTRIES, INC. reassignment AMI INDUSTRIES, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: Landry, Eric S., St. Rock, Brian
Priority to EP16194981.3A priority patent/EP3159930A1/en
Publication of US20170115039A1 publication Critical patent/US20170115039A1/en
Priority to US15/937,898 priority patent/US10222102B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B21/00Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
    • F25B21/02Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects using Peltier effect; using Nernst-Ettinghausen effect
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B21/00Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
    • F25B21/02Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects using Peltier effect; using Nernst-Ettinghausen effect
    • F25B21/04Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects using Peltier effect; using Nernst-Ettinghausen effect reversible
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05KPRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K7/00Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
    • H05K7/20Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
    • H05K7/20009Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating using a gaseous coolant in electronic enclosures
    • H05K7/20136Forced ventilation, e.g. by fans
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05KPRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K7/00Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
    • H05K7/20Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
    • H05K7/2029Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating using a liquid coolant with phase change in electronic enclosures
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10NELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N10/00Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
    • H10N10/10Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects
    • H10N10/13Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects characterised by the heat-exchanging means at the junction
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10NELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N19/00Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one thermoelectric or thermomagnetic element covered by groups H10N10/00 - H10N15/00
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2321/00Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
    • F25B2321/02Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects using Peltier effects; using Nernst-Ettinghausen effects
    • F25B2321/021Control thereof
    • F25B2321/0211Control thereof of fans
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2321/00Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
    • F25B2321/02Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects using Peltier effects; using Nernst-Ettinghausen effects
    • F25B2321/021Control thereof
    • F25B2321/0212Control thereof of electric power, current or voltage
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2321/00Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
    • F25B2321/02Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects using Peltier effects; using Nernst-Ettinghausen effects
    • F25B2321/023Mounting details thereof
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2321/00Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
    • F25B2321/02Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects using Peltier effects; using Nernst-Ettinghausen effects
    • F25B2321/025Removal of heat
    • F25B2321/0251Removal of heat by a gas
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2321/00Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
    • F25B2321/02Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects using Peltier effects; using Nernst-Ettinghausen effects
    • F25B2321/025Removal of heat
    • F25B2321/0252Removal of heat by liquids or two-phase fluids
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L23/00Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
    • H01L23/34Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements
    • H01L23/46Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements involving the transfer of heat by flowing fluids
    • H01L23/467Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements involving the transfer of heat by flowing fluids by flowing gases, e.g. air

Definitions

  • thermoelectric-based heat pump and more particularly, to configurations for thermoelectric-based heat pumps.
  • a heat exchange system for exchanging heat with an object may include a centrifugal blower for directing air flow in a downward and an outward direction, a heat sink base positioned to receive the air flow from the centrifugal blower, a diffuser on the heat sink base and in the path of the air flow from the centrifugal blower, the diffuser having vanes that are in thermal communication with the heat sink base that direct the air flow from the blower outward over the heat sink base, and a thermoelectric device having a low temperature side and a high temperature side, where the thermoelectric device is in thermal communication with the heat sink base on the low temperature side and the high temperature side.
  • a method for exchanging heat with an object may include directing an air flow through a first centrifugal blower in a downward and an outward direction, directing the air flow from the first centrifugal blower outward over a first heat sink base via a first diffuser on the heat sink base and in a path of the air flow from the blower, the diffuser having vanes that are in thermal communication with the heat sink base, receiving heat from the air flow via the first heat sink base, and exchanging heat with the object via a thermoelectric device having a low temperature side and a high temperature side, where the thermoelectric device is in thermal communication with the heat sink base.
  • FIG. 1 depicts a perspective view of a compact heat sink with integrated blower
  • FIG. 2 depicts a partial cutaway of the device depicted in FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 3 depicts a thermoelectric-based heat exchanger
  • FIG. 4 depicts a chilled air thermoelectric cooling unit
  • FIG. 5 depicts a chilled air thermoelectric cooling unit with thermal storage
  • FIG. 6 depicts a chilled liquid thermoelectric cooling unit.
  • Air cooling system 10 for cooling component C is shown in FIG. 1 .
  • System 10 may include motor 11 , blower 13 , cover 14 , diffuser 15 and heat sink base 17 .
  • the heat sink base 17 may be an integral part of system 10 , or it may be part of component C being cooled.
  • the diffuser 15 can also function with heat sink base 17 as part of a heat sink.
  • the motor 11 and blower 13 can be integral and may be mounted on cover 14 , which may serve as the top of the diffuser 15 and supports all of the elements between cover 14 and heat sink base 17 .
  • System 10 can heat and/or cool objects it is in thermal communication with another device, such as a device shown generically as component C. Any object generating heat can be cooled by system 10 if it can be placed in thermal communication therewith. Similarly, in some embodiments, system 10 may transfer heat from system 10 to heat component C.
  • Motor 11 is depicted as a toroidal electric motor having a central airway 12 around its rotational axis. Air can be drawn by rotation of blower 13 axially down through central airway 12 into blower 13 and then into diffuser 15 . Air may flow outward or inward with respect to blower 13 . Other motors may also be used, with different configurations and sources of power, and/or similar configurations and sources of power. Controller 21 can provide a source of energy via line 22 to drive motor 11 and other active components described below. In operation, motor 11 may cause air to be drawn into central airway 12 by blower 13 , passing through a central aperture in cover 14 into diffuser 15 . The air can flow through diffuser 15 and contact heat sink base 17 to cool component C. Airflow through diffuser 15 can be radial, spiral or diffuser 15 can be configured for other paths.
  • Motor 11 can include a housing 11 a , bearings 18 , permanent magnet rotor 19 , stator 20 , and stator windings 20 a to support rotation of the rotor 19 and blower 13 .
  • Stator windings 20 a may be positioned to receive electrical power from controller 21 and drive the blower 13 in a normal electric motor fashion.
  • Blower 13 may have an upper hub 13 a , a lower hub 13 b and blades 16 .
  • Upper hub 13 a can be connected to the permanent magnet rotor 19 .
  • Blades 16 may have an upper end 16 a connected to lower hub 13 b .
  • a center port 130 in lower hub 13 b may provide a passage for air flow through lower hub 13 b and into space between lower hub 13 b and heat sink base 17 .
  • Diffuser 15 may include a plurality of fins or vanes 23 and other elements shown and described below that take air from central passage 12 so that air contacts the vanes 23 and the heat sink base 17 to absorb heat into the air and out of system 10 .
  • Diffuser 15 may serve two purposes in this device. First, diffuser 15 may detect the flow of air from a vertically downward direction radially outward as will be described below. Second, the diffuser vanes 23 may provide additional heat conductive material as part of the heat sink 17 , so that more hot metal is exposed to the cooling air flow. Motor 11 , blower 13 , diffuser 15 and heat sink 17 can attached together to form a single device that can be attached to an electronic package such as a circuit board in the same manner that conventional air-cooled heat-exchangers may be attached.
  • thermoelectric heat exchange unit 30 may be configured to cool a device or surface in contact with a thermoelectric module 32 .
  • Thermoelectric module 32 may be sandwiched between the device or surface being cooled and a compact air cooling system 31 .
  • Heat exchanger 31 may be substantially similar to air cooling system 10 , but with fins (diffuser vanes) 34 and motor configuration tailored for the specific application. Heat removed from the device being cooled and waste heat produced by the device is rejected to input air 35 within air cooling system 31 and exhausted to the surroundings via hot exhaust port 37 .
  • thermoelectric heat exchange unit 30 may be optimized to maximize heat transfer between component input air 35 and thermoelectric module 32 .
  • a chilled air thermoelectric heat exchange unit may include two air cooling units 31 to generate a chilled air stream.
  • a thermoelectric module 32 may be configured between the two air cooling units 31 Air may be drawn into each air cooling unit and heat can be pumped from one air stream to the other using the thermoelectric module, producing a chilled air stream and a heated air stream.
  • the side of the device with the cooled air stream and the side of the device having the heated air stream can be configured based on the polarity of the voltage applied to the thermoelectric module.
  • the chilled and/or heated exhaust air may be collected in a volute as shown.
  • the volute may comprise a plurality of configurations, including a single exhaust port, or multiple exhaust ports.
  • hot-side blower 42 and cold-side blower 43 may rotate at the same speed. In other embodiments, the hot-side blower 42 may blow may rotate at a different speed than cold-side blower 43 . In some aspects, each of the blowers 42 and 43 may be either constant or variable speed.
  • a volute (not shown) may be configured with thermoelectric heat pump unit 40 to capture chilled air 44 .
  • the volute may comprise a plurality of configurations, including a single exhaust port, or multiple exhaust ports as needed for air distribution
  • thermoelectric module 32 may be incorporated between thermoelectric module 32 and the air cooling units 31 to improve thermal performance or allow the thermoelectric module 32 to have a surface area than the air cooling units 31 .
  • the inlet air into each side of the device may come from the same source. In other embodiments, the inlet air may come from different sources.
  • chilled air devices may operate in a low power consumption mode, where heat load may be managed by forced convection of unconditioned air. Accordingly, thermoelectric module 32 and the hot-side heat exchanger may be unpowered while air is circulated to the system being cold using the source side device.
  • a chilled air thermoelectric heat exchange unit with thermal storage 50 is depicted, in accordance with some embodiments.
  • heat can be pumped from the air stream entering air cooling system 31 to a heat sink 52 using a thermoelectric module 32 , producing a chilled air stream 51 that can be collected in a volute (not shown) with one or more outlet ports.
  • the heat removed from the air stream and waste heat produced by the thermoelectric module is rejected via the heat sink 52 to a phase change material. This heat may be ultimately rejected to ambient via heat sink 52 .
  • this configuration may supply cooling for short periods without requiring significant heat rejection to the surroundings and can accommodate temporary increases in heat load without requiring the system to be oversized for peak cooling loads.
  • Chilled air thermoelectric heat exchange unit 50 may also operate in an open system or a closed system.
  • Heat exchange unit 60 may include a cold plate 61 attached to the thermoelectric heat exchanger 30 . Heat is pumped from the liquid in cold plate 61 to the air cooling system 31 using a thermoelectric module 32 , producing a cooled liquid stream. In other embodiments, the polarity of the voltage applied to the thermoelectric device may be reversed in order to produce a warm liquid stream.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Cooling Or The Like Of Electrical Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

A heat exchange system for exchanging heat with an object may include a centrifugal blower for directing air flow in a downward and an outward direction, a heat sink base positioned to receive the air flow from the centrifugal blower, a diffuser on the heat sink base and in the path of the air flow from the centrifugal blower, the diffuser having vanes that are in thermal communication with the heat sink base that direct the air flow from the blower outward over the heat sink base, and a thermoelectric device having a low temperature side and a high temperature side, where the thermoelectric device is in thermal communication with the heat sink base on the low temperature side and the high temperature side.

Description

    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • The present disclosure relates to a thermoelectric-based heat pump, and more particularly, to configurations for thermoelectric-based heat pumps.
  • Because of the increased power consumption of electronic technologies, heat rejection systems have grown in size, weight, complexity and cost. In some instances, conventional air-cooled heat sinks have become inadequate. This has resulted in systems with exotic liquid-cooled manifolds, spray-cooled enclosures, and vapor-compression refrigeration being proposed. These approaches may add complexity associated with operation and maintenance of active pumps and compressors, and introduce opportunities for fluid or vapor leakage. Conventional designs may include high heat transfer impingement rows generated by axial fans placed above the heat sink. Small-scale (under 100 W) cooling systems often rely on vapor compression cycles or forced convection of unconditioned air. These types of systems may be limited in application due to their effective range of ambient conditions and/or bulky weight and size.
  • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • According to one embodiment, a heat exchange system for exchanging heat with an object may include a centrifugal blower for directing air flow in a downward and an outward direction, a heat sink base positioned to receive the air flow from the centrifugal blower, a diffuser on the heat sink base and in the path of the air flow from the centrifugal blower, the diffuser having vanes that are in thermal communication with the heat sink base that direct the air flow from the blower outward over the heat sink base, and a thermoelectric device having a low temperature side and a high temperature side, where the thermoelectric device is in thermal communication with the heat sink base on the low temperature side and the high temperature side.
  • According to another embodiment, a method for exchanging heat with an object may include directing an air flow through a first centrifugal blower in a downward and an outward direction, directing the air flow from the first centrifugal blower outward over a first heat sink base via a first diffuser on the heat sink base and in a path of the air flow from the blower, the diffuser having vanes that are in thermal communication with the heat sink base, receiving heat from the air flow via the first heat sink base, and exchanging heat with the object via a thermoelectric device having a low temperature side and a high temperature side, where the thermoelectric device is in thermal communication with the heat sink base.
  • Additional features and advantages are realized through the techniques of the present disclosure. Other embodiments and aspects of the disclosure are described in detail herein. For a better understanding of the disclosure with the advantages and the features, refer to the description and to the drawings.
  • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • The subject matter which is regarded as the invention is particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in the claims at the conclusion of the specification. The foregoing and other features, and advantages of the invention are apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
  • FIG. 1 depicts a perspective view of a compact heat sink with integrated blower;
  • FIG. 2 depicts a partial cutaway of the device depicted in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 depicts a thermoelectric-based heat exchanger;
  • FIG. 4 depicts a chilled air thermoelectric cooling unit;
  • FIG. 5 depicts a chilled air thermoelectric cooling unit with thermal storage; and
  • FIG. 6 depicts a chilled liquid thermoelectric cooling unit.
  • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  • Air cooling system 10 for cooling component C is shown in FIG. 1. System 10 may include motor 11, blower 13, cover 14, diffuser 15 and heat sink base 17. The heat sink base 17 may be an integral part of system 10, or it may be part of component C being cooled. In FIG. 1, the diffuser 15 can also function with heat sink base 17 as part of a heat sink. The motor 11 and blower 13 can be integral and may be mounted on cover 14, which may serve as the top of the diffuser 15 and supports all of the elements between cover 14 and heat sink base 17. System 10 can heat and/or cool objects it is in thermal communication with another device, such as a device shown generically as component C. Any object generating heat can be cooled by system 10 if it can be placed in thermal communication therewith. Similarly, in some embodiments, system 10 may transfer heat from system 10 to heat component C.
  • Motor 11 is depicted as a toroidal electric motor having a central airway 12 around its rotational axis. Air can be drawn by rotation of blower 13 axially down through central airway 12 into blower 13 and then into diffuser 15. Air may flow outward or inward with respect to blower 13. Other motors may also be used, with different configurations and sources of power, and/or similar configurations and sources of power. Controller 21 can provide a source of energy via line 22 to drive motor 11 and other active components described below. In operation, motor 11 may cause air to be drawn into central airway 12 by blower 13, passing through a central aperture in cover 14 into diffuser 15. The air can flow through diffuser 15 and contact heat sink base 17 to cool component C. Airflow through diffuser 15 can be radial, spiral or diffuser 15 can be configured for other paths.
  • As seen in FIG. 2, the internal components of system 10 are shown. Motor 11 can include a housing 11 a, bearings 18, permanent magnet rotor 19, stator 20, and stator windings 20 a to support rotation of the rotor 19 and blower 13. Stator windings 20 a may be positioned to receive electrical power from controller 21 and drive the blower 13 in a normal electric motor fashion.
  • Blower 13 may have an upper hub 13 a, a lower hub 13 b and blades 16. Upper hub 13 a can be connected to the permanent magnet rotor 19. Blades 16 may have an upper end 16 a connected to lower hub 13 b. A center port 130 in lower hub 13 b may provide a passage for air flow through lower hub 13 b and into space between lower hub 13 b and heat sink base 17.
  • Diffuser 15 may include a plurality of fins or vanes 23 and other elements shown and described below that take air from central passage 12 so that air contacts the vanes 23 and the heat sink base 17 to absorb heat into the air and out of system 10. Diffuser 15 may serve two purposes in this device. First, diffuser 15 may detect the flow of air from a vertically downward direction radially outward as will be described below. Second, the diffuser vanes 23 may provide additional heat conductive material as part of the heat sink 17, so that more hot metal is exposed to the cooling air flow. Motor 11, blower 13, diffuser 15 and heat sink 17 can attached together to form a single device that can be attached to an electronic package such as a circuit board in the same manner that conventional air-cooled heat-exchangers may be attached.
  • It may be advantageous to provide devices for enabling lightweight and compact heat exchange having an optimized rate of heat exchange while providing fewer mechanical parts and operative fluids that may break, leak, etc. As depicted in FIG. 3, according to some embodiments, a thermoelectric heat exchange unit 30 may be configured to cool a device or surface in contact with a thermoelectric module 32. Thermoelectric module 32 may be sandwiched between the device or surface being cooled and a compact air cooling system 31. Heat exchanger 31 may be substantially similar to air cooling system 10, but with fins (diffuser vanes) 34 and motor configuration tailored for the specific application. Heat removed from the device being cooled and waste heat produced by the device is rejected to input air 35 within air cooling system 31 and exhausted to the surroundings via hot exhaust port 37. In some aspects, thermoelectric heat exchange unit 30 may be optimized to maximize heat transfer between component input air 35 and thermoelectric module 32.
  • Referring now to FIG. 4, in some embodiments, a chilled air thermoelectric heat exchange unit (40) may include two air cooling units 31 to generate a chilled air stream. In this configuration, a thermoelectric module 32 may be configured between the two air cooling units 31 Air may be drawn into each air cooling unit and heat can be pumped from one air stream to the other using the thermoelectric module, producing a chilled air stream and a heated air stream. The side of the device with the cooled air stream and the side of the device having the heated air stream can be configured based on the polarity of the voltage applied to the thermoelectric module. The chilled and/or heated exhaust air may be collected in a volute as shown. The volute may comprise a plurality of configurations, including a single exhaust port, or multiple exhaust ports.
  • According to some embodiments, hot-side blower 42 and cold-side blower 43 may rotate at the same speed. In other embodiments, the hot-side blower 42 may blow may rotate at a different speed than cold-side blower 43. In some aspects, each of the blowers 42 and 43 may be either constant or variable speed.
  • In other embodiments, a volute (not shown) may be configured with thermoelectric heat pump unit 40 to capture chilled air 44. The volute may comprise a plurality of configurations, including a single exhaust port, or multiple exhaust ports as needed for air distribution
  • In some embodiments, a heat spreader (not shown) may be incorporated between thermoelectric module 32 and the air cooling units 31 to improve thermal performance or allow the thermoelectric module 32 to have a surface area than the air cooling units 31.
  • In some embodiments, the inlet air into each side of the device may come from the same source. In other embodiments, the inlet air may come from different sources.
  • In some embodiments, chilled air devices may operate in a low power consumption mode, where heat load may be managed by forced convection of unconditioned air. Accordingly, thermoelectric module 32 and the hot-side heat exchanger may be unpowered while air is circulated to the system being cold using the source side device.
  • Referring now to FIG. 5, a chilled air thermoelectric heat exchange unit with thermal storage 50 is depicted, in accordance with some embodiments. In this configuration, heat can be pumped from the air stream entering air cooling system 31 to a heat sink 52 using a thermoelectric module 32, producing a chilled air stream 51 that can be collected in a volute (not shown) with one or more outlet ports. The heat removed from the air stream and waste heat produced by the thermoelectric module is rejected via the heat sink 52 to a phase change material. This heat may be ultimately rejected to ambient via heat sink 52. In some aspects, this configuration may supply cooling for short periods without requiring significant heat rejection to the surroundings and can accommodate temporary increases in heat load without requiring the system to be oversized for peak cooling loads. Chilled air thermoelectric heat exchange unit 50 may also operate in an open system or a closed system.
  • Referring now to FIG. 6, a chilled liquid thermoelectric heat exchange unit 60 is depicted according to some embodiments. Heat exchange unit 60 may include a cold plate 61 attached to the thermoelectric heat exchanger 30. Heat is pumped from the liquid in cold plate 61 to the air cooling system 31 using a thermoelectric module 32, producing a cooled liquid stream. In other embodiments, the polarity of the voltage applied to the thermoelectric device may be reversed in order to produce a warm liquid stream.
  • The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one more other features, integers, steps, operations, element components, and/or groups thereof.
  • While the invention has been described in detail in connection with only a limited number of embodiments, it should be readily understood that the invention is not limited to such disclosed embodiments. Rather, the invention can be modified to incorporate any number of variations, alterations, substitutions or equivalent arrangements not heretofore described, but which are commensurate with the spirit and scope of the invention.
  • Additionally, while various embodiments of the invention have been described, it is to be understood that aspects of the invention may include only some of the described embodiments. Accordingly, the invention is not to be seen as limited by the foregoing description, but is only limited by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (18)

1. A heat exchange system for exchanging heat with an object comprising:
a centrifugal blower for directing air flow in a downward and an outward direction;
a heat sink base positioned to receive the air flow from the centrifugal blower;
a diffuser on the heat sink base and in the path of the air flow from the centrifugal blower, the diffuser having vanes that are in thermal communication with the heat sink base that direct the air flow from the blower outward over the heat sink base; and
a thermoelectric device having a low temperature side and a high temperature side,
wherein the thermoelectric device is in thermal communication with the heat sink base on the low temperature side and the high temperature side.
2. The heat exchange system of claim 1, wherein the object with which heat is being exchanged is an electronic device generating heat during use, and the electronic device is in thermal communication with the heat sink.
3. The heat exchange system of claim 1, wherein the object with which heat is being exchanged is a mechanical device, and the mechanical device is in thermal communication with the heat sink.
4. The heat exchange system of claim 1, wherein the object with which heat is being exchanged is a second heat exchange system.
5. The heat exchange system of claim 1, wherein the object with which heat is being exchanged comprises a phase change material.
6. The heat exchange system of claim 1, wherein the object with which heat is being exchanged comprises a liquid cold plate.
7. The heat exchange system of claim 1, wherein inlet air directed into each heat sink may come from the same source.
8. The heat exchange system of claim 1, wherein the inlet air directed into each heat sink may come from different sources.
9. The heat exchange system of claim 1, wherein the system may operate in a low power consumption mode where one or more of the motor and the thermoelectric device may be unpowered.
10. The heat exchange system of claim 4, further comprising:
a second centrifugal blower for directing the air flow in an upward and outward direction with respect to the centrifugal blower;
a second heat sink base in thermal communication with the second centrifugal blower and in further connection with the thermoelectric device, the second heat sink base positioned to receive the air flow from the second blower, wherein
the thermoelectric device is in thermal communication with the heat sink base on the high temperature side; and
a second diffuser on the second heat sink base and in the path of the air flow, the second diffuser having vanes that are in thermal communication with the second heat sink base that direct the air flow from the second blower outward over the second heat sink base.
11. The heat exchange system of claim 10, wherein the first and second centrifugal blowers are driven by a common device and operate at the same speed.
12. The heat exchange system of claim 10, wherein the second centrifugal blower has an operational speed that is variable with respect to an operational speed of the first centrifugal blower.
13. The heat exchange system of claim 10, wherein a heat spreader is configured to be between the thermoelectric device and one of the first heat sink base and the second heat sink base.
14. The heat exchange system of claim 10, wherein inlet air directed into each heat sink may come from the same source.
15. The heat exchange system of claim 10, wherein the inlet air directed into each heat sink may come from different sources.
16. The heat exchange system of claim 10, wherein the device may operate in a low power consumption mode where one or more of the motor and the thermoelectric device may be unpowered.
17. The heat exchange system of claim 10, wherein the thermoelectric device is in direct connection with a cold plate, and a direction of an electric current passed through the thermoelectric device changes a direction of heat exchange.
18. A method for exchanging heat with an object, the method comprising:
directing an air flow through a first centrifugal blower in a downward and an outward direction;
directing the air flow from the first centrifugal blower outward over a first heat sink base via a first diffuser on the heat sink base and in a path of the air flow from the blower, the diffuser having vanes that are in thermal communication with the heat sink base,
receiving heat from the air flow via the first heat sink base; and
exchanging heat with the object via a thermoelectric device having a low temperature side and a high temperature side, wherein the thermoelectric device is in thermal communication with the heat sink base.
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