US20100330178A2 - Extended release compositions comprising as active compound venlafaxine hydrochloride - Google Patents
Extended release compositions comprising as active compound venlafaxine hydrochloride Download PDFInfo
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- US20100330178A2 US20100330178A2 US10/500,634 US50063405A US2010330178A2 US 20100330178 A2 US20100330178 A2 US 20100330178A2 US 50063405 A US50063405 A US 50063405A US 2010330178 A2 US2010330178 A2 US 2010330178A2
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- venlafaxine hydrochloride
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- 229960002416 venlafaxine hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000013265 extended release Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- -1 compound venlafaxine hydrochloride Chemical class 0.000 title abstract description 4
- QYRYFNHXARDNFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N venlafaxine hydrochloride Chemical compound [H+].[Cl-].C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C(CN(C)C)C1(O)CCCCC1 QYRYFNHXARDNFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002552 dosage form Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-monostearoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920001600 hydrophobic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- YQEMORVAKMFKLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycerine monostearate Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(CO)CO YQEMORVAKMFKLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- SVUQHVRAGMNPLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycerol monostearate Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO SVUQHVRAGMNPLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001866 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000010979 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920003088 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(OC)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O3)O)C(CO)O2)O)C(CO)O1 UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000168 Microcrystalline cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019813 microcrystalline cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008108 microcrystalline cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940016286 microcrystalline cellulose Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- PYGXAGIECVVIOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dibutyl decanedioate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCC PYGXAGIECVVIOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- DOOTYTYQINUNNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethyl citrate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(O)(C(=O)OCC)CC(=O)OCC DOOTYTYQINUNNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FLKPEMZONWLCSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl phthalate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC FLKPEMZONWLCSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001069 triethyl citrate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VMYFZRTXGLUXMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl citrate Natural products CCOC(=O)C(O)(C(=O)OCC)C(=O)OCC VMYFZRTXGLUXMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013769 triethyl citrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001525 carrageenan Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000679 carrageenan Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010418 carrageenan Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940113118 carrageenan Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940075507 glyceryl monostearate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001788 mono and diglycerides of fatty acids Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- PJHKBYALYHRYSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triheptanoin Chemical compound CCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCC PJHKBYALYHRYSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L zinc;1-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-3-[(1s,2s)-2-(6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-propanoylphenyl)cyclopropyl]urea;diacetate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C([C@H]2[C@H](C2)NC(=O)NC=2N=CC(=CC=2)C#N)=C1O UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001477 hydrophilic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims 4
- 239000013047 polymeric layer Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 13
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920003081 Povidone K 30 Polymers 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 229960004688 venlafaxine Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 229920003161 Eudragit® RS 30 D Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920003091 Methocel™ Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 3
- JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phencyclidine Chemical compound C1CCCCN1C1(C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCCCC1 JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Octanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003157 Eudragit® RL 30 D Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920003134 Eudragit® polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000017 hydrogel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000002381 plasma Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000036470 plasma concentration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000244 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010482 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940068968 polysorbate 80 Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229920000053 polysorbate 80 Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005563 spheronization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- PNVNVHUZROJLTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N venlafaxine Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C(CN(C)C)C1(O)CCCCC1 PNVNVHUZROJLTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000220317 Rosa Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001430 anti-depressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000935 antidepressant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940005513 antidepressants Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037058 blood plasma level Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003086 cellulose ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001688 coating polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HFNCOTSLOKKPHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanol;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.OC1CCCCC1 HFNCOTSLOKKPHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007903 gelatin capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005414 inactive ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- DXASQZJWWGZNSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylmethanamine;sulfur trioxide Chemical group CN(C)C.O=S(=O)=O DXASQZJWWGZNSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940069328 povidone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010215 titanium dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
- A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
- A61K9/5005—Wall or coating material
- A61K9/5021—Organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K9/5036—Polysaccharides, e.g. gums, alginate; Cyclodextrin
- A61K9/5042—Cellulose; Cellulose derivatives, e.g. phthalate or acetate succinate esters of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
- A61K9/5047—Cellulose ethers containing no ester groups, e.g. hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
- A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
- A61K9/5005—Wall or coating material
- A61K9/5021—Organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K9/5026—Organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyvinyl pyrrolidone, poly(meth)acrylates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
- A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
- A61K9/5073—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals having two or more different coatings optionally including drug-containing subcoatings
- A61K9/5078—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals having two or more different coatings optionally including drug-containing subcoatings with drug-free core
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/24—Antidepressants
Definitions
- the present invention relates to extended release compositions comprising as active compound venlafaxine hydrochloride.
- Venlafaxine hydrochloride is an antidepressant having formula (1) being designated (R/S)-1-[2-(dimethylamino)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-ethyl]cyclohexanol hydrochloride or ( ⁇ )-1-[a](dimethylamino)-methyl]p-methoxybenzyl cyclohexanol hydrochloride, having the empirical formula of C 17 H 27 NO 2 hydrochloride and molecular weight of 313.87.
- Venlafaxine hydrochloride is a white to off-white crystalline solid with a solubility of 572 mg/ml in water (adjustment to ionic strength of 0.2 M with sodium chloride). Its octanol:water (0.2 M sodium chloride) partition coefficient 0.43.
- EFFEXOR XR the Brand product, is formulated as an extended release capsule for once-a-day oral administration.
- venlafaxine hydrochloride comprises amounts equivalent to 37.5 mg, 75 mg, or 150 mg of venlafaxine.
- the inactive ingredients are mainly cellulose, ethylcellulose, gelatin, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, iron oxide, and titanium dioxide.
- Controlled or extended release dosage forms of medicament are conventionally produced as hydrogel matrix-based tablets.
- the controlled release dosage forms are simply prepared by mixing the active material with the appropriate rate of controlling polymers and then that mixture is compressed into the desired controlled release tablets.
- the rate-controlling polymers are normally termed as hydrogels. Examples of such polymers are cellulose ethers such as ethyl cellulose or hydroxypropylcellulose. Patents describing preparation methods of such dosage forms are described, for example, in US Patent Specifications 4,966,768 and 4,389,393.
- a suitable approach is encapsulating the drug and producing extended release capsule dosage forms.
- the preferred way is to mix the active ingredient with at least one binding agent to form a uniform mixture which is later moistened with water or with an appropriate organic solvent to form an extrudable plastic mass, from which small particles, cylindrical in shape (1 mm diameter), of drug/matrix are extruded, chopped into appropriate lengths and converted to spheroids using spheronization equipment. These spheroids are further dried and then film-coated with an appropriate polymer to form a film with the desired release patterns.
- the most widely used excipient in the extruding process is microcrystalline cellulose in its different grades; usually, water is used for the wetting process.
- Polymers widely used for coating are ethyl cellulose or EUDRAGIT (ammonio methacrylate copolymer, type A or B).
- Water-soluble ingredients are normally mixed with the ethyl cellulose or with other hydrophobic polymers, such as pore forming agents, to assist the control on the drug's release through the hydrophobic coating layer.
- the water-soluble ingredients such as hydroxypropylcellulose or polyethylene glycol, may serve as plasticizers as well.
- Venlafaxine hydrochloride has so far been formulated into a controlled release dosage form with the ability to provide in a single dose a therapeutic blood serum level of the drug over a twenty four hour period.
- tighter plasma therapeutic range control can be obtained and multiple dosing is avoided in this manner.
- the sharp peaks and troughs in blood plasma drug levels are avoided as well.
- a spheroid core is prepared by extruding and spheronizing a mixture of the drug with microcrystalline cellulose, and then coating it with an ethyl cellulose hydroxypropylcellulose mixture.
- This dosage form provides an extended release product with the following in vitro dissolution specifications: Time (hrs) Average % venlafaxine HCL release 2 ⁇ 30 4 30-55 8 55-80 12 65-90 24 >80
- the microencapsulation has been changed, i.e., is being performed by layering the drug over an inert nonpareil core, and then coating it with an appropriate polymeric mixture.
- the present invention thus consists in an extended release composition
- an extended release composition comprising as active compound venlafaxine hydrochloride, in which venlafaxine hydrochloride is coated on a nonpareil inert core, which coated core is then coated with a polymeric layer which enables the controlled release of the venlafaxine hydrochloride.
- composition preferably comprises 30-60% of venlafaxine hydrochloride per weight of the total dosage form.
- the venlafaxine hydrochloride is suitably connected to a binder; said binder may be, e.g., polyvinylpyrrolidone (povidone), hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, etc.
- the composition preferably comprises 0.5%-10% of the binder per weight of the total dosage form.
- nonpareil inert core is an inert sugar core, a microcrystalline cellulose, or the like.
- the composition preferably comprises 30-60% of the core per weight of the total dosage form.
- the drug might be sprayed as it is and the water is then used as binding enhancement agent.
- the coated core is coated with an isolating/protecting/separating layer, which layer is suitably composed of polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, carrageenan, GMS, etc.
- the composition preferably comprises 0.5-10% of the isolating layer per weight of the total dosage form.
- the core or the isolating layer is coated then with an additional polymeric layer which enables the controlled release of venlafaxine hydrochloride.
- Said additional polymeric layer is composed, e.g., of a hydrophobic polymer mixed with an appropriate hydrophobic or hydrophilic plasticizer. Said polymeric layer is suitably sprayed over the coated nonpareil layer or over the isolating layer.
- Appropriate coating polymers are, e.g. EUDRAGIT, cellulose derivatives such as hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, etc.
- Their suitable plasticizers are, e.g., castor oil, dibutyl sebacate, glyceryl monostearate, diethyl phthalate, glyceryl triheptanoate, triethylcitrate, etc.
- the coating polymeric layer may also be a wax-based coating.
- the composition preferably comprises 2-15% of the hydrophobic polymer per weight of the total dosage form, and preferably 0.1-2% per weight of the hydrophobic plasticizer per weight of the total dosage form.
- the above processes are conventional processes that may be performed in a fluidized bed coater with a bottom spraying mechanism.
- composition according to the present invention preferably not more than 40% of the drug is released after two hours, not more than 60% released after 4 hours, and not more than 80% after 8 hours.
- compositions obtained are suitably, e.g., filled into hard gelatin capsules or compressed into tablets.
- This formulation has an identical in vitro dissolution profile as EFFEXOR XR (see Sherman, WO99/22724). They are not sensitive to any changes in dissolution conditions. It is bioequivalent to EFFEXOR XR 150 mg caps.
- the coating process being used to produce the composition according to the present invention is more efficient than the method being used in the Sherman patent. Moreover, it enables the preparation of the drug in a single type of equipment, e.g. a fluidized bed coater.
- composition according to the present invention is suitably performed as follows (all temperatures are given in degrees centigrade):
- the core is coated with a further preliminary layer; the conditions of said coating are: Inlet temp: 50° +/ ⁇ 2° Outlet temp: 40° +/ ⁇ 5°
- Example No. 1 (Without Binder) Stage 1: Components Nonpareils 25/30 150 gr Venlafaxine hydrochloride 37.5 gr H 2 O 150 gr. Stage 2: Components layered pellets from stage 1 150 gr ETHOCEL 45 cp 15 gr METHOCEL 5 cp 1 gr Ethanol BP 300 gr At the end of the spray process the composition is dried for 10 minutes without nozzle with 30 cfm.
- Example No. 2 Stage 1: components Nonpareils (inert sugar pellets) 150 gr Povidone K-30 3.3 gr. Venlafaxine hydrochloride 165 gr. Ethanol BP 670 gr. Stage 2: components layered pellets from stage 1 150 gr. ETHOCEL 45 cp 15 gr METHOCEL 5 cp 1 gr Ethanol BP 300 gr The coating process was performed in a “4” fluidized bed coater made by Coating Place Inc. USA.
- Example No. 3 Stage 1: components Nonpareils 25/30 150 gr Venlafaxine hydrochloride 37.5 gr Povidone K-30 0.75 gr Ethanol BP 160 gr Stage 2-components layered pellets from stage 1 150 gr EUDRAGIT RS 30 D 150 gr Triethyl citrate 9 gr Glycerol monostearate 2.25 gr Polysorbate 80 1 gr Water 140 gr The coating process was performed in a “4” fluidized bed coater, made by Coating Place Inc. USA.
- Example No. 4 Stage 1: components Nonpareils 25/30 150 gr. Povidone K-30 0.75 gr. Venlafaxine-HCL 37.5 gr. Ethanol-BP 160 gr. Stage 2: components pellets from stage 1. 150 gr. EUDRAGIT RS 30 D 150 gr. EUDRAGIT RL 30 D 15 gr. Triethyl citrate 9 gr. Glycerol monostearate 2.25 gr. Polysorbate 80 1 gr Water 140 gr. All processes were performed in a “4” fluidized bed coater, made by Coating Place Inc. USA.
- Example no. 5 Stage 1: components Nonpareils 25/30 150 gr. Povidene K-90 4.5 gr. Venlafaxine-HCL 150 gr. Ethanol BP 670 gr. Water 110 gr
- Stage 2 components pellets from stage 1 150 gr. Povidone K-30 3.75 gr. Ethanol-absolute 60 gr.
- Stage 3 components Pellets from stage 2 ETHOCEL 100 cp 8 gr. Dibutyl sebacate 0.8 gr. Ethanol-absolute 300 gr.
- EUDRAGIT RS 30 D is poly(ethyl acrylate-co-methyl methacrylate-co-trimethylammonioethyl methacrylate chloride) 1:2:0.1.
- EUDRAGIT RL 30 D is poly(ethyl acrylate-co-methyl methacrylate-co-trimethylammonioethyl methacrylate chloride) 1:2:0.2.
- ETHOCEL is ethyl cellulose and METHOCEL is methyl cellulose.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
- Psychiatry (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Neurology (AREA)
- Neurosurgery (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to extended release compositions comprising as active compound venlafaxine hydrochloride.
- Venlafaxine hydrochloride is an antidepressant having formula (1)
being designated (R/S)-1-[2-(dimethylamino)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-ethyl]cyclohexanol hydrochloride or (±)-1-[a](dimethylamino)-methyl]p-methoxybenzyl cyclohexanol hydrochloride, having the empirical formula of C17H27NO2 hydrochloride and molecular weight of 313.87. - Venlafaxine hydrochloride is a white to off-white crystalline solid with a solubility of 572 mg/ml in water (adjustment to ionic strength of 0.2 M with sodium chloride). Its octanol:water (0.2 M sodium chloride) partition coefficient 0.43. EFFEXOR XR, the Brand product, is formulated as an extended release capsule for once-a-day oral administration.
- The drug release has so far been controlled by diffusion through the coating membrane on the spheroids and is not pH-dependent. Known capsules containing venlafaxine hydrochloride comprise amounts equivalent to 37.5 mg, 75 mg, or 150 mg of venlafaxine. The inactive ingredients are mainly cellulose, ethylcellulose, gelatin, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, iron oxide, and titanium dioxide.
- Controlled or extended release dosage forms of medicament are conventionally produced as hydrogel matrix-based tablets. With this technology, the controlled release dosage forms are simply prepared by mixing the active material with the appropriate rate of controlling polymers and then that mixture is compressed into the desired controlled release tablets. The rate-controlling polymers are normally termed as hydrogels. Examples of such polymers are cellulose ethers such as ethyl cellulose or hydroxypropylcellulose. Patents describing preparation methods of such dosage forms are described, for example, in US Patent Specifications 4,966,768 and 4,389,393.
- In some cases, for example with very water soluble active materials and with relatively high doses, it is not feasible to produce tablets which enable appropriate control on the drug's release. This is the case, for example with venlafaxine hydrochloride.
- In such a case, a suitable approach is encapsulating the drug and producing extended release capsule dosage forms. When preparation of such dosage forms is considered, the preferred way is to mix the active ingredient with at least one binding agent to form a uniform mixture which is later moistened with water or with an appropriate organic solvent to form an extrudable plastic mass, from which small particles, cylindrical in shape (1 mm diameter), of drug/matrix are extruded, chopped into appropriate lengths and converted to spheroids using spheronization equipment. These spheroids are further dried and then film-coated with an appropriate polymer to form a film with the desired release patterns. The most widely used excipient in the extruding process is microcrystalline cellulose in its different grades; usually, water is used for the wetting process.
- Polymers widely used for coating are ethyl cellulose or EUDRAGIT (ammonio methacrylate copolymer, type A or B). Water-soluble ingredients are normally mixed with the ethyl cellulose or with other hydrophobic polymers, such as pore forming agents, to assist the control on the drug's release through the hydrophobic coating layer. The water-soluble ingredients, such as hydroxypropylcellulose or polyethylene glycol, may serve as plasticizers as well.
- Venlafaxine hydrochloride has so far been formulated into a controlled release dosage form with the ability to provide in a single dose a therapeutic blood serum level of the drug over a twenty four hour period. By this method, tighter plasma therapeutic range control can be obtained and multiple dosing is avoided in this manner. The sharp peaks and troughs in blood plasma drug levels are avoided as well.
- With the conventional release dosage forms of venlafaxine hydrochloride (tablets), peak blood plasma levels appeared after 2-4 hrs, in contrast to the extended release dosage forms, when plasma levels of venlafaxine hydrochloride rose after administration for between five to eight hrs (average−6) and then begin to fall through a protracted, substantially linear decrease from the peak plasma level for the reminder of the period, maintaining therapeutic level of the drug during the entire twenty four hours period.
- In WO 99/22724 (AHP, Sherman), a detailed description of preparing an encapsulated dosage form (coated spheroids) of venlafaxine hydrochloride is provided. By the method described therein, a spheroid core is prepared by extruding and spheronizing a mixture of the drug with microcrystalline cellulose, and then coating it with an ethyl cellulose hydroxypropylcellulose mixture.
- This dosage form provides an extended release product with the following in vitro dissolution specifications:
Time (hrs) Average % venlafaxine HCL release 2 <30 4 30-55 8 55-80 12 65-90 24 >80 - These dissolution characteristics are pH— and RPM-independent.
- In the present invention, an alternative once daily bioequivalent formulation to the innovator's one (EFFEXOR XR, described in WO 99/22724) has been developed.
- As already mentioned, with high dose water-soluble product, such as venlafaxine hydrochloride (150 mg), the usual preferred way of encapsulating it is by preparing and coating appropriate beads, using the extrusion spheronization process.
- In the present invention, the microencapsulation has been changed, i.e., is being performed by layering the drug over an inert nonpareil core, and then coating it with an appropriate polymeric mixture.
- The present invention thus consists in an extended release composition comprising as active compound venlafaxine hydrochloride, in which venlafaxine hydrochloride is coated on a nonpareil inert core, which coated core is then coated with a polymeric layer which enables the controlled release of the venlafaxine hydrochloride.
- The composition preferably comprises 30-60% of venlafaxine hydrochloride per weight of the total dosage form.
- In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the venlafaxine hydrochloride is suitably connected to a binder; said binder may be, e.g., polyvinylpyrrolidone (povidone), hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, etc. The composition preferably comprises 0.5%-10% of the binder per weight of the total dosage form.
- Advantageously the nonpareil inert core is an inert sugar core, a microcrystalline cellulose, or the like. The composition preferably comprises 30-60% of the core per weight of the total dosage form.
- Alternatively, the drug might be sprayed as it is and the water is then used as binding enhancement agent.
- Advantageously, the coated core is coated with an isolating/protecting/separating layer, which layer is suitably composed of polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, carrageenan, GMS, etc. The composition preferably comprises 0.5-10% of the isolating layer per weight of the total dosage form.
- The core or the isolating layer is coated then with an additional polymeric layer which enables the controlled release of venlafaxine hydrochloride. Said additional polymeric layer is composed, e.g., of a hydrophobic polymer mixed with an appropriate hydrophobic or hydrophilic plasticizer. Said polymeric layer is suitably sprayed over the coated nonpareil layer or over the isolating layer.
- Appropriate coating polymers are, e.g. EUDRAGIT, cellulose derivatives such as hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, etc. Their suitable plasticizers are, e.g., castor oil, dibutyl sebacate, glyceryl monostearate, diethyl phthalate, glyceryl triheptanoate, triethylcitrate, etc.
- The coating polymeric layer may also be a wax-based coating.
- The composition preferably comprises 2-15% of the hydrophobic polymer per weight of the total dosage form, and preferably 0.1-2% per weight of the hydrophobic plasticizer per weight of the total dosage form.
- The above processes are conventional processes that may be performed in a fluidized bed coater with a bottom spraying mechanism.
- In the composition according to the present invention, preferably not more than 40% of the drug is released after two hours, not more than 60% released after 4 hours, and not more than 80% after 8 hours.
- The compositions obtained are suitably, e.g., filled into hard gelatin capsules or compressed into tablets.
- This formulation has an identical in vitro dissolution profile as EFFEXOR XR (see Sherman, WO99/22724). They are not sensitive to any changes in dissolution conditions. It is bioequivalent to EFFEXOR XR 150 mg caps.
- The coating process being used to produce the composition according to the present invention is more efficient than the method being used in the Sherman patent. Moreover, it enables the preparation of the drug in a single type of equipment, e.g. a fluidized bed coater.
- The present invention will now be illustrated with reference to the following examples, without being limited by them.
- The process for preparing the composition according to the present invention is suitably performed as follows (all temperatures are given in degrees centigrade):
-
- a. When venlafaxine hydrochloride is connected to a binder the venlafaxine hydrochloride is connected to the binder by methods known per se.
- b. Stage 1
- Coating the nonpareil core with the venlafaxine hydrochloride (advantageously connected with a binder) is performed at an inlet temperature of 45-550 (preferably at 500) at an outlet temperature of 35-450 (preferably at 400).
- At the end of the spraying process, the composition is dried for 10 minutes without nozzle with 30 cfm air flow.
- c. Stage 2
- The coated core obtained in Stage 1 is coated with the insulating layer at an inlet temperature of 60°+/−3° at an outlet temperature of 50°+/−2°.
- d. Stage 3 (when an insulating layer is present in Stage 2)
- The core is coated with a further preliminary layer; the conditions of said coating are:
Inlet temp: 50° +/− 2° Outlet temp: 40° +/− 5° - Example No. 1 (Without Binder)
Stage 1: Components Nonpareils 25/30 150 gr Venlafaxine hydrochloride 37.5 gr H2O 150 gr. Stage 2: Components layered pellets from stage 1 150 gr ETHOCEL 45 cp 15 gr METHOCEL 5 cp 1 gr Ethanol BP 300 gr
At the end of the spray process the composition is dried for 10 minutes without nozzle with 30 cfm. - Example No. 2
Stage 1: components Nonpareils (inert sugar pellets) 150 gr Povidone K-30 3.3 gr. Venlafaxine hydrochloride 165 gr. Ethanol BP 670 gr. Stage 2: components layered pellets from stage 1 150 gr. ETHOCEL 45 cp 15 gr METHOCEL 5 cp 1 gr Ethanol BP 300 gr
The coating process was performed in a “4” fluidized bed coater made by Coating Place Inc. USA. - Example No. 3:
Stage 1: components Nonpareils 25/30 150 gr Venlafaxine hydrochloride 37.5 gr Povidone K-30 0.75 gr Ethanol BP 160 gr Stage 2-components layered pellets from stage 1 150 gr EUDRAGIT RS 30 D 150 gr Triethyl citrate 9 gr Glycerol monostearate 2.25 gr Polysorbate 80 1 gr Water 140 gr
The coating process was performed in a “4” fluidized bed coater, made by Coating Place Inc. USA. - Example No. 4:
Stage 1: components Nonpareils 25/30 150 gr. Povidone K-30 0.75 gr. Venlafaxine-HCL 37.5 gr. Ethanol-BP 160 gr. Stage 2: components pellets from stage 1. 150 gr. EUDRAGIT RS 30 D 150 gr. EUDRAGIT RL 30 D 15 gr. Triethyl citrate 9 gr. Glycerol monostearate 2.25 gr. Polysorbate 80 1 gr Water 140 gr.
All processes were performed in a “4” fluidized bed coater, made by Coating Place Inc. USA. - Example no. 5:
Stage 1: components Nonpareils 25/30 150 gr. Povidene K-90 4.5 gr. Venlafaxine-HCL 150 gr. Ethanol BP 670 gr. Water 110 gr Stage 2: components pellets from stage 1 150 gr. Povidone K-30 3.75 gr. Ethanol-absolute 60 gr. Stage 3: components Pellets from stage 2 ETHOCEL 100 cp 8 gr. Dibutyl sebacate 0.8 gr. Ethanol-absolute 300 gr. - In the above examples, EUDRAGIT RS 30 D is poly(ethyl acrylate-co-methyl methacrylate-co-trimethylammonioethyl methacrylate chloride) 1:2:0.1.EUDRAGIT RL 30 D is poly(ethyl acrylate-co-methyl methacrylate-co-trimethylammonioethyl methacrylate chloride) 1:2:0.2. ETHOCEL is ethyl cellulose and METHOCEL is methyl cellulose.
Claims (21)
Priority Applications (1)
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US13/301,494 US8557282B2 (en) | 2001-11-13 | 2011-11-21 | Extended release compositions comprising as active compound venlafaxine hydrochloride |
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IL146462A IL146462A (en) | 2001-11-13 | 2001-11-13 | Extended release compositions comprising as active compound venlafaxine hydrochloride |
IL146462 | 2001-11-13 | ||
PCT/IL2002/000890 WO2003041692A1 (en) | 2001-11-13 | 2002-11-07 | Extended release compositions comprising as active compound venlafaxine hydrochloride |
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CA2473200A1 (en) | 2003-05-22 |
US20050118264A1 (en) | 2005-06-02 |
EP1465608A1 (en) | 2004-10-13 |
WO2003041692A1 (en) | 2003-05-22 |
IL146462A (en) | 2015-02-26 |
SI1465608T1 (en) | 2009-10-31 |
RU2004121786A (en) | 2005-04-20 |
RU2314798C2 (en) | 2008-01-20 |
US20120135082A1 (en) | 2012-05-31 |
US20130115298A2 (en) | 2013-05-09 |
ATE429907T1 (en) | 2009-05-15 |
HUP0500540A3 (en) | 2008-03-28 |
CA2473200C (en) | 2011-09-20 |
US8062666B2 (en) | 2011-11-22 |
EP1465608B1 (en) | 2009-04-29 |
HUP0500540A2 (en) | 2005-09-28 |
PT1465608E (en) | 2009-07-23 |
US8557282B2 (en) | 2013-10-15 |
DE60232189D1 (en) | 2009-06-10 |
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