US20080175743A1 - Alloyed Hot-Dip Galvanized Steel Sheet and Method of Producing the Same

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Abstract

Description

Claims

US20080175743A1

Publication number: US20080175743A1
Application number: US11/885,805
Authority: US
Inventors: Takayuki Futatsuka; Tatsuya Nakagaito; Hiroshi Matsuda; Yasunobu Nagataki; Yutaka Awajiya
Original assignee: JFR Steel Corp a Corp of Japan
Current assignee: JFE Steel Corp; JFR Steel Corp a Corp of Japan
Priority date: 2005-03-31
Filing date: 2006-03-31
Publication date: 2008-07-24

An alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet has a composition containing about 0.05 to about 0.25 wt % of C, about 0.5 wt % or less of Si, about 1 to about 3 wt % of Mn, about 0.1 wt % or less of P, about 0.01 wt % or less of S, about 0.1 to about 2 wt % of Al, and less than about 0.005 wt % of N, and satisfying the relations, Si+Al≧0.6 wt %, (0.0006×Al) wt %≦N≦(0.0058−0.0026×Al) wt %, and Al≦(1.25×C^0.5−0.57×Si+0.625×Mn) wt %, the balance including Fe and inevitable impurities. The alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet can be obtained without passing through a complicated process, has excellent surface appearance and anti-secondary work embrittlement and high strength, and is thus suitable for application to an automobile steel sheet.

RELATED APPLICATION

This is a §371 of International Application No. PCT/JP2006/307396, with an international filing date of Mar. 31, 2006 (WO 2006/104275 A1, published Oct. 5, 2006), which is based on Japanese Patent Application Nos. 2005-103833, filed Mar. 31, 2005, and 2006-058460, filed Mar. 3, 2006.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This disclosure relates to an alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet having high strength, excellent surface appearance, and excellent anti-secondary work embrittlement and a method of producing the same. The alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet is suitably applied to automobile steel sheets.

BACKGROUND

In recent years, from the viewpoint of conservation of the global environment, there have been advanced thinning of steel sheets by weight reduction of car bodies for improving mileages and increases in high strength steel sheets for improving safety. However, increases in strength of steel sheets decrease ductility and toughness, and thus there have been desired steel sheets having both high strength and high formability and excellent toughness after forming (anti-secondary work embrittlement).
For such a requirement, there have been developed various steel sheets such as ferrite-martensite dual phase steel (so-called Dual-Phase steel) and steel using transformation-induced plasticity of residual austenite (so-called TRIP steel).
In some cases, the surfaces of these steel sheets are galvanized for improving rust prevention in practical use. As such galvanized steel sheets, alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheets subjected to heat treatment for diffusing Fe of the steel sheets into plating layers after hot-dip galvanization are widely used from the viewpoint of securing press property, spot weldability, coating adhesion.
For example, in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 11-279691, there has been proposed an alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet in which residual austenite (also referred to as “residual γ”) is secured by adding a large amount of Si to the steel sheet, thereby achieving high ductility. However, Si decreases the adhesion of zinc plating, and thus a complicated process of Ni pre-plating, applying a special chemical, reducing an oxide layer on the surface of a steel sheet, and/or appropriately controlling the thickness of an oxide layer is required for adhesion of zinc plating to such high-Si steel.
In Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2002-030403, there has been proposed an alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet in which instead of Si, Al with a small adverse effect on zinc plating adhesion is added to the steel sheet, thereby securing excellent ductility and improving wettability and anti-powdering qualities of zinc plating. However, in high-Al steel, N and Al in the steel forms AlN which precipitates in large amounts at austenite grain boundaries during continuous casting, thereby embrittling the grain boundaries. Since bending correction from the vertical direction to the horizontal direction is performed in usual continuous casting, the embrittlement of the grain boundaries easily causes cracking in a slab at a corrected portion. When a slab having a crack is rolled, the crack remains in a final product to significantly deteriorate the surface appearance. In this case, a process of removing the crack of the slab with a grinder is required, thereby significantly increasing cost.
In U.S. Pat. No. 3,596,316, there has been proposed a method of avoiding slab cracking in which Ti is added to a steel sheet to fix N as TiN in order to avoid the slab cracking. However, precipitation of AlN actually starts at a temperature higher than the temperature where N is completely fixed as TiN, and thus it is difficult to completely avoid the slab cracking. Further, Al is a strong ferrite stabilizing element and increases the A₃transformation point, and thus ferrite is easily produced, due to an increase in the transformation point, at a slab corner where a temperature drop easily occurs until the slab width is reduced after the slab is discharged from a heating furnace during hot rolling. As a result, local distortion is concentrated at a corner during width reduction, thereby easily causing surface defects such as scabs.
Any one of the proposed techniques has the problem of high surface sliding resistance and low anti-secondary work embrittlement in comparison to cold-rolled steel sheets because the high-tension steel sheets are hot-dip galvanized in a subsequent process.
On the other hand, in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2004-211140, there has been proposed a hot-dip galvanized steel sheet in which in order to improve the anti-secondary work embrittlement of a galvanized steel sheet, the amount of B added to a Dual-Phase steel sheet used as a steel sheet is controlled to decrease the grain size of ferrite grains, improving grain boundary strength. However, a steel sheet utilizing a martensite phase cannot utilize an improvement in ductility (TRIP effect) due to strain-induced transformation of residual austenite and thus does not have sufficient ductility.
It could therefore be advantageous to provide an alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet having high strength and excellent surface appearance and excellent anti-secondary work embrittlement and a method of producing the same.

SUMMARY

We provide an alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet having a composition containing about 0.05 to about 0.25 wt % of C, about 0.5 wt % or less of Si, about 1 to about 3 wt % of Mn, about 0.1 wt % or less of P, about 0.01 wt % or less of S, about 0.1 to about 2 wt % of Al, and less than about 0.005 wt % of N, and satisfying the relations, Si+Al≧0.6 wt %, (0.0006×Al) wt %≦N≦(0.0058−0.0026×Al) wt %, and Al≦(1.25×C^0.5−0.57×Si+0.625×Mn) wt %, the balance including Fe and inevitable impurities.
The alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet has the composition which may further contain at least one element selected from the group consisting of about 1 wt % or less of Cr, about 1 wt % or less of V, and about 1 wt % or less of Mo.
Each of the alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet described above has the composition which may further contain at least one element selected from the group consisting of about 0.1 wt % or less of Ti, about 0.1 wt % or less of Nb, about 0.005 wt % or less of B, and about 1 wt % or less of Ni.
Each of the alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet described above has the composition which may further contain at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ca and REM in a total of about 0.01 wt % or less.
Each of the alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet described above has a metal structure preferably containing a residual austenite phase at a volume ratio of about 3 to about 20%.
Further, we provide a method of producing an alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet, the method including casting, hot-rolling, and cold-rolling steel for a steel sheet having any one of the above-described compositions, holding the steel at about 730° C. to about 900° C. for about 60 to about 300 seconds, cooling the steel at about 3 to about 100° C./s, further holding the steel at about 350° C. to about 600° C. for about 30 to about 250 seconds, hot-dip galvanizing the steel, and then alloying the steel at about 470° C. to about 600° C.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

We found that precipitation and coarsening of AlN influence not only the surface quality of a final product due to slab cracking, but also the anti-secondary work embrittlement of a final product and the anti-secondary work embrittlement is improved when an N amount is N≦(0.0058−0.0026×Al) wt %. Although details of reasons are not entirely understood, a conceivable reason is that breakage starts from coarse AlN due to embrittlement at a low temperature and, when the Al amount is increased, precipitation of AlN starts from a high temperature to easily coarsen the precipitate, thereby deteriorating the anti-secondary work embrittlement.
On the other hand, fine AlN precipitating at a high temperature suppresses coarsening of austenite grains, and thus ferrite grains are made fine, thereby improving the anti-secondary work embrittlement. Therefore, we found that there is a required minimum N amount, and a suitable N amount satisfies (0.0006×Al) wt %≦N for improving the anti-secondary work embrittlement.
We also found that the occurrence of scabs in hot rolling is suppressed by controlling the Al amount to Al≦(1.25×C^0.5−0.57×Si+0.625×Mn) wt %. This is adapted for balancing an increase in the Ar₃transformation point due to addition of Al and Si and a decrease in the transformation point due to addition of C and Mn. The reason for this is that when the components are controlled in the above range, ferrite formation at a corner of a slab before width reduction is suppressed.
Therefore, slab cracking in continuous casting, scabs in hot rolling, and non-plating after hot-dip galvanization are suppressed to improve the surface appearance of products. In addition, the anti-secondary work embrittlement is improved. Further, an alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet with high strength can be obtained without passing through a complicated process.
Our steel sheets will be described in detail below.
First, the reasons for specifying the composition of the alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet will be described. Hereinafter, “%” represents “% by mass.”
C: about 0.05 to about 0.25%
C is an element for stabilizing austenite and a necessary element for securing a martensite amount and causing austenite to remain at room temperature. When the C amount is less than about 0.05%, it is difficult to simultaneously secure the strength of the steel sheet and the amount of residual austenite to achieve high ductility. On the other hand, when the C amount exceeds about 0.25%, welds and heat-affected zone are significantly hardened, thereby deteriorating weldability. Therefore, the C amount is in the range of about 0.05 to about 0.25%.
Si: about 0.5% or Less
Si is an element effective in strengthening steel. Si is also a ferrite forming element which promotes the concentration of C in austenite and suppresses the formation of carbides and thus has the function of promoting the formation of residual austenite. However, when the Si amount exceeds about 0.5%, galvanizing is deteriorated, and plating is difficult in a usual hot-dip galvanization process. Therefore, the Si amount is about 0.5% or less. Usually, the Si amount is preferably about 0.01 to about 0.5% and more preferably about 0.01 to about 0.4%.
Mn: about 1 to about 3%
Mn is an element effective in strengthening steel. Mn is also an element for stabilizing austenite and an element necessary for increasing residual austenite. However, when the Mn amount is less than about 1%, these effects cannot be easily obtained. On the other hand, when the Mn amount exceeds about 3%, a second phase fraction is excessively increased, and the amount of solid-solution hardening is increased, thereby significantly increasing strength and greatly decreasing ductility. Therefore, such a Mn amount is unsuitable for application to automobile steel sheets. Thus, the Mn amount is in the range of about 1 to about 3%.
P: about 0.1% or Less
P is an element effective in strengthening steel. However, when the P amount exceeds about 0.1%, plating defects or non-plating occurs, and P segregates at grain boundaries to deteriorate the anti-secondary work embrittlement. Therefore, the P amount is about 0.1% or less. From the viewpoint of anti-secondary work embrittlement, the P amount is preferably about 0.05% or less. Usually, the P amount is preferably about 0.001 to about 0.05%.
S: about 0.01% or Less
S forms inclusions such as MnS and causes deterioration in impact resistance and cracking along metal flow of welds. Therefore, the S amount is preferably as small as possible. However, from the viewpoint of production cost, the S amount is about 0.01% or less. Usually, the S amount is preferably about 0.0001 to about 0.01%.
Al: about 0.1 to about 2%
Si+Al≦0.6%
Al and Si are ferrite forming elements which promote the concentration of C in austenite and suppress the formation of a carbide and thus have the function of promoting the formation of residual austenite. When a total of Al and Si added is less than about 0.6%, sufficient ferrite or residual γ cannot be obtained, thereby significantly decreasing ductility. Even when Al is added in an amount of less than about 0.1% and Si is added up to an upper limit, the total of Al+Si is less than about 0.6%. On the other hand, when the Al amount exceeds about 2%, the amount of the inclusion in the steel sheet is increased, deteriorating ductility. Therefore, the Al amount is in the range of about 0.1 to about 2%, and Si+Al≧0.6% is satisfied.
Al≦(1.25×C^0.5−0.57×Si+0.625×Mn) %
When the Al content exceeds (1.25×C^0.5−0.57×Si+0.625×Mn) %, scabs easily occur in hot rolling. Therefore, the Al amount satisfies Al≦(1.25×C^0.5−0.57×Si+0.625×Mn) %.
N: Less than about 0.005%
(0.0006×Al) %≦N≦(0.0058−0.0026×Al) %
N is an important element and causes deterioration in the anti-secondary work embrittlement when the amount of AlN precipitate is increased with an increase in the N amount. To avoid such deterioration in the anti-secondary work embrittlement, the N amount is limited to less than about 0.005%, and the relational expression, (0.0006×Al)≦N≦(0.0058−0.0026×Al) %, is satisfied. When the N amount is about 0.005% or more, AlN excessively precipitates, causing cracking in a slab. Therefore, the N amount is less than about 0.005%. Usually, the N amount is preferably about 0.001 to less than about 0.005%. Cr, V, Mo: each about 1% or less
Cr, V, and Mo have the function of suppressing the formation of pearlite in cooling from an annealing temperature and thus can be added according to demand. When the amount of each of these elements is about 1% or less, appropriate steel sheet strength is obtained, and ductility and adhesion of zinc plating are little adversely affected. Therefore, when Cr, V, and Mo are added, the amount of each of the elements is preferably about 1% or less. In general, the amount is preferably about 0.01 to 1% and more preferably about 0.01 to about 0.5%.
Ti, Nb: Each about 0.1% or Less
Ti and Nb are effective in precipitation strengthening of steel and can thus be added according to demand. However, when the amount of each of Ti and Nb is about 0.1% or less, formability and shape fixability can be easily maintained. Therefore, when Ti and Nb are added, the amount of each of the elements is preferably about 0.1% or less. In general, the amount is preferably about 0.01 to about 0.1% and more preferably about 0.01 to about 0.05%.
B: about 0.005% or Less
B is effective in strengthening steel and can thus be added according to demand. When the B amount is about 0.005% or less, an increase in strength can be easily controlled, thereby achieving excellent formability. Therefore, when B is added, the amount is preferably about 0.005% or less. In general, the amount is preferably about 0.0001 to about 0.005% and more preferably about 0.0001 to about 0.003%.
Ni: about 1% or Less
Ni is an austenite stabilizing element which causes austenite to remain and is effective in increasing strength, and thus can be added according to demand. When the Ni amount is about 1% or less, ductility of a steel sheet can be easily increased. Therefore, when Ni is added, the amount is preferably about 1% or less. In general, the amount is preferably about 0.01 to about 1%.
Ca and REM: at Least One in Total of about 0.01% or Less
“REM” represents at least one of the rare earth elements. Ca and REM have the function of controlling the form of sulfide inclusions and thus have the effect of improving elongation and stretch flange formability of a steel sheet, and thus can be added according to demand. When the total of these elements exceeds about 0.01%, these effects are saturated. Therefore, when Ca and REM are added, the total of at least one of the elements is preferably about 0.01% or less. In general, the total is preferably about 0.001 to about 0.01% and more preferably about 0.001 to about 0.005%.
Besides the above-described elements and Fe in the balance, various impurities in the production process and trace amounts of essential elements in the production process are inevitably mixed. However, these inevitable impurities are permissible as long as they have no particular influence on the disclosed advantage.
From the viewpoint of anti-secondary work embrittlement, it is preferable to satisfy the relational expression, (−10×C+5×Si−Mn+6×Al) %≧−0.5. Although details of reasons for this are not completely understood, a conceivable reason is that to suppress coarsening of austenite grains at a high temperature due to a decrease in the Ac₃point, a decrease in Ac₃point due to the addition of C and Mn and an increase in Ac₃point due to the addition of Si and Al are balanced by satisfying the above range, thereby improving the anti-secondary work embrittlement.
Next, the metal structure of the steel sheet will be described.
Residual Austenite Phase: Volume Ratio of about 3 to about 20%
The strain-induced transformation of a residual austenite phase is effectively utilized so that excellent surface appearance and anti-secondary work embrittlement and not only high strength but also high ductility can be imparted to the alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet as a final product. Therefore, it is very important to control the volume ratio of the residual austenite. From the viewpoint of securing high ductility, the ratio of the residual austenite phase is preferably about 3% or more. On the other hand, when the ratio of the residual austenite phase is about 20% or less, the formation of martensite after forming is suppressed, and thus such a ratio is suitable in view of brittleness. Therefore, the ratio of the residual austenite phase is preferably about 20% or less. The metal structure of a steel sheet used as the alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet includes a ferrite main phase and a residual austenite phase as a second phase. However, the volume ratio of the ferrite phase is preferably about 40 to about 90% from the viewpoint of securing high ductility. Examples of a metal structure other than the residual austenite phase in the second phase include a bainite phase, a martensite phase and/or a pearlite phase. The total volume ratio of these phases is preferably about 7 to about 50%. The average grain size of the ferrite main phase is preferably about 15 μm or less because the anti-secondary work embrittlement can be easily improved.
Next, a preferred method of producing the alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet will be described.
Steel satisfying the conditions of the above composition is continuously cast to form a cast slab, and then the cast slab is hot-rolled and cold-rolled to prepare a steel sheet. However, the conditions for these processes are not particularly limited. Then, in a continuous galvanizing line, the steel sheet is annealed by holding in a temperature range of about 730° C. to about 900° C. for about 60 to about 300 seconds, cooled at about 3 to about 100° C./s, held in a temperature range of about 350° C. to about 600° C. for about 30 to about 250 seconds, hot-dip galvanized, and then alloyed at about 470° C. to about 600° C.
In the production method, excellent surface appearance and anti-secondary work embrittlement and not only high strength but also high ductility can be imparted to the alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet as the final product.
Each of the production conditions will be described in further detail below.
Annealing Temperature: about 730 to about 900° C.
Holding Time: about 60 to about 300 Seconds
Annealing is performed in the austenite region or intercritical region including an austenite phase and a ferrite phase. When the annealing temperature is about 730° C. or more and the holding time is about 60 seconds or more, it is easy to dissolve a carbide in the steel sheet, completely recrystallize ferrite, and impart ductility. On the other hand, when the annealing temperature is about 900° C. or less, coarsening of austenite grains is suppressed, and the number of ferrite nucleation sites formed from the second phase by subsequent cooling is easily increased. Further, when the holding time is about 300 seconds or less, coarsening of AlN is suppressed, and the anti-secondary work embrittlement is easily improved. Therefore, the annealing temperature is about 730 to about 900° C., and the holding time is about 60 to about 300 seconds.
Cooling Rate: about 3 to about 100° C./s
When the cooling rate is about 3° C./s or more, precipitation of pearlite is suppressed, dissolved Carbon content in untransformed austenite tends to increase, and thus the intended metal structure (residual austenite phase) can be easily obtained. When the cooling rate is about 100° C./s or less, growth of ferrite is promoted to increase the volume ratio of ferrite, and thus sufficient ductility can be easily secured. Therefore, the cooling rate is preferably about 3 to about 100° C./s. Although the scope of our disclosure includes a case in which the cooling rate changes during cooling, the average cooling rate is preferably about 10° C./s or more and more preferably over about 20° C./s from the viewpoint of productivity.
Holding Temperature Range: about 350° C. to about 600° C.
When the holding temperature is about 600° C. or less, precipitation of a carbide in untransformed austenite is suppressed. When the holding temperature is about 350° C. or more, precipitation of a carbide in bainitic ferrite due to lower bainite transformation is suppressed to easily form stable residual austenite. Therefore, the holding temperature is preferably about 350° C. to about 600° C. In order to stably produce residual austenite, the holding temperature is preferably about 500° C. or less.
Holding Time: about 30 to about 250 Seconds
The holding time pays a very important role for controlling residual austenite. Namely, when the holding time is about 30 seconds or more, stabilization of untransformed austenite proceeds, and thus the amount of residual austenite is easily secured, easily obtaining desired properties. On the other hand, when the holding time is about 250 seconds or less, line speed need not be extremely decreased even in a CGL line where austempering cannot be performed for a long time, thereby causing an advantage of productivity. Therefore, the holding time is about 30 to about 250 seconds. The holding time is preferably about 70 seconds or more in order to stably secure residual austenite and preferably about 200 seconds or less from the viewpoint of productivity.
Alloying Temperature: about 470° C. to about 600° C.
The alloying temperature after hot-dip galvanization must be higher than the plating bath temperature, and the lower limit is about 470° C. When the alloying temperature is about 600° C. or less, like in the case where the holding temperature is about 600° C. or less, precipitation of a carbide in untransformed austenite is suppressed, and thus stable residual austenite can be easily obtained. Therefore, the alloying temperature is about 470° C. to about 600° C.
In the production method, the specified annealing temperature, holding temperature, and alloying temperature need not be constant as long as they are in the above-respective ranges. The plating conditions may be in a usual operation range, i.e., coating weight may be about 20 to about 70 g/m², and the amount of Fe in a plating layer may be about 6 to about 15%.

EXAMPLES

Example 1

Effect of Composition of Steel Sheet

Molten steel having each of the compositions shown in Table 1 was prepared by a converter and continuously cast to form a cast slab. The resulting slab was heated to 1250° C. and then hot-rolled at a finish rolling temperature of 900° C. to prepare a hot-rolled steel sheet having a thickness of 3.0 mm. The hot-rolled steel sheet produced as described above was visually observed for the occurrence of scabs. The presence of scabs is shown in Table 2.
After hot-rolling, the hot-rolled steel sheet was pickled and further cold-rolled to prepare a cold-rolled steel sheet having a thickness of 1.2 mm. Then, in a continuous galvanizing line, each cold-rolled steel sheet was annealed at 820° C., cooled at a rate of 10° C./s, galvanized with coating weight of 50/50 g/m²by a zinc plating bath at 460° C., and then alloyed at 520° C. to prepare an alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet.
Since the surface appearance of an alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet are significantly inhibited by scabs, cracking in a slab, and plating defects, the surface appearance of the alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheets are also shown in Table 2. Good surface appearance represent a state in which a final product has a uniform surface with beauty without defects, and poor surface appearance represent a state in which surface defects such as scabs or non-plating occur.
Further, each of the resulting alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheets was temper-rolled of 0.5%, and mechanical properties were examined. As the mechanical properties, tensile strength (TS) and elongation (El) were measured using a JIS No. 5 tensile specimen obtained from each steel sheet in a direction perpendicular to the rolling direction. The measured values and values of TS×El are also shown in Table 2.
The anti-secondary work embrittlement was evaluated by the following method:

- A cylindrical sheet having a diameter of 95 mm was obtained from each of the resulting alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheets and then formed into a cylindrical cup having a diameter of 50 mm by deep drawing at a drawing ratio of 1.9. The edge of each of the cylindrical cups was trimmed to prepare a sample having a height of 30 mm. Then, the sample was placed on a truncated cone-shaped mold with a tip of 60° so that the bottom faced upward, and the whole of a tester was cooled to a predetermined temperature. After holding for a predetermined time, a load was applied to the sample from above, and a critical temperature (longitudinal crack transition temperature) where a brittle crack occurred in the side wall of the cylindrical cup was determined. The critical temperature was used as an index for anti-secondary work embrittlement, for evaluating the steel sheets obtained from steel Nos. 1-A to 1-Z. The results are also shown in Table 2.
- The alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheets obtained from steel Nos. 1-A to 1-N satisfying our compositions were excellent in surface appearance and anti-secondary work embrittlement. However, the alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheets obtained from steel Nos. 1-O to 1-V, 1-Y, and 1-Z were inferior in one or both of the surface appearance and the anti-secondary work embrittlement. Steel No. 1-W having a low C content had insufficient strength, and the alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet obtained from steel No. 1-X having a small total of Al+Si showed insufficient elongation (El).

The above-mentioned results indicate that an alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet obtained from steel satisfying our conditions has excellent surface appearance, high strength, and excellent anti-secondary work embrittlement.

Example 2

Effect of Composition of Steel Sheet and Residual Austenite

Molten steel having each of the compositions shown in Table 3 was prepared by a converter and a hot-rolled steel sheet having a thickness of 3.0 mm was prepared by the same method as in Example 1. The hot-rolled steel sheet produced as described above was visually observed for the occurrence of scabs. The presence of scabs is shown in Tables 4-1 and 4-2.
After hot-rolling, the hot-rolled steel sheet was pickled and further cold-rolled to prepare a cold-rolled steel sheet having a thickness of 1.2 mm. Then, in a continuous galvanizing line, each cold-rolled steel sheet was heat-treated under the conditions shown in Tables 4-1 and 4-2, plated at 50/50 g/m², and then alloyed to prepare an alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet.
Like in Example 1, the surface appearances of the resulting alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheets are also shown in Tables 4-1 and 4-2.
Further, each of the resulting alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheets was measured with respect to tensile strength (TS) and elongation (El) by the same method as in Example 1. The measured values and values of TS×El are also shown in Tables 4-1 and 4-2.
With respect to the anti-secondary work embrittlement, a critical temperature (longitudinal crack transition temperature) where a brittle crack occurred in the side wall of a cylindrical cup was determined by the same method as in Example 1. The critical temperature was used as an index for the anti-secondary work embrittlement, for evaluating steel sheets of Invention Examples 2-1 to 2-28 and Comparative Examples 2-29 to 2-38. The results are also shown in Tables 4-1 and 4-2.
Tables 3, 4-1, and 4-2 indicate that in the alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheets obtained from steel Nos. 2-S, 2-U to 2-W, and 2-Y not satisfying any one of the N amount of less than 0.005%, Al≦(1.25×C^0.5−0.57×Si+0.625×Mn) %, and the Si amount of 0.5% or less, the surface appearance were deteriorated. In addition, in the alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheets obtained from steel Nos. 2-Q to 2-U not satisfying (0.0006×Al) %≦N≦(0.0058−0.0026×Al) %, the anti-secondary work embrittlement was deteriorated.
Further, Tables 4-1 and 4-2 indicate that in the alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheets of Invention Examples 2-2, 2-5, 2-8, 2-12, 2-14, 2-19, 2-20, 2-25, and 2-28 containing small amounts of residual austenite, both the elongation and the values of TS×El are low, but these steel sheets have excellent surface appearance and anti-secondary work embrittlement and high tensile strength (TS). On the other hand, in the alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheets of Comparative Examples 2-29 to 2-38, any one of the surface appearance, anti-secondary work embrittlement, and tensile strength (TS) is deteriorated.
Since the alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheets of Invention Examples 2-1, 2-3, 2-4, 2-6, 2-7, 2-9 to 2-11, 2-13, 2-15 to 2-18, 2-21 to 2-24, 2-26, and 2-27 were produced under the preferred production conditions and satisfied the condition of the amount of residual austenite, these steel sheets have not only excellent surface appearance and anti-secondary work embrittlement and high tensile strength but also high elongation (El) and high values of TS×El.

Example 3

Effects of Composition of Steel Sheet and Residual Austenite, and Cracking in Slab

Molten steel having each of the compositions shown in Table 5 was prepared by a converter and continuously cast to form a cast slab. The occurrence of cracking in the slab is shown in Tables 6-1 and 6-2. The occurrence of cracking was determined by visual observation as well as color check after the slab was cooled to room temperature.
The resulting slab was heated to 1250° C. and then hot-rolled at a finish rolling temperature of 900° C. to prepare a hot-rolled steel sheet having a thickness of 3.0 mm. The hot-rolled steel sheet produced as described above was visually observed for the occurrence of scabs. The presence of scabs is shown in Tables 6-1 and 6-2.
After hot-rolling, the hot-rolled steel sheet was pickled and further cold-rolled to prepare a cold-rolled steel sheet having a thickness of 1.2 mm. Then, in a continuous galvanizing line, each cold-rolled steel sheet was heat-treated under the conditions shown in Tables 6-1 and 6-2, plated at 50/50 g/m², and then alloyed so that the Fe amount in the plating layer was 9%.
Further, each of the resulting alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheets was measured with respect to tensile strength (TS) and elongation (El) by the same method as in Example 1. The measured values and values of TS×El are also shown in Tables 6-1 and 6-2.
Table 6-1 indicates that the alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheets of Invention Examples 3-5 and 3-8 to 3-19 satisfying our steel sheet compositions cause no cracking in the slabs and no scabs in the hot-rolled steel sheets and have excellent surface appearance. Also, the anti-secondary work embrittlement and tensile strength are excellent.
On the other hand, in the alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheets Comparative Examples 3-1 to 3-4, 3-6, 3-7, and 3-20 to 3-30 not satisfying any one of the steel sheet components, i.e., the N amount, (0.0006×Al) %≦N≦(0.0058-0.0026×Al) %, and Al≦(1.25×C^0.5−0.57×Si+0.625×Mn) %, a problem occurred in at least one of deterioration in the surface appearance due to cracking in the slabs, scabs in the hot-rolled steel sheets, or non-plating, and the anti-secondary work embrittlement. Comparative Example 3-30 also had low tensile strength (TS).
In particular, as shown in Comparative Example 3-31 in Table 6-2, steel 3-W containing a large amount of Mn exhibits a significant increase in strength but very low elongation. Further, as shown in Comparative Example 3-32 in Table 6-2, steel 3-X having a small total of Al+Si exhibits very low elongation for strength and a low value of TS×El.
Since the alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheets of Invention Examples 3-5, 3-8, 3-11, 3-12, and 3-15 to 3-18 satisfy the preferred production conditions, these steel sheets have appropriate amounts of residual austenite and have not only excellent surface appearance and anti-secondary work embrittlement and high strength but also high elongation (El) and high values of TS×El.

									Ti, Nb, B,		Al + Si	0.0006Al	0.0026Al	Mn
Steel	C	Si	Mn	P	S	Al	N	Mo, V, Cr,	Ni	Ca, REM	(mass %)	(mass %)	(mass %)	(mass %)

1-A	0.15	0.21	2.1	0.016	0.0018	0.9	0.0025	—	B: 0.0005	—	1.1	0.0005	0.0035	1.68
1-B	0.09	0.01	2.4	0.029	0.0010	1.5	0.0012	Mo: 0.1,	—	Ca: 0.001	1.5	0.0009	0.0019	1.87
								V: 0.005
1-C	0.11	0.41	1.8	0.008	0.0025	1.0	0.0023	—	Nb: 0.02	—	1.4	0.0006	0.0032	1.36
1-D	0.17	0.28	1.7	0.009	0.0003	0.7	0.0030	Cr: 0.3	—	—	1.0	0.0004	0.0040	1.42
1-E	0.16	0.45	1.6	0.031	0.0017	0.5	0.0036	Cr: 0.3	—	—	1.0	0.0003	0.0045	1.24
1-F	0.12	0.16	1.5	0.012	0.0036	1.2	0.0018	Cr: 0.1,	Ni: 0.1	—	1.4	0.0007	0.0027	1.28
								V: 0.01
1-G	0.11	0.30	1.8	0.022	0.0008	1.0	0.0028	Cr: 0.3	—	—	1.3	0.0006	0.0032	1.37
1-H	0.23	0.37	1.9	0.008	0.0014	1.3	0.0021	—	Ti: 0.02	REM: 0.002	1.7	0.0008	0.0024	1.58
1-I	0.12	0.05	1.8	0.022	0.0019	0.8	0.0032	Cr: 0.3	—	—	0.9	0.0005	0.0037	1.53
1-J	0.13	0.18	1.5	0.007	0.0024	1.1	0.0022	—	—	Ca: 0.002	1.3	0.0007	0.0029	1.29
1-K	0.12	0.27	1.6	0.011	0.0009	0.7	0.0018	Cr: 0.3	—	—	1.0	0.0004	0.0040	1.28
1-L	0.10	0.36	1.8	0.015	0.0028	0.4	0.0035	—	Nb: 0.03	REM: 0.003	0.8	0.0002	0.0048	1.32
1-M	0.19	0.24	2.4	0.008	0.0011	0.8	0.0013	Cr: 0.2	Ni: 0.05	—	1.0	0.0005	0.0037	1.91
1-N	0.12	0.40	2.3	0.016	0.0003	0.5	0.0027	V: 0.005	B: 0.002	—	0.9	0.0003	0.0045	1.64
1-O	0.20	0.02	2.0	0.009	0.0041	1.2	0.0030	Mo: 0.45	—	Ca: 0.003	1.2	0.0007	0.0027	1.80
1-P	0.10	0.01	1.2	0.008	0.0028	0.8	0.0044	V: 0.1	Ti: 0.01	REM: 0.005	0.8	0.0005	0.0037	1.14
1-Q	0.15	0.01	2.0	0.023	0.0014	1.7	0.0009	Mo: 0.2	—	—	1.7	0.0010	0.0014	1.73
1-R	0.12	0.12	2.0	0.013	0.0009	0.8	0.0045	—	Ti: 0.02,	—	0.9	0.0005	0.0037	1.61
									B: 0.0005
1-S	0.08	0.35	2.1	0.009	0.0029	1.7	0.0012	Cr: 0.2	—	—	2.1	0.0010	0.0014	1.47
1-T	0.17	0.01	2.2	0.015	0.0016	1.0	0.0054	—	Ti: 0.4	—	1.0	0.0006	0.0032	1.88
1-U	0.11	0.21	1.4	0.011	0.0020	0.9	0.0056	—	Nb: 0.01,	—	1.1	0.0005	0.0035	1.17
									B: 0.003
1-V	0.12	0.43	1.6	0.012	0.0033	1.3	0.0051	—	—	—	1.7	0.0008	0.0024	1.19
1-W	0.03	0.42	2.0	0.002	0.0008	0.8	0.0032	V: 0.05	—	Ca: 0.003	1.2	0.0005	0.0037	1.23
1-X	0.11	0.13	1.7	0.010	0.0032	0.3	0.0041	—	Ni: 0.2	—	0.4	0.0002	0.0050	1.40
1-Y	0.15	0.80	1.9	0.008	0.0002	1.1	0.0031	Cr: 0.2,	—	—	1.9	0.0007	0.0029	1.22
								Mo: 0.1
1-Z	0.13	0.24	0.5	0.012	0.0041	1.2	0.0011	—	—	—	1.4	0.0007	0.0027	0.63

Underline: out of the range of the present invention.

	TABLE 2

	Alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet

Scabs of

Mechanical properties

Anti-secondary

	hot-rolled	Surface	TS	EI	TS × EI (MPa	work
Steel	steel sheet	appearance*¹	(MPa)	(%)	%)	embrittlement*²	Remarks

1-A	No	◯	794	26.3	20874	⊙	Invention Example
1-B	No	◯	849	25.9	22022	⊙	Invention Example
1-C	No	◯	740	29.9	22134	⊙	Invention Example
1-D	No	◯	817	28.2	23039	⊙	Invention Example
1-E	No	◯	793	27.0	21411	⊙	Invention Example
1-F	No	◯	650	32.7	21224	⊙	Invention Example
1-G	No	◯	652	32.8	21386	⊙	Invention Example
1-H	No	◯	921	24.9	22946	⊙	Invention Example
1-I	No	◯	621	34.1	21176	⊙	Invention Example
1-J	No	◯	567	37.0	20979	⊙	Invention Example
1-K	No	◯	670	31.9	21373	⊙	Invention Example
1-L	No	◯	659	29.5	19434	◯	Invention Example
1-M	No	◯	996	20.4	20334	◯	Invention Example
1-N	No	◯	906	22.0	19903	◯	Invention Example
1-O	No	◯	1002	20.8	20875	X	Comparative Example
1-P	No	◯	390	50.3	19617	X	Comparative Example
1-Q	No	◯	868	26.3	22819	X	Comparative Example
1-R	No	◯	727	27.2	19760	X	Comparative Example
1-S	Present	X	875	27.9	24444	⊙	Comparative Example
1-T	No	X	1450	13.8	20031	X	Comparative Example
1-U	No	X	678	30.3	20588	X	Comparative Example
1-V	Prsent	X	684	33.9	23233	X	Comparative Example
1-W	No	◯	479	31.7	15177	⊙	Comparative Example
1-X	No	◯	618	20.8	12854	◯	Comparative Example
1-Y	No	X	1006	24.1	24205	X	Comparative Example
1-Z	Present	X	424	36.8	15603	⊙	Comparative Example

Underline: out of the range of the present invention.
*¹◯ indicates a galvanized steel sheet with good surface appearance, and X indicates a galvanized steel sheet with poor surface appearance.
*²⊙ incidates a longitudinal crack transition temperature of less than −70° C., ◯ incidates a longitudinal crack transition temperature of −70 to −40° C., and X incidates a longitudinal crack transition temperature of over −40° C.

								Mo, V,	Ti, Nb, B,		Al + Si	0.0006Al	0.0026Al	Mn
Steel	C	Si	Mn	P	S	Al	N	Cr,	Ni	Ca, REM	(mass %)	(mass %)	(mass %)	(mass %)

2-A	0.10	0.13	1.9	0.012	0.0010	0.8	0.0035	Mo: 0.1	—	—	0.9	0.0005	0.0037	1.51
2-B	0.12	0.01	1.7	0.014	0.0003	0.8	0.0025	Cr: 0.3	—	—	0.8	0.0005	0.0037	1.49
2-C	0.20	0.35	2.0	0.009	0.0017	1.5	0.0012	—	—	REM: 0.002	1.9	0.0009	0.0019	1.61
2-D	0.10	0.33	1.6	0.029	0.0009	1.0	0.0020	—	Nb: 0.01	Ca: 0.003	1.3	0.0006	0.0032	1.21
2-E	0.17	0.01	1.7	0.031	0.0008	1.0	0.0017	Cr: 0.3	—	—	1.0	0.0006	0.0032	1.57
2-F	0.12	0.24	1.7	0.019	0.0020	0.7	0.0031	—	Nb: 0.02	—	0.9	0.0004	0.0040	1.36
2-G	0.16	0.15	1.8	0.023	0.0036	1.2	0.0018	Cr: 0.3	Ti: 0.01	REM: 0.001	1.4	0.0007	0.0027	1.54
2-H	0.08	0.01	2.3	0.008	0.0014	1.7	0.0012	V: 0.1	—	Ca: 0.002	1.7	0.0010	0.0014	1.79
2-I	0.12	0.05	1.7	0.028	0.0023	1.0	0.0016	Cr: 0.3	—	—	1.1	0.0006	0.0032	1.47
2-J	0.17	0.32	1.7	0.009	0.0008	0.7	0.0032	Cr: 0.3	—	—	1.0	0.0004	0.0040	1.40
2-K	0.12	0.26	1.0	0.016	0.0011	0.7	0.0036	—	Ti: 0.2,	REM: 0.003	1.0	0.0004	0.0040	0.91
									B: 0.002
2-L	0.11	0.28	1.6	0.005	0.0024	0.7	0.0030	Cr: 0.3	—	—	1.0	0.0004	0.0040	1.25
2-M	0.16	0.17	2.3	0.012	0.0015	1.3	0.0023	Mo: 0.2	Ni: 0.1	—	1.5	0.0008	0.0024	1.84
2-N	0.09	0.31	1.8	0.025	0.0031	0.4	0.0044	Cr: 0.1	Nb: 0.01	—	0.7	0.0002	0.0048	1.32
2-O	0.15	0.07	2.1	0.008	0.0011	0.8	0.0032	—	—	—	0.9	0.0005	0.0037	1.76
2-P	0.12	0.18	2.5	0.014	0.0008	0.7	0.0027	V: 0.1	Ti: 0.01	—	0.9	0.0004	0.0040	1.89
2-Q	0.17	0.01	2.3	0.026	0.0013	1.8	0.0008	Cr: 0.2	—	—	1.8	0.0011	0.0011	1.95
								Mo: 0.1
2-R	0.08	0.28	1.9	0.011	0.0002	0.7	0.0042	Cr: 0.3	B: 0.002	—	1.0	0.0004	0.0040	1.38
2-S	0.10	0.03	1.7	0.023	0.0003	1.3	0.0057	—	—	—	1.3	0.0008	0.0024	1.44
2-T	0.14	0.01	2.0	0.010	0.0016	1.2	0.0031	—	Ni: 0.05	Ca: 0.002	1.2	0.0007	0.0027	1.71
2-U	0.12	0.33	1.7	0.009	0.0026	1.5	0.0041	Mo: 0.1	B: 0.001	—	1.8	0.0009	0.0019	1.31
2-V	0.10	0.42	1.6	0.018	0.0011	1.3	0.0015	—	Ti: 0.01,	—	1.7	0.0008	0.0024	1.16
									Nb: 0.01
2-W	0.14	0.90	1.8	0.036	0.0034	0.2	0.0047	Cr: 0.2,	—	—	1.1	0.0001	0.0053	1.08
								V: 0.005
2-X	0.02	0.13	2.2	0.014	0.0010	1.3	0.0021	—	Ti: 0.01	—	1.4	0.0008	0.0024	1.48
2-Y	0.11	0.28	0.4	0.008	0.0160	1.0	0.0026	Mo: 0.3	—	Ca: 0.001	1.3	0.0006	0.0032	0.50
2-Z	0.15	0.15	1.5	0.023	0.0003	0.2	0.0045	Cr: 0.2	—	REM: 0.001	0.4	0.0001	0.0053	1.34

Underline: out of the range of the present invention.

	TABLE 4-1

	Alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet
	Production condition

			Cool-
	Scabs of	Annealing	ing	Holding	Holding	Alloying

		hot-rolled	Temp.	Holding	rate	temp.	time	temp.
	Steel	steel sheet	(° C.)	time (s)	(° C./s)	(° C.)	(s)	(° C.)

Invention example 2-1	2-A	No	840	100	38	510	130	540
Invention example 2-2	2-A	No	830	80	30	470	20	550
Invention example 2-3	2-B	No	820	140	9	440	90	540
Invention example 2-4	2-B	No	830	140	11	440	50	540
Invention example 2-5	2-B	No	800	110	8	440	110	620
Invention example 2-6	2-C	No	790	220	19	500	100	540
Invention example 2-7	2-C	No	810	180	73	460	120	530
Invention example 2-8	2-C	No	800	200	25	650	130	540
Invention example 2-9	2-D	No	830	170	17	440	160	540
Invention example 2-10	2-E	No	800	110	18	420	90	540
Invention example 2-11	2-F	No	820	100	12	490	90	560
Invention example 2-12	2-F	No	800	30	11	510	100	540
Invention example 2-13	2-G	No	830	90	23	450	80	530
Invention example 2-14	2-G	No	700	100	20	430	100	530
Invention example 2-15	2-H	No	810	180	32	460	110	530
Invention example 2-16	2-H	No	830	120	44	410	120	540
Invention example 2-17	2-I	No	840	90	26	450	110	540
Invention example 2-18	2-J	No	820	150	11	420	90	550
Invention example 2-19	2-J	No	950	170	17	460	120	540
Invention example 2-20	2-J	No	800	120	2	400	100	530
Invention example 2-21	2-K	No	800	80	17	450	80	520
Invention example 2-22	2-L	No	840	110	36	470	110	530
Invention example 2-23	2-M	No	850	100	23	440	100	540
Invention example 2-24	2-N	No	830	200	10	480	170	530
Invention example 2-25	2-N	No	840	110	17	310	90	530
Invention example 2-26	2-O	No	780	180	32	420	140	530
Invention example 2-27	2-P	No	820	120	9	500	200	530
Invention example 2-28	2-P	No	850	100	180	520	160	540

Alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet

Mechanical properties

	Residual γ	Surface	TS	EI	TS × EI	Anti-secondary work
	(%)	appearance*¹	(MPa)	(%)	(MPa %)	embrittlement*²

Invention example 2-1	6.6	◯	668	29.7	19808	⊙
Invention example 2-2	1.5	◯	691	27.3	18864	⊙
Invention example 2-3	6.1	◯	630	33.9	21357	⊙
Invention example 2-4	4.2	◯	657	31.1	20433	⊙
Invention example 2-5	0.4	◯	621	28.7	17823	◯
Invention example 2-6	12.7	◯	898	26.3	23647	⊙
Invention example 2-7	12.5	◯	903	26.4	23839	⊙
Invention example 2-8	1.6	◯	752	24.2	18198	⊙
Invention example 2-9	4.9	◯	524	38.9	20384	⊙
Invention example 2-10	8.1	◯	786	27.8	21851	⊙
Invention example 2-11	7.8	◯	634	31.4	19935	⊙
Invention example 2-12	1.3	◯	490	31.3	15337	⊙
Invention example 2-13	10.2	◯	705	30.5	21497	⊙
Invention example 2-14	0.7	◯	553	30.3	16756	⊙
Invention example 2-15	11.5	◯	826	27.6	22819	⊙
Invention example 2-16	11.3	◯	820	28.5	23370	⊙
Invention example 2-17	7.7	◯	612	34.8	21198	⊙
Invention example 2-18	7.6	◯	788	30.0	23640	⊙
Invention example 2-19	2.3	◯	729	27.2	19829	⊙
Invention example 2-20	2.2	◯	515	31.7	16326	◯
Invention example 2-21	6.9	◯	832	24.1	20031	⊙
Invention example 2-22	8.5	◯	651	33.4	21743	⊙
Invention example 2-23	10.8	◯	1021	21.5	21990	⊙
Invention example 2-24	7.4	◯	634	30.1	19075	◯
Invention example 2-25	1.6	◯	506	31.8	16091	⊙
Invention example 2-26	8.1	◯	721	27.1	19521	◯
Invention example 2-27	7.0	◯	891	22.0	19648	◯
Invention example 2-28	2.1	◯	1024	10.8	11059	◯

*¹◯ indicates a galvanized steel sheet with good surface appearance, and X indicates a galvanized steel sheet with poor surface appearance.
*²⊙incidates a longitudinal crack transition temperature of less than −70° C., ◯ incidates a longitudinal crack transition temperature of −70 to −40° C., and X incidates a longitudinal crack transition temperature of over −40° C.

	TABLE 4-2

	Alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet
	Production condition

			Cool-
	Scab of hot-	Annealing	ing	Holding	Holding	Alloying

		rolled steel	Temp.	Holding	rate	temp.	time	temp.
	Steel	sheet	(° C.)	time (s)	(° C./s)	(° C.)	(s)	(° C.)

Comparative exmaple 2-29	2-Q	No	840	230	12	390	100	510
Comparative exmaple 2-30	2-R	No	820	110	29	460	80	540
Comparative exmaple 2-31	2-S	No	810	150	26	410	110	530
Comparative exmaple 2-32	2-T	No	780	210	16	530	120	530
Comparative exmaple 2-33	2-U	Present	830	120	40	460	100	530
Comparative exmaple 2-34	2-V	Present	850	90	15	400	180	540
Comparative exmaple 2-35	2-W	No	780	90	10	420	90	540
Comparative exmaple 2-36	2-X	No	780	120	12	510	120	540
Comparative exmaple 2-37	2-Y	Present	820	150	7	450	120	530
Comparative exmaple 2-38	2-Z	No	800	130	21	490	160	540

Alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet

Mechanical properties

Anti-secondary

	Residual γ	Surface	TS	EI	TS × EI	work
	(%)	appearance*¹	(MPa)	(%)	(MPa %)	embrittlement*²

Comparative exmaple 2-29	11.3	◯	1009	23.0	23217	X
Comparative exmaple 2-30	8.9	◯	826	24.4	20126	X
Comparative exmaple 2-31	9.7	X	583	36.6	21321	X
Comparative exmaple 2-32	9.1	◯	729	28.6	20827	X
Comparative exmaple 2-33	13.4	X	808	29.1	23552	X
Comparative exmaple 2-34	11.2	X	692	33.5	23185	⊙
Comparative exmaple 2-35	9.3	X	850	24.8	21098	⊙
Comparative exmaple 2-36	1.9	◯	383	40.9	15665	⊙
Comparative exmaple 2-37	2.3	X	510	33.5	17085	⊙
Comparative exmaple 2-38	1.2	◯	567	21.3	12077	◯

Underline: out of the range of the present invention.
*¹◯ indicates a galvanized steel sheet with good surface appearance, and X indicates a galvanized steel sheet with poor surface appearance.
*²⊙incidates a longitudinal crack transition temperature of less than −70° C., ◯ incidates a longitudinal crack transition temperature of −70 to −40° C., and X incidates a longitudinal crack transition temperature of over −40° C.

Mo, V,

Ti, Nb,

Al + Si

0.0006Al

0.0026Al

0.625Mn

Steel

C

Si

Mn

P

S

Al

N

Cr

B, Ni

Ca, REM

(mass %)

3-A	0.15	0.01	1.6	0.011	0.0020	1.4	0.0025	—	—	—	1.4	0.0008	0.0022	1.48
3-B	0.07	0.01	2.6	0.010	0.0025	1.7	0.0011	Cr: 0.3	—	—	1.7	0.0010	0.0014	1.95
3-C	0.20	0.02	2.0	0.009	0.0041	1.2	0.0030	Mo: 0.45	—	Ca: 0.003	1.2	0.0007	0.0027	1.80
3-D	0.10	0.01	1.2	0.008	0.0028	0.8	0.0044	V: 0.1	Ti: 0.01	REM: 0.005	0.8	0.0005	0.0037	1.14
3-E	0.12	0.20	2.2	0.012	0.0014	0.8	0.0025	—	Ti: 0.04	—	1.0	0.0005	0.0037	1.69
3-F	0.14	0.30	1.8	0.009	0.0008	1.0	0.0009	—	Nb: 0.05	—	1.3	0.0006	0.0032	1.42
3-G	0.16	0.45	1.8	0.007	0.0032	1.2	0.0022	—	B: 0.0020	—	1.7	0.0007	0.0027	1.37
3-H	0.08	0.10	2.2	0.012	0.0035	1.3	0.0020	Mo: 0.1,	—	—	1.4	0.0008	0.0024	1.67
								Cr: 0.2
3-I	0.23	0.50	1.8	0.010	0.0020	0.3	0.0043	—	Ni: 0.2	—	0.8	0.0002	0.0050	1.44
3-J	0.12	0.25	1.6	0.012	0.0018	0.7	0.0033	—	Nb: 0.02,	Ca: 0.003,	1.0	0.0004	0.0040	1.29
									B: 0.0020	REM: 0.003
3-K	0.16	0.01	1.9	0.014	0.0013	1.5	0.0015	Mo: 0.5	Ti: 0.01	Ca: 0.002	1.5	0.0009	0.0019	1.68
3-L	0.12	0.45	1.9	0.001	0.0015	0.25	0.0020	Cr: 0.2	—	REM: 0.002	0.7	0.0002	0.0052	1.36
3-M	0.18	0.01	2.1	0.010	0.0030	1.8	0.0035	—	—	—	1.8	0.0011	0.0011	1.84
3-N	0.08	0.30	2.0	0.008	0.0028	0.7	0.0055	Mo: 0.3	—	Ca: 0.002	1.0	0.0004	0.0040	1.43
3-O	0.13	0.60	1.9	0.023	0.0013	0.2	0.0053	—	Nb: 0.03	—	0.8	0.0001	0.0053	1.30
3-P	0.17	0.15	1.6	0.010	0.0016	1.2	0.0044	—	Ti: 0.02	—	1.4	0.0007	0.0027	1.43
3-Q	0.13	0.00	1.9	0.010	0.0036	1.8	0.0022	V: 0.1	Ti: 0.01,	REM: 0.003	1.8	0.0011	0.0011	1.64
									Nb: 0.02
3-R	0.12	0.01	1.4	0.021	0.0020	1.6	0.0040	—	—	—	1.6	0.0010	0.0016	1.30
3-S	0.07	0.30	1.2	0.010	0.0034	1.1	0.0035	Cr: 0.1	Nb: 0.01	—	1.4	0.0007	0.0029	0.91
3-T	0.13	0.01	1.8	0.011	0.0009	1.5	0.0030	—	Ti: 0.03	—	1.5	0.0009	0.0019	1.57
3-U	0.04	0.20	1.80	0.012	0.0042	1.4	0.0037	—	Ti: 0.02,	—	1.6	0.0008	0.0022	1.26
									Nb: 0.03
3-V	0.09	0.02	0.70	0.010	0.0025	1.0	0.0029	Mo: 0.3	Ti: 0.01	Ca: 0.002	1.0	0.0006	0.0032	0.80
3-W	0.12	0.10	3.50	0.011	0.0023	1.2	0.0018	Cr: 0.3	—	—	1.3	0.0007	0.0027	2.56
3-X	0.10	0.10	1.80	0.010	0.002	0.4	0.0032	—	—	—	0.5	0.0002	0.0048	1.46

Underline: out of the range of the present invention.

	TABLE 6-1

	Alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet
	Production condition

			Scrab of hot-	Annealing	Cooling	Holding	Holding	Alloying
		Cracking	rolled steel	temp.	rate	temp.	time	temp.
	Steel	in slab	sheet	(° C.)	(° C./s)	(° C.)	(s)	(° C.)

Invention example 3-5	3-B	No	No	800	33	400	110	510
Invention example 3-8	3-E	No	No	810	27	420	90	480
Invention example 3-9	3-E	No	No	700	22	460	100	530
Invention example 3-10	3-E	No	No	820	28	430	20	540
Invention example 3-11	3-F	No	No	810	43	370	220	510
Invention example 3-12	3-G	No	No	810	50	510	115	520
Invention example 3-13	3-G	No	No	800	2	410	105	520
Invention example 3-14	3-G	No	No	790	32	280	120	530
Invention example 3-15	3-H	No	No	850	16	420	80	520
Invention example 3-16	3-I	No	No	820	27	460	90	540
Invention example 3-17	3-J	No	No	810	44	390	150	500
Invention example 3-18	3-K	No	No	790	31	500	100	490
Invention example 3-19	3-L	No	No	820	22	640	90	520

Alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet

Mechanical properties

Anti-secondary

	Residual γ	Surface	TS	EI	TS × EI	work
	(%)	appearance*¹	(MPa)	(%)	(MPa %)	embrittlement*²

Invention example 3-5	10.9	◯	955	23.9	22823	⊙
Invention example 3-8	9.2	◯	817	24.6	20110	⊙
Invention example 3-9	0.6	◯	643	25.1	16139	⊙
Invention example 3-10	1.9	◯	824	21.3	17551	⊙
Invention example 3-11	9.1	◯	786	27.3	21447	⊙
Invention example 3-12	11.8	◯	886	25.9	22959	⊙
Invention example 3-13	2.6	◯	625	25.9	16188	⊙
Invention example 3-14	2	◯	837	18.8	15738	⊙
Invention example 3-15	10.4	◯	846	25.6	21649	⊙
Invention example 3-16	7.3	◯	879	22.8	20050	⊙
Invention example 3-17	8.7	◯	707	28.3	20008	⊙
Invention example 3-18	10.9	◯	996	22.1	22004	⊙
Invention example 3-19	1.4	◯	903	19.4	17518	⊙

*¹◯ indicates a galvanized steel sheet with good surface appearance, and X indicates a galvanized steel sheet with poor surface appearance.
*²⊙incidates a longitudinal crack transition temperature of less than −70° C., ◯ incidates a longitudinal crack transition temperature of −70 to −40° C., and X incidates a longitudinal crack transition temperature of over −40° C.

	TABLE 6-2

	Alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet
	Production condition

			Scrab of	Annealing	Cooling	Holding	Holding	Alloying
		Cracking	hot-rolled	temp.	rate	temp.	time	temp.
	Steel	in slab	steel sheet	(° C.)	(° C./s)	(° C.)	(s)	(° C.)

Comparative exmaple 3-1	3-A	No	No	820	25	430	85	520
Comparative exmaple 3-2	3-A	No	No	840	31	470	90	610
Comparative exmaple 3-3	3-A	No	No	920	18	440	90	530
Comparative exmaple 3-4	3-A	No	No	830	150	460	105	520
Comparative exmaple 3-6	3-C	No	No	840	26	480	160	510
Comparative exmaple 3-7	3-D	No	No	820	8	520	75	550
Comparative exmaple 3-20	3-M	Present	No	800	35	410	180	520
Comparative exmaple 3-21	3-M	Present	No	820	47	410	130	520
Comparative exmaple 3-22	3-N	Present	No	780	28	460	125	530
Comparative exmaple 3-23	3-O	Present	No	820	41	370	110	540
Comparative exmaple 3-24	3-P	Present	No	820	9	530	80	510
Comparative exmaple 3-25	3-Q	Present	Preesnt	840	36	420	130	500
Comparative exmaple 3-26	3-R	Present	Preesnt	800	12	400	85	530
Comparative exmaple 3-27	3-S	No	Preesnt	780	24	490	100	490
Comparative exmaple 3-28	3-T	Present	No	830	39	430	90	510
Comparative exmaple 3-29	3-U	Present	Preesnt	810	21	510	75	520
Comparative exmaple 3-30	3-V	No	Preesnt	830	27	410	75	550
Comparative exmaple 3-31	3-W	No	No	820	15	430	90	510
Comparative exmaple 3-32	3-X	No	No	820	48	420	120	520

Alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet

Mechanical properties

Anti-secondary

	Residual γ	Surface	TS	EI	TS × EI	work
	(%)	appearance*¹	(MPa)	(%)	(MPa %)	embrittlement*²

Comparative exmaple 3-1	10.2	◯	617	35.1	21646	X
Comparative exmaple 3-2	2.4	◯	599	27.9	15712	X
Comparative exmaple 3-3	8.1	◯	572	30.3	17332	X
Comparative exmaple 3-4	7.8	◯	654	28.2	18443	X
Comparative exmaple 3-6	12.3	◯	1002	20.8	20850	X
Comparative exmaple 3-7	3.2	◯	390	50.3	19632	X
Comparative exmaple 3-20	6.2	X	738	26.6	19631	X
Comparative exmaple 3-21	15.3	X	844	27.5	23198	X
Comparative exmaple 3-22	9.6	X	810	25.0	20247	X
Comparative exmaple 3-23	7.8	X	768	25.6	19662	⊙
Comparative exmaple 3-24	10.3	X	691	31.1	21484	X
Comparative exmaple 3-25	12.0	X	822	28.2	23193	X
Comparative exmaple 3-26	9.7	X	542	41.3	22394	X
Comparative exmaple 3-27	8.3	X	500	43.6	21809	X
Comparative exmaple 3-28	10.6	X	714	30.8	21990	X
Comparative exmaple 3-29	0.5	X	510	26.7	13617	X
Comparative exmaple 3-30	1.6	X	404	39.7	16039	⊙
Comparative exmaple 3-31	13.1	◯	1323	8.1	10716	⊙
Comparative exmaple 3-32	2.3	◯	538	23.6	12697	⊙

Underline: out of the range of the present invention.
*¹◯ indicates a galvanized steel sheet with good surface appearance, and X indicates a galvanized steel sheet with poor surface appearance.
*²⊙incidates a longitudinal crack transition temperature of less than −70° C., ◯ incidates a longitudinal crack transition temperature of −70 to −40° C., and X incidates a longitudinal crack transition temperature of over −40° C.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

An alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet causing no cracking in a slab in continuous casting, no scab in hot rolling, and no plating defect after hot-dip galvanizing and thus having excellent surface appearance can be obtained without passing through a complicated process. In addition, the alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet has both excellent anti-secondary work embrittlement and high strength, and is thus suitable as an automobile steel sheet and can widely contribute to the industrial field.

Component of steel (% by mass)

0.57Si + 0.625

1. An alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet comprising a composition containing about 0.05 to about 0.25 wt % of C, about 0.5 wt % or less of Si, about 1 to about 3 wt % of Mn, about 0.1 wt % or less of P, about 0.01 wt % or less of S, about 0.1 to about 2 wt % of Al, and less than about 0.005 wt % of N, and satisfying the relations, Si+Al≧0.6 wt %, (0.0006×Al) wt %≦N≦(0.0058−0.0026×Al) wt %, and Al≦(1.25×C^0.5−0.57×Si+0.625×Mn) wt %, the balance including Fe and inevitable impurities.

2. The alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet according to claim 1, wherein the composition further contains at least one element selected from the group consisting of about 1 wt % or less of Cr, about 1 wt % or less of V, and about 1 wt % or less of Mo.

3. The alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet according to claim 1, wherein the composition further contains at least one element selected from the group consisting of about 0.1 wt % or less of Ti, about 0.1 wt % or less of Nb, about 0.005 wt % or less of B, and about 1 wt % or less of Ni.

4. The alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet according to claim 2, wherein the composition further contains at least one element selected from the group consisting of about 0.1 wt % or less of Ti, about 0.1 wt % or less of Nb, about 0.005 wt % or less of B, and about 1 wt % or less of Ni.

5. The alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet according to claim 1, wherein the composition further contains at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ca and REM in a total of about 0.01 wt % or less.

6. The alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet according to claim 2, wherein the composition further contains at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ca and REM in a total of about 0.01 wt % or less.

7. The alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet according to claim 3, wherein the composition further contains at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ca and REM in a total of about 0.01 wt % or less.

8. The alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet according to claim 4, wherein the composition further contains at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ca and REM in a total of about 0.01 wt % or less.

9. The alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet according to claim 1, wherein the steel sheet has a metal structure containing a residual austenite phase at a volume ratio of about 3 to about 20%.

10. A method of producing an alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet, the method comprising casting, hot-rolling, and cold-rolling steel for a steel sheet having the composition according to claim 1, holding the steel at about 730° C. to about 900° C. for about 60 to about 300 seconds, cooling the steel at about 3 to about 100° C./s, further holding the steel at about 350° C. to about 600° C. for about 30 to about 250 seconds, hot-dip galvanizing the steel, and then alloying the steel at about 470° C. to about 600° C.