US20070227742A1 - Casing transition nipple and method of casing a well to facilitate well completion, re-completion and workover - Google Patents
Casing transition nipple and method of casing a well to facilitate well completion, re-completion and workover Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20070227742A1 US20070227742A1 US11/397,077 US39707706A US2007227742A1 US 20070227742 A1 US20070227742 A1 US 20070227742A1 US 39707706 A US39707706 A US 39707706A US 2007227742 A1 US2007227742 A1 US 2007227742A1
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- casing
- diameter
- production
- production casing
- well
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- 210000002445 nipple Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 20
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003466 anti-cipated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004936 stimulating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- JZUFKLXOESDKRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorothiazide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC2=C1NCNS2(=O)=O JZUFKLXOESDKRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010420 art technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001570 bauxite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001012 protector Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
- E21B17/02—Couplings; joints
- E21B17/08—Casing joints
Definitions
- This invention generally relates to hydrocarbon well completion, recompletion and workover and, in particular, to a casing transition nipple and method of casing a well to facilitate well completion, re-completion and workover.
- the servicing of oil and gas wells to stimulate production requires the pumping of fluids under high pressure.
- the fluids may be caustic and are frequently abrasive because they are laden with abrasive propants such as sharp sand, bauxite or ceramic granules.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a setup 10 for performing a well completion in accordance with the prior art techniques in which a long tool string (not shown), e.g. a tool string for perforating and stimulating production zones of the well in a single run, are lubricated into the cased well bore.
- a long tool string e.g. a tool string for perforating and stimulating production zones of the well in a single run
- a wellhead generally indicated by reference numeral 12 includes a casing head 14 supported by a conductor 16 .
- the casing head 14 supports a surface casing 18 .
- a tubing head spool 20 is mounted to the casing head 14 .
- the tubing head spool 20 supports a production casing 22 , which extends downwardly through the production zone(s) of the well.
- BOP blowout preventer
- frac cross 26 mounted to a top of the BOP.
- the purpose of the frac cross 26 is to permit well stimulation fluids to be pumped down the backside, i.e. down production casing 22 , and around a coil tubing 34 .
- lubricator joints 28 Mounted to a top of the frac cross 26 is one or more “lubricator joints” 28 .
- the lubricator joints house the downhole tool string (not shown), which is supported by the coil tubing string 34 , or a wire line (not shown).
- a coil tubing BOP 30 or a wire line BOP (not shown) is mounted to a top of the lubricator joints.
- Tubing rams of the coil tubing BOP seal around the coil tubing string 34 while the tool string is being run into and out of the well.
- wire line rams of a wire line BOP seal around a wire line as it is being run into or out of the well.
- a coil tubing injector 32 is mounted to a top of the coil tubing BOP 30 .
- the coil tubing injector 32 is used to run the coil tubing string 34 into and out of the production casing 22 in a manner well known in the art.
- the coil tubing string 34 is supplied from a coil tubing spool 36 , which is likewise well known in the art and may be mounted on a trailer or a truck.
- the setup 10 shown in FIG. 1 creates an equipment stack that extends 20 ′- 40 ′ from the ground.
- the setup 10 is in a normally assembled on the ground and place after its is assembled.
- the stays, work platforms, cranes and other equipment required to assemble, disassemble, operate, and maintain the setup 10 are not shown.
- setup 10 can be dangerous, because maintenance work must be performed on elevated work platforms high off the ground. As will be further understood, the setup 10 can also be dangerous because a great deal of mechanical bending and twisting stress is placed on the wellhead 12 and the lubricator 28 by the very high setup 10 , which acts as a lever when force is applied to a top of the set up 10 by operation of the coil tubing injector or 32 or the wire line unit (not shown).
- assembling the setup 10 is expensive because heavy hoisting equipment, such as an 80-ton crane, is required to hoist the equipment to those heights.
- the 80-ton crane must also be connected to a top of the set up 10 and used to counter force applied to the setup 10 by operation of the coil tubing injector 32 or the wire line unit.
- the 80-ton crane must therefore remain on the job during the entire well stimulation process. The rental of such hoisting equipment for an extended period of time is very expensive.
- the invention therefore provides a casing transition nipple, comprising: a tubular body having a top end adapted for fluid tight connection to a well casing of a fist diameter and a bottom end adapted for fluid tight connection to a well casing of a second, smaller diameter; and a smooth annular tool guide surface between the first and second ends, the tool guide surface sloping downwardly with respect to the top end.
- the invention further provides a method of casing a wellbore, comprising: running a production casing of a first diameter into the wellbore until a bottom end of the production casing of the first diameter is approximately a predetermined distance from a bottom of the wellbore; connecting a bottom end of a casing transition nipple to a top end of the production casing of the first diameter; connecting a bottom end of a production casing of a second, larger diameter to a top end of the casing transition nipple, the production casing of the second diameter having a length approximately equal to the predetermined distance; and suspending the production casing of the second, larger diameter from a wellhead of the well.
- the invention yet further provides a method of casing a wellbore of a predetermined depth, comprising: running a production casing of a first diameter into the wellbore to a depth less than the predetermined depth of the wellbore; connecting a bottom end of a casing transition nipple to a top end of the production casing of the first diameter; connecting a bottom end of a production casing of a second, larger diameter to a top end of the casing transition nipple; and running the production casing of the second, larger diameter into the wellbore until the wellbore is cased.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art setup for running a long downhole tool string into a production casing of a well in order to perform more than on function in a single run into the well;
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a well cased in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a well cased in accordance with another embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a well cased in accordance with yet another embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a well cased in accordance with yet a further embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the casing transition nipple shown in FIG. 2 ;
- FIG. 7 is a cross sectional schematic diagram of the casing transition nipple shown in FIG. 3 ;
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the casing transition nipple shown in FIG. 4 ;
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the casing transition nipple shown in the FIG. 5 ;
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a set up for lubricating a long downhole tool string into a well cased in accordance with the invention.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the set up shown in FIG. 10 , illustrating the long downhole tool string in a “lubricated-in” condition.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a setup in accordance with another embodiment of the invention illustrating the long downhole tool string in a lubricated in condition, the setup being configured to run the long downhole tool string into the well using a wire line unit.
- the invention provides a casing transition nipple and a method of casing a well in order to facilitate well competition, re-completion and workover.
- the casing transition nipple is used to interconnect a bottom end of at least one casing joint of a first diameter having a top end connected to the wellhead and a top end of a production casing of a second, smaller diameter that communicates with production zones of the well.
- a well cased in accordance with the invention facilitates many well completion, recompletion and workover procedures.
- the well cased in accordance with the invention facilitates the process of lubricating long downhole tool strings into the well and significantly reduces a distance that a coil tubing injector or a wire line unit is above the ground after the tool string has been lubricated into the well. This significantly reduces expense and improves safety by lowering working height and significantly reducing strain on the wellhead.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram partially in cross-section showing a well cased in accordance with the invention.
- the surface casing 18 is supported by a casing mandrel or casing slips 46 landed in a casing bowl, in a manner well known in the art. If the casing 18 is supported by casing slips, a top of the casing is cut off after the slips are set.
- a casing transition nipple 40 a connects an upper section of production casing 42 to a lower section of production casing 44 .
- the upper section of production casing 42 has a larger diameter than the lower section of production casing 44 .
- the upper section of production casing 42 may have a diameter of 6-8 inches.
- the lower section of production casing 44 is of a standard casing size, e.g. 41 ⁇ 2, 5 or 51 ⁇ 2 inches.
- a lower section of the production casing extends from the casing transition nipple 40 a to the bottom of the well.
- the upper section of production casing 42 has a length of 6-60 feet. It may be, for example, one joint of casing, which is typically 30 feet in length. However, the upper section of production casing 42 may be shorter or longer than 30 feet, depending on anticipated need.
- the casing transition nipple 48 is box threaded on each end as will be explained below in more detail with reference to FIG. 6 .
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram partially in cross-section showing a well cased in accordance with another embodiment of the invention.
- the upper section of production casing 42 and the lower section of production casing 44 are identical to that described above with reference to FIG. 2 .
- a casing transition nipple 40 b has a box end for connection to the upper section of production casing 42 and a nipple end for connection to the lower section of production casing 44 . Consequently, a casing collar 50 , commonly known in the art for connecting joints of casing, is used to connect the nipple end of the casing transition nipple 40 b to the lower section of the production casing 44 . This will be explained below in more detail with reference to FIG. 7 .
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram partially in cross-section showing a well cased in accordance with yet a further embodiment of the invention.
- the upper section of the production casing 42 and the lower section of the production casing 44 are the same as that described above with reference to FIG. 2 .
- the casing transition nipple 40 c is pin threaded for connection to the upper section of the production casing 42 and box threaded for connection to the lower section of the production casing 44 . Consequently, a casing collar 52 is used to connect the upper section of the production casing 42 to the transition nipple 40 c , as will be explained below in more detail with reference to FIG. 8 .
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram partially in cross-section showing a well cased in accordance with yet another embodiment of the invention.
- the upper section of the production casing for 42 and the lower section of the production casing 44 are the same as that described above with reference to FIG. 2 .
- the casing transition nipple 40 c is pin threaded for connection to the upper section of the production casing 42 and pin threaded for the connection of the lower section of the production casing 44 .
- a casing collar 52 is used to connect the upper section of the production casing 42 to the casing transition nipple 40 d
- a casing collar 50 is used to connect the lower section of the production casing 44 to the casing transition nipple 40 d , as will be explained below in more detail with reference to FIG. 9 .
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional schematic view of the casing transition nipple 40 a shown in FIG. 2 .
- the casing transition nipple 40 a has a top end 60 a for connection to the upper section of the production casing 42 .
- the casing transition nipple 40 a also has a bottom end 62 a for connection of the lower section of the production casing 44 .
- the casing transition nipple 40 a further includes a smooth, annular downwardly inclined tool guide surface 68 a .
- the tool guide surface 68 a is downwardly inclined at an angle of about 30°-60° from a plane that is perpendicular to the top end 60 a and the bottom and 62 a of the casing transition nipple 40 a.
- the upper end 60 a has a box thread 64 a , which engages a pin threaded end of the upper section of the production casing 42 .
- the box thread 64 a is shown schematically.
- casing is available in a plurality of thread patterns.
- casing may be threaded using a Buttress, Hydril, Acme, Rucker Atlas, EUE 8-round, EUE 10-round, EUE 8-V or EUE 10-V thread pattern, and this list is not exhaustive. It should therefore be understood that the thread pattern used to machine threads on any of the box threaded or pin threaded ends described above and below is purely a matter of design choice, and the schematically illustrated threads shown in FIGS.
- the bottom end 62 a likewise includes a box thread 66 a for direct connection of a pin threaded top end of the lower section of the production casing 44 .
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the casing transition nipple 40 b shown in FIG. 3 .
- the casing transition nipple 40 b is identical to the casing transition nipple 40 a described above with reference to FIG. 6 with the exception that the bottom end 62 b is pin threaded.
- a casing collar 50 is used to connect the lower section of production casing 44 to the pin thread 70 b of the casing transition nipple 40 b.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a casing transition nipple 40 c described above with reference to FIG. 4 .
- the casing transition nipple 40 c is the same as the casing transition nipple 40 a described above, with the exception that the top end 60 c is pin threaded and the bottom end 62 c is box threaded. Consequently, a casing collar 52 is used to connect the production casing 42 to the top end 60 c of the casing transition nipple 40 c . As explained above, the lower section of production casing 44 is connected directly to the box thread 66 c of the casing. transition nipple 40 c.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the casing transition nipple 40 d described above with reference to FIG. 5 .
- the casing transition nipple 40 d is the same as the casing transition nipple 40 a described above with reference to FIG. 6 with the exception that the top end 60 d is pin threaded and the bottom end 62 d is also pin threaded. Consequently, as described above with reference to FIG. 5 a casing collar 52 is used to connect the upper section of production casing 42 to the pin thread 72 d of the top end 60 d .
- a casing collar 50 is used to connect the lower section of production casing 44 to the pin thread 70 d of the bottom end 62 d of the casing transition nipple 40 d.
- any of the above the threaded connections may be made permanent using a thread glue such as Baker Lock®.
- any of the above connections may be welded connections, glued connections, or connections made using any one of a number of fluid tight quick-lock, screw-lock or other locking connectors that are known in the art.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic view partially in cross-section of a setup 100 for running a long downhole tool string 102 into a wellbore cased in accordance with the invention.
- a “long downhole tool string 102 ” means any one or more of a perforating gun; jetting tool; packer; plug; a selective acidizing and/or fracturing tool; a casing or tubing cutter; a fishing tool; a pulling tool; a grapple; etc. in any combination.
- the setup 100 is very similar to the setup 10 described above with reference to FIG. 1 , with the exception that the lubricator 28 a - c is replaced by a subsurface lubricator 104 that is schematically illustrated.
- the subsurface lubricator 104 is not described because it is not within the scope of this invention. None of the control structure for the subsurface lubricator 104 is illustrated for the purposes of clarity.
- the subsurface lubricator 104 is mounted to a top of the frac cross 26 , which is in turn mounted to a top of a blowout preventer 24 as described above with reference to FIG. 1 .
- blind rams 106 of the blowout preventer 24 are closed to seal an annulus of the upper section of the production casing 42 . Due to a length of the downhole tool string 102 , a height of the set up 100 is 20′-40′, similar to the set up 10 shown in FIG. 1 .
- the set up 100 is assembled on the ground in a manner to that described above with reference to FIG. 1 .
- the set up 100 may be hoisted into position using, for example, a coil tubing unit crane, because as will be explained below with reference to FIG. 11 , an 80-ton crane is not required to stabilize the setup 100 after it is “lubricated in”.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram partially in cross-section of the setup 100 after it has been lubricated into the wellbore cased in accordance with the invention.
- the subsurface lubricator 104 has been lowered down through the blowout preventer protector 24 and the wellhead 14 and into the upper section of the production casing 42 to a locked-down condition in which a well completion, recompletion or workover procedure is ready to be performed.
- a height of a top of the coil tubing injector 32 is about 15′-18′ above the ground, as opposed to about 40′ above the ground for the setup 10 shown in FIG. 1 .
- the setup 100 reduces cost because a crane is not required to stabilize the setup 100 after it is lubricated in.
- the setup 100 also significantly improves a work safety and facilitates equipment maintenance because of the reduced working height.
- mechanical bending and twisting stresses on the wellhead 14 are also significantly reduced. This is not only due to the reduced working height of the setup 100 , but also due to the subsurface lubricator 104 which runs inside the upper section of the production casing 42 and thereby lends significant rigidity to the wellhead components through which it is run.
- the setup 100 actually reinforces the wellhead and substantially eliminates any possibility that the wellhead could be damaged by the mechanical bending and twisting forces exerted by coil tubing or wireline units when long tool strings are lubricated into or out of the well.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram partially in cross-section of another setup 110 in accordance with the invention, showing the long downhole tool string 102 in a lubricated in condition.
- the setup 110 is configured to lower the long downhole tool string 102 into the wellbore cased in accordance with the invention using a wireline unit 106 , which is schematically illustrated.
- a wireline 84 of the wireline unit 106 runs over a wireline sheave 88 and through a grease injector 82 .
- the grease lines, pumps and other components of the grease injector 82 are not shown.
- the wireline 84 runs through a wireline BOP 80 and the frac cross 26 .
- the wireline 84 is connected to a top of the long downhole tool string 102 .
- the wireline sheave 88 is supported by a sheave boom 86 mounted to a side of the subsurface lubricator 104 , so that a crane is not required to support the wireline sheave 88 .
- the setup 110 provides all of the advantages described above with reference to the setup 100 .
- a wellbore cased in accordance with the invention therefore improves work safety, enables downhole operations that were heretofore impossible, impractical or excessively dangerous, and reduces cost by lowering the overall working height after a long downhole tool string has been lubricated into the cased well.
- the above-noted dimensions of the upper section of production casing 42 and the casing transition nipple 40 a are exemplary only.
- the dimensions of the upper section of the production casing 42 , a lower section of the production casing 44 and the casing transition nipple 40 a - d are, within certain limits, a matter of design choice. It is only important that the upper section of production casing 42 has an internal diameter large enough to accept a subsurface lubricator that provides full-bore access to the lower section of production casing 44 . A difference in the two diameters of about 11 ⁇ 2′′-31 ⁇ 2′′ is generally sufficient.
- a burst strength of a the upper section of production casing 42 be at least as high as a burst strength of the lower section of production casing 44 , or at least as high as anticipated well stimulation fluid pressures, plus a margin for safety.
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Abstract
Description
- This invention generally relates to hydrocarbon well completion, recompletion and workover and, in particular, to a casing transition nipple and method of casing a well to facilitate well completion, re-completion and workover.
- Most oil and gas wells require some form of stimulation to enhance hydrocarbon flow to make or keep them economically viable. The servicing of oil and gas wells to stimulate production requires the pumping of fluids under high pressure. The fluids may be caustic and are frequently abrasive because they are laden with abrasive propants such as sharp sand, bauxite or ceramic granules.
- It is well know that advances in coil tubing technology have generated an increased interest in using coil tubing during well completion, re-completion and workover procedures. Techniques have been developed over the years for pumping well fracturing fluids through coil tubing, or pumping “down the backside” around the coil tubing. Processes and equipment have also been developed for perforating casing and fracturing a production zone in a single operation, as described in Applicant's U.S. Pat. No. 6,491,098 entitled Method and Apparatus for Perforating and Stimulating Oil Wells, which issued on Dec. 10, 2002.
- Although performing two or more functions in a single run down a cased wellbore is economical and desirable, there is a disadvantage with using existing techniques for performing such operations. The principal disadvantage is the height of the equipment stack that is necessary for lubricating the required tool string into the well.
-
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of asetup 10 for performing a well completion in accordance with the prior art techniques in which a long tool string (not shown), e.g. a tool string for perforating and stimulating production zones of the well in a single run, are lubricated into the cased well bore. - As schematically illustrated in
FIG. 1 , a wellhead generally indicated byreference numeral 12 includes acasing head 14 supported by aconductor 16. Thecasing head 14 supports asurface casing 18. Atubing head spool 20 is mounted to thecasing head 14. Thetubing head spool 20 supports aproduction casing 22, which extends downwardly through the production zone(s) of the well. - Mounted to a top of the
tubing head spool 20 is a blowout preventer (BOP) 24 for controlling the well after theproduction casing 22 is perforated. Optionally mounted to a top of the BOP is a “frac cross” 26, also referred to as a fracturing head. The purpose of thefrac cross 26 is to permit well stimulation fluids to be pumped down the backside, i.e. downproduction casing 22, and around acoil tubing 34. - Mounted to a top of the
frac cross 26 is one or more “lubricator joints” 28. In this example threelubricator joints coil tubing string 34, or a wire line (not shown). Acoil tubing BOP 30 or a wire line BOP (not shown) is mounted to a top of the lubricator joints. Tubing rams of the coil tubing BOP seal around thecoil tubing string 34 while the tool string is being run into and out of the well. Likewise, wire line rams of a wire line BOP seal around a wire line as it is being run into or out of the well. Acoil tubing injector 32 is mounted to a top of thecoil tubing BOP 30. Thecoil tubing injector 32 is used to run thecoil tubing string 34 into and out of theproduction casing 22 in a manner well known in the art. Thecoil tubing string 34 is supplied from acoil tubing spool 36, which is likewise well known in the art and may be mounted on a trailer or a truck. - As is apparent, the
setup 10 shown inFIG. 1 creates an equipment stack that extends 20′-40′ from the ground. Thesetup 10 is in a normally assembled on the ground and place after its is assembled. For the sake of clarity, the stays, work platforms, cranes and other equipment required to assemble, disassemble, operate, and maintain thesetup 10 are not shown. - As will be understood by those skilled in the art, assembling and operating the
setup 10 can be dangerous, because maintenance work must be performed on elevated work platforms high off the ground. As will be further understood, thesetup 10 can also be dangerous because a great deal of mechanical bending and twisting stress is placed on thewellhead 12 and the lubricator 28 by the veryhigh setup 10, which acts as a lever when force is applied to a top of the set up 10 by operation of the coil tubing injector or 32 or the wire line unit (not shown). - As will also be appreciated by those skilled in the art, assembling the
setup 10 is expensive because heavy hoisting equipment, such as an 80-ton crane, is required to hoist the equipment to those heights. The 80-ton crane must also be connected to a top of the set up 10 and used to counter force applied to thesetup 10 by operation of thecoil tubing injector 32 or the wire line unit. The 80-ton crane must therefore remain on the job during the entire well stimulation process. The rental of such hoisting equipment for an extended period of time is very expensive. - There is therefore a need for a way of facilitating well completion, re-completion and workover while preserving the time and cost savings of being able to perform more than one function during a single run into a cased wellbore.
- It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a way of facilitating and improving the safety of well completion, re-completion and workover while preserving the time and cost savings of being able to perform more than one function during a single run into a cased wellbore.
- The invention therefore provides a casing transition nipple, comprising: a tubular body having a top end adapted for fluid tight connection to a well casing of a fist diameter and a bottom end adapted for fluid tight connection to a well casing of a second, smaller diameter; and a smooth annular tool guide surface between the first and second ends, the tool guide surface sloping downwardly with respect to the top end.
- The invention further provides a method of casing a wellbore, comprising: running a production casing of a first diameter into the wellbore until a bottom end of the production casing of the first diameter is approximately a predetermined distance from a bottom of the wellbore; connecting a bottom end of a casing transition nipple to a top end of the production casing of the first diameter; connecting a bottom end of a production casing of a second, larger diameter to a top end of the casing transition nipple, the production casing of the second diameter having a length approximately equal to the predetermined distance; and suspending the production casing of the second, larger diameter from a wellhead of the well.
- The invention yet further provides a method of casing a wellbore of a predetermined depth, comprising: running a production casing of a first diameter into the wellbore to a depth less than the predetermined depth of the wellbore; connecting a bottom end of a casing transition nipple to a top end of the production casing of the first diameter; connecting a bottom end of a production casing of a second, larger diameter to a top end of the casing transition nipple; and running the production casing of the second, larger diameter into the wellbore until the wellbore is cased.
- Having thus generally described the nature of the invention, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, in which:
-
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art setup for running a long downhole tool string into a production casing of a well in order to perform more than on function in a single run into the well; -
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a well cased in accordance with an embodiment of the invention; -
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a well cased in accordance with another embodiment of the invention; -
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a well cased in accordance with yet another embodiment of the invention; -
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a well cased in accordance with yet a further embodiment of the invention; -
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the casing transition nipple shown inFIG. 2 ; -
FIG. 7 is a cross sectional schematic diagram of the casing transition nipple shown inFIG. 3 ; -
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the casing transition nipple shown inFIG. 4 ; -
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the casing transition nipple shown in theFIG. 5 ; -
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a set up for lubricating a long downhole tool string into a well cased in accordance with the invention; -
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the set up shown inFIG. 10 , illustrating the long downhole tool string in a “lubricated-in” condition; and -
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a setup in accordance with another embodiment of the invention illustrating the long downhole tool string in a lubricated in condition, the setup being configured to run the long downhole tool string into the well using a wire line unit. - The invention provides a casing transition nipple and a method of casing a well in order to facilitate well competition, re-completion and workover. In accordance with the invention, the casing transition nipple is used to interconnect a bottom end of at least one casing joint of a first diameter having a top end connected to the wellhead and a top end of a production casing of a second, smaller diameter that communicates with production zones of the well. A well cased in accordance with the invention facilitates many well completion, recompletion and workover procedures. For example, the well cased in accordance with the invention facilitates the process of lubricating long downhole tool strings into the well and significantly reduces a distance that a coil tubing injector or a wire line unit is above the ground after the tool string has been lubricated into the well. This significantly reduces expense and improves safety by lowering working height and significantly reducing strain on the wellhead.
-
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram partially in cross-section showing a well cased in accordance with the invention. As schematically shown inFIG. 2 , thesurface casing 18 is supported by a casing mandrel or casing slips 46 landed in a casing bowl, in a manner well known in the art. If thecasing 18 is supported by casing slips, a top of the casing is cut off after the slips are set. - A
casing transition nipple 40 a connects an upper section ofproduction casing 42 to a lower section ofproduction casing 44. The upper section ofproduction casing 42 has a larger diameter than the lower section ofproduction casing 44. For example, the upper section ofproduction casing 42 may have a diameter of 6-8 inches. The lower section ofproduction casing 44 is of a standard casing size, e.g. 4½, 5 or 5½ inches. A lower section of the production casing extends from thecasing transition nipple 40 a to the bottom of the well. - In one embodiment of the invention the upper section of
production casing 42 has a length of 6-60 feet. It may be, for example, one joint of casing, which is typically 30 feet in length. However, the upper section ofproduction casing 42 may be shorter or longer than 30 feet, depending on anticipated need. - In this embodiment, the
casing transition nipple 48 is box threaded on each end as will be explained below in more detail with reference toFIG. 6 . -
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram partially in cross-section showing a well cased in accordance with another embodiment of the invention. The upper section ofproduction casing 42 and the lower section ofproduction casing 44 are identical to that described above with reference toFIG. 2 . In this embodiment, acasing transition nipple 40 b has a box end for connection to the upper section ofproduction casing 42 and a nipple end for connection to the lower section ofproduction casing 44. Consequently, acasing collar 50, commonly known in the art for connecting joints of casing, is used to connect the nipple end of thecasing transition nipple 40 b to the lower section of theproduction casing 44. This will be explained below in more detail with reference toFIG. 7 . -
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram partially in cross-section showing a well cased in accordance with yet a further embodiment of the invention. The upper section of theproduction casing 42 and the lower section of theproduction casing 44 are the same as that described above with reference toFIG. 2 . In this embodiment, thecasing transition nipple 40 c is pin threaded for connection to the upper section of theproduction casing 42 and box threaded for connection to the lower section of theproduction casing 44. Consequently, acasing collar 52 is used to connect the upper section of theproduction casing 42 to thetransition nipple 40 c, as will be explained below in more detail with reference toFIG. 8 . -
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram partially in cross-section showing a well cased in accordance with yet another embodiment of the invention. The upper section of the production casing for 42 and the lower section of theproduction casing 44 are the same as that described above with reference toFIG. 2 . In this embodiment, thecasing transition nipple 40 c is pin threaded for connection to the upper section of theproduction casing 42 and pin threaded for the connection of the lower section of theproduction casing 44. Consequently, acasing collar 52 is used to connect the upper section of theproduction casing 42 to thecasing transition nipple 40 d, and acasing collar 50 is used to connect the lower section of theproduction casing 44 to thecasing transition nipple 40 d, as will be explained below in more detail with reference toFIG. 9 . -
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional schematic view of thecasing transition nipple 40 a shown inFIG. 2 . Thecasing transition nipple 40 a has atop end 60 a for connection to the upper section of theproduction casing 42. Thecasing transition nipple 40 a also has abottom end 62 a for connection of the lower section of theproduction casing 44. Thecasing transition nipple 40 a further includes a smooth, annular downwardly inclined tool guide surface 68 a. As illustrated, in one embodiment the tool guide surface 68 a is downwardly inclined at an angle of about 30°-60° from a plane that is perpendicular to thetop end 60 a and the bottom and 62 a of thecasing transition nipple 40 a. - The
upper end 60 a has abox thread 64 a, which engages a pin threaded end of the upper section of theproduction casing 42. Thebox thread 64 a is shown schematically. As is understood by those skilled in the art, casing is available in a plurality of thread patterns. For example, casing may be threaded using a Buttress, Hydril, Acme, Rucker Atlas, EUE 8-round, EUE 10-round, EUE 8-V or EUE 10-V thread pattern, and this list is not exhaustive. It should therefore be understood that the thread pattern used to machine threads on any of the box threaded or pin threaded ends described above and below is purely a matter of design choice, and the schematically illustrated threads shown inFIGS. 6-9 are intended to be representative of any thread pattern applied to casing, as well as any other method that may be used for connecting thecasing casing transition nipple 40 a-d. Thebottom end 62 a likewise includes abox thread 66 a for direct connection of a pin threaded top end of the lower section of theproduction casing 44. -
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of thecasing transition nipple 40 b shown inFIG. 3 . Thecasing transition nipple 40 b is identical to thecasing transition nipple 40 a described above with reference toFIG. 6 with the exception that thebottom end 62 b is pin threaded. As explained above with reference toFIG. 3 , acasing collar 50 is used to connect the lower section ofproduction casing 44 to thepin thread 70 b of thecasing transition nipple 40 b. -
FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of acasing transition nipple 40 c described above with reference toFIG. 4 . Thecasing transition nipple 40 c is the same as thecasing transition nipple 40 a described above, with the exception that thetop end 60 c is pin threaded and thebottom end 62 c is box threaded. Consequently, acasing collar 52 is used to connect theproduction casing 42 to thetop end 60 c of thecasing transition nipple 40 c. As explained above, the lower section ofproduction casing 44 is connected directly to thebox thread 66 c of the casing.transition nipple 40 c. -
FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of thecasing transition nipple 40 d described above with reference toFIG. 5 . Thecasing transition nipple 40 d is the same as thecasing transition nipple 40 a described above with reference toFIG. 6 with the exception that thetop end 60 d is pin threaded and thebottom end 62 d is also pin threaded. Consequently, as described above with reference toFIG. 5 a casing collar 52 is used to connect the upper section ofproduction casing 42 to thepin thread 72 d of thetop end 60 d. Likewise, acasing collar 50 is used to connect the lower section ofproduction casing 44 to thepin thread 70 d of thebottom end 62 d of thecasing transition nipple 40 d. - As will be understood by those skilled in the art, any of the above the threaded connections may be made permanent using a thread glue such as Baker Lock®. Furthermore, any of the above connections may be welded connections, glued connections, or connections made using any one of a number of fluid tight quick-lock, screw-lock or other locking connectors that are known in the art.
-
FIG. 10 is a schematic view partially in cross-section of asetup 100 for running a longdownhole tool string 102 into a wellbore cased in accordance with the invention. As used in this document, a “longdownhole tool string 102” means any one or more of a perforating gun; jetting tool; packer; plug; a selective acidizing and/or fracturing tool; a casing or tubing cutter; a fishing tool; a pulling tool; a grapple; etc. in any combination. - The
setup 100 is very similar to thesetup 10 described above with reference toFIG. 1 , with the exception that the lubricator 28 a-c is replaced by asubsurface lubricator 104 that is schematically illustrated. Thesubsurface lubricator 104 is not described because it is not within the scope of this invention. None of the control structure for thesubsurface lubricator 104 is illustrated for the purposes of clarity. In this example, thesubsurface lubricator 104 is mounted to a top of thefrac cross 26, which is in turn mounted to a top of ablowout preventer 24 as described above with reference toFIG. 1 . As will be understood by those skilled in the art, prior to lubricating in the longdownhole tool string 102blind rams 106 of theblowout preventer 24 are closed to seal an annulus of the upper section of theproduction casing 42. Due to a length of thedownhole tool string 102, a height of the set up 100 is 20′-40′, similar to the set up 10 shown inFIG. 1 . - The set up 100 is assembled on the ground in a manner to that described above with reference to
FIG. 1 . The set up 100 may be hoisted into position using, for example, a coil tubing unit crane, because as will be explained below with reference toFIG. 11 , an 80-ton crane is not required to stabilize thesetup 100 after it is “lubricated in”. -
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram partially in cross-section of thesetup 100 after it has been lubricated into the wellbore cased in accordance with the invention. As will be understood by those skilled in the art, thesubsurface lubricator 104 has been lowered down through theblowout preventer protector 24 and thewellhead 14 and into the upper section of theproduction casing 42 to a locked-down condition in which a well completion, recompletion or workover procedure is ready to be performed. As can be seen, in the locked-down position a height of a top of thecoil tubing injector 32 is about 15′-18′ above the ground, as opposed to about 40′ above the ground for thesetup 10 shown inFIG. 1 . Thesetup 100 reduces cost because a crane is not required to stabilize thesetup 100 after it is lubricated in. Thesetup 100 also significantly improves a work safety and facilitates equipment maintenance because of the reduced working height. As will be understood by those skilled in the art, mechanical bending and twisting stresses on thewellhead 14 are also significantly reduced. This is not only due to the reduced working height of thesetup 100, but also due to thesubsurface lubricator 104 which runs inside the upper section of theproduction casing 42 and thereby lends significant rigidity to the wellhead components through which it is run. Consequently, rather than mechanically stressing the wellhead, thesetup 100 actually reinforces the wellhead and substantially eliminates any possibility that the wellhead could be damaged by the mechanical bending and twisting forces exerted by coil tubing or wireline units when long tool strings are lubricated into or out of the well. -
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram partially in cross-section of anothersetup 110 in accordance with the invention, showing the longdownhole tool string 102 in a lubricated in condition. Thesetup 110 is configured to lower the longdownhole tool string 102 into the wellbore cased in accordance with the invention using awireline unit 106, which is schematically illustrated. As understood by those skilled in the art, awireline 84 of thewireline unit 106 runs over awireline sheave 88 and through agrease injector 82. The grease lines, pumps and other components of thegrease injector 82 are not shown. Thewireline 84 runs through awireline BOP 80 and thefrac cross 26. Thewireline 84 is connected to a top of the longdownhole tool string 102. In this example, thewireline sheave 88 is supported by asheave boom 86 mounted to a side of thesubsurface lubricator 104, so that a crane is not required to support thewireline sheave 88. Thesetup 110 provides all of the advantages described above with reference to thesetup 100. - A wellbore cased in accordance with the invention therefore improves work safety, enables downhole operations that were heretofore impossible, impractical or excessively dangerous, and reduces cost by lowering the overall working height after a long downhole tool string has been lubricated into the cased well.
- As will be understood by those skilled in the art, the above-noted dimensions of the upper section of
production casing 42 and thecasing transition nipple 40 a are exemplary only. The dimensions of the upper section of theproduction casing 42, a lower section of theproduction casing 44 and thecasing transition nipple 40 a-d are, within certain limits, a matter of design choice. It is only important that the upper section ofproduction casing 42 has an internal diameter large enough to accept a subsurface lubricator that provides full-bore access to the lower section ofproduction casing 44. A difference in the two diameters of about 1½″-3½″ is generally sufficient. It is also important that a burst strength of a the upper section ofproduction casing 42 be at least as high as a burst strength of the lower section ofproduction casing 44, or at least as high as anticipated well stimulation fluid pressures, plus a margin for safety. - The embodiments of the invention described are therefore intended to be exemplary only, and the scope of the invention is intended to be limited solely by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (20)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/397,077 US20070227742A1 (en) | 2006-04-04 | 2006-04-04 | Casing transition nipple and method of casing a well to facilitate well completion, re-completion and workover |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US11/397,077 US20070227742A1 (en) | 2006-04-04 | 2006-04-04 | Casing transition nipple and method of casing a well to facilitate well completion, re-completion and workover |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20070227742A1 true US20070227742A1 (en) | 2007-10-04 |
Family
ID=38557155
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/397,077 Abandoned US20070227742A1 (en) | 2006-04-04 | 2006-04-04 | Casing transition nipple and method of casing a well to facilitate well completion, re-completion and workover |
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US (1) | US20070227742A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20090277647A1 (en) * | 2006-04-04 | 2009-11-12 | Stinger Wellhead Protection, Inc. | Method of subsurface lubrication to facilitate well completion, re-completion and workover |
US20120222856A1 (en) * | 2011-03-04 | 2012-09-06 | Artificial Lift Company | Coiled tubing deployed esp |
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Cited By (4)
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---|---|---|---|---|
US20090277647A1 (en) * | 2006-04-04 | 2009-11-12 | Stinger Wellhead Protection, Inc. | Method of subsurface lubrication to facilitate well completion, re-completion and workover |
US7896087B2 (en) | 2006-04-04 | 2011-03-01 | Stinger Wellhead Protection, Inc. | Method of subsurface lubrication to facilitate well completion, re-completion and workover |
US20120222856A1 (en) * | 2011-03-04 | 2012-09-06 | Artificial Lift Company | Coiled tubing deployed esp |
US8950476B2 (en) * | 2011-03-04 | 2015-02-10 | Accessesp Uk Limited | Coiled tubing deployed ESP |
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Owner name: STINGER WELLHEAD PROTECTION, INC., TEXAS Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:OIL STATES ENERGY SERVICES, INC.;REEL/FRAME:018767/0230 Effective date: 20061219 |
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Owner name: STINGER WELLHEAD PROTECTION, INC., OKLAHOMA Free format text: CHANGE OF ASSIGNEE ADDRESS;ASSIGNOR:STINGER WELLHEAD PROTECTION, INC.;REEL/FRAME:019588/0172 Effective date: 20070716 Owner name: STINGER WELLHEAD PROTECTION, INC.,OKLAHOMA Free format text: CHANGE OF ASSIGNEE ADDRESS;ASSIGNOR:STINGER WELLHEAD PROTECTION, INC.;REEL/FRAME:019588/0172 Effective date: 20070716 |
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STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |