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US20070043346A1 - Radiation applicator for microwave medical treatment - Google Patents

Radiation applicator for microwave medical treatment Download PDF

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Publication number
US20070043346A1
US20070043346A1 US10/561,701 US56170104A US2007043346A1 US 20070043346 A1 US20070043346 A1 US 20070043346A1 US 56170104 A US56170104 A US 56170104A US 2007043346 A1 US2007043346 A1 US 2007043346A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
radiation
applicator
dielectric body
antenna
section
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US10/561,701
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Nigel Cronin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
UK INVESTMENT ASSOCIATES LLC
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of US20070043346A1 publication Critical patent/US20070043346A1/en
Priority to US13/683,047 priority Critical patent/US9161811B2/en
Assigned to UK INVESTMENT ASSOCIATES LLC reassignment UK INVESTMENT ASSOCIATES LLC ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MICROSULIS LIMITED
Priority to US14/857,915 priority patent/US9770295B2/en
Priority to US15/684,315 priority patent/US10772682B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/18—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves
    • A61B18/1815—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using microwaves
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/18—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/02—Radiation therapy using microwaves
    • A61N5/04—Radiators for near-field treatment
    • A61N5/045—Radiators for near-field treatment specially adapted for treatment inside the body
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/18—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves
    • A61B18/1815—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using microwaves
    • A61B2018/183—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using microwaves characterised by the type of antenna
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/18—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves
    • A61B18/1815—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using microwaves
    • A61B2018/1861—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using microwaves with an instrument inserted into a body lumen or cavity, e.g. a catheter
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/18—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves
    • A61B18/1815—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using microwaves
    • A61B2018/1869—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using microwaves with an instrument interstitially inserted into the body, e.g. needles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/18—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves
    • A61B18/1815—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using microwaves
    • A61B2018/1892—Details of electrical isolations of the antenna

Definitions

  • This invention relates to radiation applicators and, in particular, to microwave medical treatment devices.
  • a known radiation applicator used for microwave medical treatment is shown in PCT/GB00/00682 and comprises a generator which supplies microwave energy via a coaxial conductor to a tip region at the distal end of the conductor.
  • Dielectric packing is provided between the inner and outer conductors of the coaxial conductor but a length of the inner conductor at the tip projects beyond the outer conductor so as to form an antenna to emit radiation.
  • the antenna is embedded axially in a cylindrical body of dielectric which has the same outer diameter as the coaxial conductor.
  • a pointed tip at the end of the dielectric body serves to assist penetration into biological matter, such as a liver to perform ablation on a tumour.
  • a radiation applicator has a power input at one end, an elongate antenna extending axially at its distal end for emitting radiation into surrounding material, and a dielectric body which surrounds the antenna, characterised in that the dielectric body consists of multiple sections of different dielectric constant which are located axially relative to one another along the antenna.
  • the dielectric constant of each section of the dielectric body is selected so as to tune the applicator to operate at a particular frequency or range of frequencies for optimum performance in transferring energy to the surrounding material of predetermined dielectric constant.
  • energy transfer from the applicator to the surrounding material may change the physical properties of that material and the sectioned nature of the dielectric body may, in some embodiments, permit a broadband match of the applicator to the surrounding material so as to allow efficient energy transfer to the material to continue despite changes in the properties of the material.
  • the dielectric body consists of three consecutive sections: a first section adjacent the power unit, a second first section adapted to be the major emitter of radiation, and a third tipsection.
  • the second section has a higher dielectric constant than the first section.
  • the higher dielectric constant of the second section allows the overall length of the dielectric body to be made shorter than would otherwise be required if the dielectric body was composed entirely of the material of the first dielectric, the length being related to the wavelength of the radiation in the dielectric.
  • the third, tip section is composed entirely of a material with a dielectric value from the other two sections and is chosen as a match to the surrounding material. The use of multiple sections of different dielectric constant allows the reflections from the dielectric interfaces to be used for matching or turning at the power input to ensure optimum power transfer.
  • the dielectric body has a tip section furthest from the power input which is pointed so as to penetrate the surrounding material in use.
  • the fact that the tip is composed of a dielectric material and not an electrical conductor serves to avoid local surface heating.
  • the dielectric constant of the tip is less than that of the second section, and is preferably intermediate that of the first and second sections.
  • the multiple sections could be made as an integral body, or made as separate components assembled together to abut against one another end-to-end.
  • a radiation reflector is provided at the interface between sections of the dielectric body so as to modulate the transmission of radiation and further tune the applicator.
  • a radiation reflector is provided each side of the section which is intended to emit radiation into the surrounding material, a reflector on that side further from the input end having a larger area so as to reflect more energy than the reflector nearer the input end, thereby reducing transmission of radiation to the tip of the applicator.
  • the emission of radiation from the dielectric body can therefore be more localised in one section.
  • the invention is designed to radiate more energy from the second section.
  • a radiation applicator has a power input at one end, an elongate antenna extending axially at its distal end for emitting radiation into surrounding material, and a dielectric body which surrounds the antenna, characterised in that one or more radiation reflectors are located axially along the antenna within the dielectric body to modulate the transmission of radiation.
  • two radiation reflectors are spaced apart with the intermediate section of the dielectric body being intended to emit radiation into the surrounding material, the reflector on one side further from the input having a larger area so as to reflect more radiation than the reflector nearer the input end, thereby reducing transmission of radiation to the tip of the applicator.
  • the reflectors are located at the interface between separate abutting sections of the dielectric body and help give structural support to the applicator.
  • the reflectors can be soldered or otherwise bonded to sections of the dielectric body and antenna
  • FIG. 1 shows an axially section through the tip of the radiation applicator according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a graph of reflected radiation at the input of the radiation applicator of FIG. 1 against the input frequency.
  • the radiation applicator illustrated in FIG. 1 comprises a coaxial conductor 1 , which may be rigid or flexible, and which is connected to a microwave power supply at one end (not shown) and terminates at its other end in a radiation emitting tip 2 .
  • the tip 2 consists of a cylindrical dielectric body composed of three sections 3 , 4 , 5 , coaxially aligned and abutting one another at interfaces between them so as to form a continuous body.
  • One outer section 3 is connected to the end of the coaxial conductor 1 .
  • a portion 6 of the section 3 at one end is of reduced diameter and is inserted a short distance into the outer conductor 7 of the coaxial conductor to make a secure connection.
  • the central conductor 8 of the coaxial conductor extends through an axial hole 9 in the body 2 , through all three sections but terminating within the outer third section 5 .
  • a metal washer 10 is soldered to the section 3 at the interface with section 4 , and is soldered to the central conductor 8 ; and a second metal washer 11 is soldered to the middle section 4 at the interface with the third section 5 , and is soldered to the central conductor 8 .
  • the washers 10 and 11 therefore serve to secure the two sections 3 and 4 of the dielectric body to the end of the coaxial conductor 1 via the central conductor 8 .
  • the third section 5 is then bonded to the second washer 11 and central conductor 8 .
  • the third section 5 of the applicator has a pointed shape to assist insertion into material to be treated, and this will be made as sharp as is necessary for the application, for example, the treatment of liver cancer.
  • That portion of the central conductor 8 that extends from the outer conductor 7 acts as an antenna to emit radiation.
  • the wavelength of the radiation within the dielectric body is determined by the frequency of the power supply and the dielectric constant of the various components. Thus the wavelength of the radiation is different in each of the three sections 3 , 4 and 5 .
  • the metal gaskets 10 and 11 which act as radiation reflectors. Both gaskets serve to reflect radiation back to the input, and with appropriate matching at the input ensures a maximum transfer of energy to the tip 2 .
  • the gasket 11 has a larger surface area than the gasket 10 so as to reduce the amount of energy transmitted to the third section 5 .
  • a radiation applicator designed for medical use has the dimensions shown in FIG. 1 and the following further specifications: the washer 10 has an outer diameter of 1.9 mm; the washer 11 has an outer diameter of 2.7 mm; the central conductor 8 protrudes beyond the outer conductor by 8.5 mm; and the dielectric sections 3 , 4 , 5 are composed, respectively, of alumina with dielectric constant 10 , titanium oxide with dielectric constant 100 and a Ca—Ti—Nd—Al dielectric with dielectric constant 47 .
  • the applicator of this example is capable of operating well at frequencies in the vicinity of 3 GHz. In particular, the applicator of this example is especially suited to operation at a frequency of 2.45 GHz and a power of 50 W.
  • FIG. 2 The performance of the applicator of the above example is illustrated in FIG. 2 .
  • This shows the power reflected from the tip of the applicator against the operating frequency, and shows that there is a dip in the reflected power at about 2.45 GHz, which corresponds to a maximum transfer of energy to the tip at this frequency.
  • the width of the dip in FIG. 2 which is about 0.6 GHz, gives the applicator a broadband characteristic which allows it to better accommodate use with surrounding materials with a range of dielectric constant values.
  • dielectric materials may be used, including air, and instead of three dielectric sections there may be just two or may be four or more. Grooves may be formed in the outer surface of each or any of the dielectric section circumferentially. Also, the dielectric sections may be tapered longitudinally.
  • an imaging process could be used to guide the applicator to the desired location.
  • the applicator may be of small enough diameter to be inserted through a guidewire, such as used in ultrasound imaging techniques, so as to ensure accurate treatment in use.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Radiation-Therapy Devices (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Apparatus For Disinfection Or Sterilisation (AREA)
US10/561,701 2003-06-23 2004-06-18 Radiation applicator for microwave medical treatment Abandoned US20070043346A1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13/683,047 US9161811B2 (en) 2003-06-23 2012-11-21 Radiation applicator for microwave medical treatment
US14/857,915 US9770295B2 (en) 2003-06-23 2015-09-18 Radiation applicator for microwave medical treatment
US15/684,315 US10772682B2 (en) 2003-06-23 2017-08-23 Radiation applicator for microwave medical treatment

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0314631.3 2003-06-23
GB0314631A GB2403148C2 (en) 2003-06-23 2003-06-23 Radiation applicator
PCT/GB2004/002620 WO2004112628A1 (en) 2003-06-23 2004-06-18 Radiation applicator for microwave medical treatment

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20070043346A1 true US20070043346A1 (en) 2007-02-22

Family

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Family Applications (4)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/561,701 Abandoned US20070043346A1 (en) 2003-06-23 2004-06-18 Radiation applicator for microwave medical treatment
US13/683,047 Active 2026-09-29 US9161811B2 (en) 2003-06-23 2012-11-21 Radiation applicator for microwave medical treatment
US14/857,915 Active US9770295B2 (en) 2003-06-23 2015-09-18 Radiation applicator for microwave medical treatment
US15/684,315 Active US10772682B2 (en) 2003-06-23 2017-08-23 Radiation applicator for microwave medical treatment

Family Applications After (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US13/683,047 Active 2026-09-29 US9161811B2 (en) 2003-06-23 2012-11-21 Radiation applicator for microwave medical treatment
US14/857,915 Active US9770295B2 (en) 2003-06-23 2015-09-18 Radiation applicator for microwave medical treatment
US15/684,315 Active US10772682B2 (en) 2003-06-23 2017-08-23 Radiation applicator for microwave medical treatment

Country Status (14)

Country Link
US (4) US20070043346A1 (ja)
EP (1) EP1646324B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP4559418B2 (ja)
CN (1) CN100558311C (ja)
AT (1) ATE464013T1 (ja)
AU (1) AU2004248967B2 (ja)
CA (1) CA2530154A1 (ja)
DE (1) DE602004026588D1 (ja)
GB (3) GB2403148C2 (ja)
MX (1) MXPA05014207A (ja)
MY (1) MY136363A (ja)
TW (1) TWI278301B (ja)
WO (1) WO2004112628A1 (ja)
ZA (1) ZA200600591B (ja)

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