US20060123684A1 - Apparatus - Google Patents
Apparatus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20060123684A1 US20060123684A1 US10/472,478 US47247804A US2006123684A1 US 20060123684 A1 US20060123684 A1 US 20060123684A1 US 47247804 A US47247804 A US 47247804A US 2006123684 A1 US2006123684 A1 US 2006123684A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- magazine
- bullet
- projectile
- chamber
- gun
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B14/00—Projectiles or missiles characterised by arrangements for guiding or sealing them inside barrels, or for lubricating or cleaning barrels
- F42B14/02—Driving bands; Rotating bands
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
- F41A9/00—Feeding or loading of ammunition; Magazines; Guiding means for the extracting of cartridges
- F41A9/61—Magazines
- F41A9/64—Magazines for unbelted ammunition
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
- F42B12/34—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect expanding before or on impact, i.e. of dumdum or mushroom type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B14/00—Projectiles or missiles characterised by arrangements for guiding or sealing them inside barrels, or for lubricating or cleaning barrels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B33/00—Manufacture of ammunition; Dismantling of ammunition; Apparatus therefor
- F42B33/02—Filling cartridges, missiles, or fuzes; Inserting propellant or explosive charges
- F42B33/0285—Measuring explosive-charge levels in containers or cartridge cases; Methods or devices for controlling the quantity of material fed or filled
- F42B33/0292—Measuring explosive-charge levels in containers or cartridge cases; Methods or devices for controlling the quantity of material fed or filled by volumetric measurement, i.e. the volume of the material being determined before filling
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B33/00—Manufacture of ammunition; Dismantling of ammunition; Apparatus therefor
- F42B33/04—Fitting or extracting primers in or from fuzes or charges
Definitions
- a gun comprising a magazine for holding a plurality of projectiles, a body, a trigger mechanism for triggering the firing of a projectile from said magazine, a barrel for receiving and ejecting the fired projectile from said magazine, a barrel for receiving and ejecting the fired projectile, a traversing mechanism for advancing said magazine stepwise and unindirectionally through a transverse aperture through said body, said magazine being arranged to be loaded with said projectiles from the front of said magazine into a plurality of chambers each having an opening at said front of said magazine, a propellant-material-receiving, rearward portion and a projectile-receiving, forward portion, the arrangement being such that, if a double charge of propellant material is loaded in said chamber, a projectile then loaded in said chamber would extend beyond said front of said magazine so that said magazine would be prevented from advancing through said transverse aperture.
- the magazine can take the form a linearly displaceable, load block or a rotary cylinder.
- a gun comprising a magazine for holding a plurality of projectiles, a body, a trigger mechanism for triggering the firing of a projectiles from said magazine, a barrel for receiving and ejecting the fired projectile, a traversing mechanism for advancing said magazine stepwise and unidirectionally through a transverse aperture through said body, said magazine being arranged to be loaded with said projectiles from the front of said magazine into a plurality of chambers each having an opening at said front of said magazine, a propellant-material-receiving, rearward portion and a projectile-receiving, forward portion,
- a gun comprising a magazine for holding a plurality of projectiles, a body, guiding surface portions of said body and serving to guide linearly advance of said magazine through a transverse aperture through said body, a trigger mechanism for triggering the firing of a projectile from said magazine, a barrel for receiving and ejecting the fired projectile, a traversing mechanism for advancing said magazine stepwise and unidirectionally through said transverse aperture, said magazine being arranged to be loaded with said projectiles from the front of said magazine.
- dosing apparatus for a firearm, comprising a container for receiving flowable material, a receiving device having therein a hole of a predetermined volume and for filling with material from said container, and an outlet through which the predetermined volume of said material in said hole leaves said apparatus, said receiving device being displaceable to move said hole between said container, where said hole is filled with said material, and said outlet, where the material in said hole is fully discharged.
- a method of loading a firearm with flowable material comprising delivering said material from a container into a hole of a predetermined volume to fill said hole with said material, displacing said hole from said container to an outlet leading towards said firearm and fully discharging said material from said hole into said outlet.
- dosing apparatus comprising a container for receiving flowable material, a receiving device having therein a hole of a predetermined volume and for filling with material from said container, and an outlet through which the predetermined volume of said material in said hole leaves said apparatus, said receiving device being displaceable to-and-fro to move said hole between said container, where said hole is filled with said material, and said outlet, where the material in said hole is fully discharged.
- apparatus for inserting a primer into a projectile housing for a gun comprising a primer supporting device, a primer inserting device and a projectile housing supporting device at respective opposite sides of said primer supporting device, and an operating device to operate said primer inserting device to force a primer in said primer supporting device into a projectile housing supported by said projectile housing supporting device.
- a method of inserting a primer into a projectile housing for a gun comprising supporting said primer in a primer supporting device, supporting said projectile housing in a projectile housing supporting device, and causing a primer inserting device to force said primer into said projectile housing.
- the projectile housing can be, for example, a cartridge, a rectangular load block or a cylinder.
- apparatus for removing a used primer from a magazine for a gun comprising a magazine supporting device, and a primer removing device operable to remove said primer from said magazine.
- a method of removing a used primer from a magazine for a gun comprising supporting said magazine in a magazine supporting device and operating a primer removing device to remove said primer from said magazine.
- the apparatus for removing a used primer may also have a projectile-loading device for loading a projectile into the magazine and, preferably, the primer removing device and the projectile-loading device may be operated by an operating device common to both.
- apparatus comprising:
- a gun having a body, a trigger mechanism, a barrel, a magazine for holding a plurality of projectiles, and a traversing mechanism for advancing said magazine stepwise and unidirectionally through a transverse aperture through said body,
- a device for removing a used primer from said magazine and/or seating a projectile in said magazine a device for removing a used primer from said magazine and/or seating a projectile in said magazine.
- the propellant material may be nitro-cellulose, a smokeless propellant powder.
- the primers may be of the standard type, as used in metallic centre-fire cartridges.
- the primers contain a percussive material, such as fulminate of mercury, to ignite the nitro-cellulose powder since nitro-cellulose requires a hotter flame to be produced when the firing pin strikes than do traditional black powder propellants.
- a wad-cutting, flat-based bullet of soft metallic material and of cylindrical form having a front end and a rear end, said rear end having a gas-check cap attached thereto.
- a bullet of cylindrical form and including at the front thereof a dome serving to cooperate with a centering portion of a loading pin for loading said bullet in a chamber.
- a fourteenth aspect of the present invention there is provided a combination comprising a firearm chamber, a propellant charge at a rearward portion of said chamber, sand a bullet at a forward portion of said chamber, there being substantially no expansion volume remaining in said chamber for gas produced during firing of said bullet.
- a small arms bullet comprised of a bullet body of a non-ductile metallic substance and of circular cylindrical form having two ends and a ductile drive band closely encircling said bullet body at a location between said two ends.
- small arms what is meant is any arms size up to but not including heavy artillery weapons.
- a bullet comprised of a bullet body and a ductile drive band closely encircling said bullet body, wherein said drive band comprises a ridge and a groove about is circumference, and said ridge is located ahead of said groove and projects radially outwardly beyond an external peripheral surface of said body.
- FIG. 1 shows a fragmentary vertical axial section through a firearm in the form of a pistol
- FIG. 2 shows a view similar to FIG. 1 of a second version of the pistol
- FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of a magazine for the pistol of FIG. 1 or 2 with a vertical axial section through a chamber of the magazine
- FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of a magazine for a firearm in the form of a revolver, shown partially in section,
- FIG. 5 is a front elevation o the magazine of FIG. 3 for use in the pistol of FIG. 1 or 2 ,
- FIG. 6 is an underneath plan view of the magazine of FIG. 3 .
- FIG. 7 shows a section taken on the line VII-VII of FIG. 5 .
- FIG. 8 shows a perspective view of a powder dosing device
- FIG. 9 shows a perspective, partially sectional view of a primer inserting tool for inserting primers into the magazine of FIG. 3 .
- FIG. 10 shows a perspective view of a tool for removing used primers from and seating projectiles into the magazine of FIG. 3 ,
- FIG. 11 shows half in elevation and half in axial section a soft-metallic, wad-cutting bullet
- FIG. 12 is an elevational view of a rifle bullet body
- FIG. 13 is a fragmentary elevational view of the bullet with a drive band installed.
- the firearm 2 includes a body 3 which mounts a trigger mechanism that includes a trigger 4 .
- a trigger bar 6 When the trigger 4 in FIG. 1 is pulled backwards by a shooter's finger, a trigger bar 6 , urged against a set screw 5 in the body 3 by compression springs 7 and 13 , moves anti-clockwise about a transverse axis 8 , so that firstly one and then the other of two set screws 10 in the bar 6 and providing a so-called “two-stage trigger” press against a bent 12 which is thereby turned, against the action of the compression spring 13 , anti-clockwise about a transverse axis 14 .
- FIG. 1 When the trigger 4 in FIG. 1 is pulled backwards by a shooter's finger, a trigger bar 6 , urged against a set screw 5 in the body 3 by compression springs 7 and 13 , moves anti-clockwise about a transverse axis 8 , so that firstly one and then the other of two set screws 10 in the bar 6 and
- the trigger 4 is, in this version, disposed more forwardly to lie almost directly beneath the transverse axis 8 .
- the trigger bar 6 urged against the set screw 5 in the body 3 by the spring 7 , moves anti-clockwise about the transverse axis 8 to an extent limited by a set screw 9 .
- the “two-stage trigger” arrangement provided by the set screws 10 of FIG. 1 , there is, in FIG.
- a stepped portion 10 ′ in the trigger bar 6 which, on the anti-clockwise motion of the trigger bar 6 around the axis 8 , presses against the bent 12 which is, again, turned, against the action of the compression spring 13 , anti-clockwise about the transverse axis 14 .
- an abutment 16 on the bent 12 holds a sear 18 substantially stationary until the bent 12 turns to a point where the abutment 16 slides past the sear 18 .
- the sear 18 is turned downwardly sharply, rotating anti-clockwise about a transverse axis 20 under the force acting on a detent 21 thereof from a firing pin 22 (shown in FIG. 1 in its position after firing and in FIG. 2 in its position before firing).
- the firing pin 22 is in a position such that a groove 24 therein is engaged by the detent 21 and a compression spring 26 is exerting a force on the pine 22 to the left in FIG. 2 .
- the compression spring 26 forces the pin 22 towards the front of the firearm 2 and a point 28 of the pin 22 penetrates into a transverse aperture 30 through the body 3 .
- Forward of the aperture 30 is a bore 32 of a barrel 34 of the firearm, a cocking mechanism of which includes a slide 36 reciprocable longitudinally of the firearm and urged forwardly by a compression spring 38 beneath the barrel 34 .
- the spring 38 encircles a headed rod 40 which is fixed at is rearward end to the slide 36 and which at its headed forward end serves as an abutment for the forward end of the spring 38 , the rearward end of which abuts against a shoulder 42 in the body 3 .
- the slide 36 has fixed thereto two upwardly projecting pins 44 and 46 .
- the pin 46 is arranged to come to bear on an annular shoulder 48 of the firing pin 22 when the slide 36 is displaced rearwardly against the action of the spring 38 and so pushes the firing pin 22 back into its cocked position. That rearward stroke of the pin 46 is accompanies by a rearward stroke of the pin 44 from its full-line, foremost end position shown in FIG. 1 to its rearmost end position 44 ′ shown in dot-dash lines ( FIG. 2 shows the pin in its rearward position 44 ′ only).
- a magazine 50 is mountable in the aperture 30 so as to extend transversely of the firearm 2 and is formed at its underneath surface with a groove system 52 of a zig-zag form in which the pin 44 engages, so that reciprocation of the pin 44 between its foremost and rearmost end positions produces reliably unidirectional linear stepwise advance of the magazine 50 through the aperture 30 , each full reciprocation of the pin 44 ending with each of five chambers 54 of the magazine 50 in turn aligned with the point 28 and the barrel 32 .
- Each chamber 54 consists of a rearwardly open sub-chamber 56 for loading with a percussion cap type primer 63 , a forwardly open sub-chamber 58 for loading, from the front, firstly with a propellant charge 63 into a propellant-receiving rearward portion 58 ′ and secondly with a cylindrical bullet 64 into a projectile-receiving forward portion 58 ′′, and a short bore 60 interconnecting and co-axial with the sub-chambers 56 and 58 .
- the boundary between the two portions 58 ′ and 58 ′′ is defined by a bullet seating shoulder 58 ′′′.
- the slide 36 In use, with the firing pin 22 already cocked, as shown in FIG. 2 , the slide 36 is displaced rearwards part-way and then a fully loaded magazine 50 is inserted into the aperture 30 with its end 50 ′ leading, so that the pin 44 can enter an open-sided end 52 ′ of the groove system 52 . Then the slide 36 is returned to its foremost position, so that the pin 44 rides into a first, forward, aligning portion 52 a of the system 52 . The firearm can then be fired. A later full reciprocation of the slide 36 not only cocks the firing pin 22 but also then brings the pin 44 into a second, forward, aligning portion 52 b of the system 52 . The firing and cocking cycle is repeated until the pin 44 leaves the opposite end 52 ′′ of the system 52 .
- the magazine 50 is in the form of a cylinder to be used with muzzle loading revolvers.
- the chambers 54 are distributed around a central bore 66 which runs longitudinally through the cylinder 50 for receiving a mounting pin of a revolver.
- a ratchet 68 of a ratchet mechanism produces reliable unidirectional stepwise advancement of the cylinder 50 through an aperture in the muzzle loading revolver, with each firing ending with each of six chambers 54 of the cylinder 50 in turn aligned with the point of the firing pin and the barrel of the revolver.
- a powder dosing device 70 has a powder holding container 72 which is mounted on top of a body 74 and into which propellant powder is placed.
- the powder falls into an fills a hole 76 which is of a predetermined volume so that the exact amount of powder is measured to give optimum results on firing.
- the hole 76 is formed in a reciprocable bar 78 contained within the body 74 .
- the bar 78 has an arm 80 coaxially attached to it which extends externally of the body 74 and terminates in a flat button 82 .
- the conduit 88 is of an external diameter to fit into the sub-chambers 58 of the magazine 50 .
- the exact amount of propellant material can be delivered into any one of the propellant-receiving portions 58 ′ of the sub-chambers 58 . If too much propellant material is placed into the portion 58 ′, by the shooter's inadvertently loading the sub-chamber 58 twice or more with a dosage of propellant before firing, such overcharging being potentially dangerous for the shooter, the bullet 64 will protrude from the sub-chamber 58 in question. This prevents the magazine 50 from passing through the aperture 30 in either the pistol of FIG. 1 or 2 or the revolver at least to an extent to allow that particular sub-chamber 58 to reach a firing position and therefore prevents any consequential accidents whilst shooting.
- FIG. 9 shows a primer inserting tool 90 .
- the magazine 50 of FIGS. 3, 5 , 6 and 7 fits into a supporting seat 92 with the sub-chamber 56 for receiving a primer facing inwardly towards a primer inserting plunger 94 .
- Located between an end 100 of the plunger 94 and the seat 92 is a conduit 95 in which primers, from a primer storage device 98 , align themselves in a single column.
- the primer located at the base of that column lies immediately in front of the end 100 of the plunger 94 and immediately behind an aligned sub-chamber 56 of a magazine 50 in the seat 92 .
- An operating press 102 is connected to the plunger 94 , and by the shooter's pressing down on a pad 104 of the press 102 the plunger 94 is pushed forward against the action of a spring 106 .
- the forward movement of the plunger 94 causes its end 100 to force the primer, located at the base of the column in the conduit 96 , into the aligned sub-chamber 56 of the magazine 50 located in the seat 92 .
- the seat 92 has on its base a pin 108 for engaging in the groove system 52 on the base of the magazine 50 for aligning each sub-chamber 56 .
- the shooter manually places the magazine in the seat 92 to align a particular sub-chamber 56 in the magazine to be loaded with a primer, with the pin 108 holding steady the magazine in the seat 92 .
- the shooter repeats this procedure for each sub-chamber 56 , with the magazine 50 being advanced through the seat 92 by the shooter.
- a magazine de-primer and projectile loading tool 112 comprises a base 114 , a magazine supporting section 116 which includes a de-priming seat 116 ′ and a projectile loading seat 116 ′′, a de-priming pin 118 , a projectile loading pin 120 having a concave pressing surface 121 , and a handle 122 .
- the pins 118 and 120 are each mounted at one end on the handle 122 by way of pin-and-slot connections 123 and are vertically guided in respective cylindrical bores in a horizontal arm 125 fixed relative to the base 114 .
- the other end of the de-priming pin 118 is suspended by the handle 122 over the de-priming seat 116 ′.
- the other end of the projectile loading pin 120 is suspended by the handle 122 over the projectile loading seat 116 ′′.
- the bullet 64 Is inserted into the portion 58 ′′.
- the magazine 50 with each of its sub-chambers 58 loaded with the propellant material and a bullet loosely seated, is then placed in the seat 116 ′′ of the tool 112 with the sub-chamber 58 and the bullet 64 facing vertically upwards towards the pin 120 .
- the pin 120 pushes the bullet further into the sub-chamber 58 to seat it finally against the shoulder 58 ′′′. This operation is repeated for each sub-chamber 58 , with the magazine 50 being advanced through the seat 116 ′′ by the shooter.
- the used percussion cap primers need to be removed before the magazine can be used again.
- the magazine is placed in the de-priming seat 116 ′ with the sub-chamber 58 facing upwards towards the pin 118 .
- the de-priming part 124 of the pin 118 is shaped to fit into the sub-chamber 58 with its point 126 designed to project through the short bore 60 and push any used primer out of the sub-chamber 56 .
- the used primers fall through the seat 116 ′ and a bore 128 in the body 114 into a primer collecting cavity 130 .
- a plug 131 for closing the opening to the cavity 130 can be removed from the body 114 to permit disposal of used primers collected therein.
- Each of the firearms shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 and the revolver can be made to order to provide a safe smokeless powder gun for those interested in such shooting and can be provided, in package form, with one or more of the powder dosing device, the primer inserting tool and the de-priming and projectile-loading tool described with reference to FIGS. 8 to 10 .
- the bullet 64 is a wad-cutting, flat-based bullet and has a cylindrical body 140 of a caliber to be loaded into the sub-chamber 58 of the magazine 50 .
- the bullet 64 is also of a sufficient overall length that, when the bullet 64 is loaded into the sub-chamber 58 of the magazine 50 subsequent to a single measured dose propellant material using the powder dosing device 70 , the tip of a domed portion 142 of the bullet 64 is substantially co-planar with the rim of the front opening of the sub-chamber 58 . Therefore, as already mentioned with reference to FIG.
- the pressing surface 121 matches the surface of the dome 142 and cooperates therewith to align the sub-chamber 58 , and thus the magazine 50 , with the pin 120 .
- the bullet 64 also has at its rear end a gas-check cap 144 of any suitable material, preferably copper.
- the body 140 of the bullet 64 is composed of a soft metallic material, softer than copper, preferably a mixture of predominantly lead and a small amount of tin, for example a mixture of 99.5% lead and 0.5% tin, the tin being present to prevent the oxidization of the lead.
- This relatively soft metallic material enables the rear end of the body 140 of the bullet 64 to be squeezed into the cap 144 during forming of the bullet.
- the cap 144 prevents damage to the base of the bullet 64 .
- the bullet 64 is pressed down on the propellant material in the sub-chamber 58 when loaded into the magazine 50 , leaving in the sub-chamber 58 no expansion volume for gas when the propellant material is ignited on firing.
- the large and sudden pressure increase at the base of the bullet 64 caused by the ignition of the propellant material, would deform the relatively soft metallic body 140 , possibly leading to the soft metallic material of the bullet 64 becoming spattered around inside the sub-chamber 58 .
- the cap 144 prevents such deforming of the bullet 64 on firing and therefore provides for consistent shooting.
- Consistent shooting of the bullet 64 can be aided by a lubricating fluid applied, particularly, to that surface of the bullet 64 which contacts the wall of the sub-chamber 58 .
- the application of the lubricating fluid removes the need for the bullet to include grease grooves around its circumference.
- the bullet 64 has an annular wad-cutting ridge 146 to cut through and thus clearly mark a position on a target where the bullet hits that target.
- a bullet 200 has a body 202 which has a similar profile to existing rifle bullets with a boat-tailed rear portion 204 .
- the body 202 also has a co-axial, annular recess 206 in a mid-portion of the body 202 .
- the body 202 is of an optimal weight achieved by using heavier and harder material than that of conventional rifle bullets.
- the body 202 is made from a non-ductile hard metal or hard metal matrix, and preferably of alcanite (sintered tungsten and copper). This results in the body 202 being harder than the rifle barrel out of which the bullet 200 will be shot. Thus, the bullet 200 cannot be made to swage into the rifling of the barrel.
- the portion of the body 202 a of the body 202 where the diameter of the body 202 is greatest is, therefore, designed to fit the bore of the rifle barrel with a close tolerance to keep it precisely aligned with the barrel axis. Additionally, the hard non-deforming body 202 will preserve the dynamic balance of the bullet 200 .
- the increased weight of the bullet 200 allows its length to be kept at an optimal minimum. In this way, the amounts of energy wasted as heat when the bullet 200 travels through the barrel is minimized.
- T 150 ⁇ D R
- T the twist required (number of inches for one revolution)
- D the bullet diameter (in inches)
- R the bullet length to diameter ratio (length divided by diameter)
- the bullet body 202 carries a closely encircling drive band 208 of a ductile material and fitted into the annular recess 206 .
- the band 208 has a slightly larger diameter than the part 202 a where the diameter of the body 202 is greatest and the band 208 is designed to seal the bullet 200 against the barrel wall.
- the material for the band 208 needs to be both ductile enough to swage readily into the rifling and strong enough in shear to spin the bullet without distortion. The band 208 thus takes the rifling of the barrel with the minimum force.
- the seal should be adequate, but should not generate excessive friction in the barrel. Therefore, the contact area between the bullet 200 and the barrel is kept as small as possible.
- the band 208 may have a series of alternate ridges 210 , the diameter of which is equal to the rifled diameter, and grooves 212 which have a diameter smaller than the rifle barrel bore diameter.
- the band 208 can be made of any suitable ductile metallic or non-metallic material and is attached to the body 202 securely in the recess 206 . This can be done by mechanical means if the band 208 is made of ductile metal such as copper, or by molding-on if it is made from a suitable ductile polymer.
- the profile of the bullet 200 which is similar to that of current types, gives the desired performance owing to its aerodynamic efficiency. However, the bullet 200 , once fired, remains supersonic for a longer period of time.
- the result of having the heavy bullet body 202 at a minimum length together with a drive band 208 is that less pressure is generated in the breech and the time that the bullet 200 spends in the barrel is reduced with reduced friction being imparted on the bullet 200 . This gives a higher muzzle velocity, extended range and more uniform performance with any bullet/cartridge/powder-charge combination.
- the bullet 200 thus allows a shooter to shoot, with accuracy, over a longer range for a given size of the fire arm.
- the size of arm to be carried is kept to a minimum. This removes the harmonic effect (the way a barrel “wags”) which is a result of increasing barrel length when achieving longer ranges with the larger of the small arms.
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Abstract
Various items of apparatus are disclosed including: 1) a gun (2) having a body (3), a trigger mechanism (4-21), a barrel (34), a magazine for holding a plurality of projectiles, and a traversing mechanism (44) for advancing the magazine stepwise and unidirectionally through a transverse aperture (30) through the body (3), 2) a device for dosing an exact amount of propellant material into the magazine, 3) a device for inserting a primer into the magazine, 4) a device for removing a used primer from the magazine and/or seating a projectile in the magazine, and (5) bullets of which one is particularly designed for the user with the gun (2).
Description
- The present application claims the benefit of PCT Patent Application Serial No. PCT/GB02/01017, filed Mar. 13, 2002, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
- According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a gun comprising a magazine for holding a plurality of projectiles, a body, a trigger mechanism for triggering the firing of a projectile from said magazine, a barrel for receiving and ejecting the fired projectile from said magazine, a barrel for receiving and ejecting the fired projectile, a traversing mechanism for advancing said magazine stepwise and unindirectionally through a transverse aperture through said body, said magazine being arranged to be loaded with said projectiles from the front of said magazine into a plurality of chambers each having an opening at said front of said magazine, a propellant-material-receiving, rearward portion and a projectile-receiving, forward portion, the arrangement being such that, if a double charge of propellant material is loaded in said chamber, a projectile then loaded in said chamber would extend beyond said front of said magazine so that said magazine would be prevented from advancing through said transverse aperture.
- Owing to this aspect of the present invention, it is possible for shooters interested in a muzzle-loading style of shooting with cylindrical bullets to do so in a multi-shot manner. In addition, the firing of a cylindrical bullet when a chamber has been “double-charged” with excess propellant material, which can lead to dangerous consequences when using highly volatile smokeless propellants, cannot occur.
- The magazine can take the form a linearly displaceable, load block or a rotary cylinder.
- According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is approved in combination:
- a gun comprising a magazine for holding a plurality of projectiles, a body, a trigger mechanism for triggering the firing of a projectiles from said magazine, a barrel for receiving and ejecting the fired projectile, a traversing mechanism for advancing said magazine stepwise and unidirectionally through a transverse aperture through said body, said magazine being arranged to be loaded with said projectiles from the front of said magazine into a plurality of chambers each having an opening at said front of said magazine, a propellant-material-receiving, rearward portion and a projectile-receiving, forward portion,
- propellant material in said rearward portion, and
- a cylindrical bullet in said forward portion
- Owing to this aspect of the present invention, it is possible for shooters interested in a muzzle-loading style of shooting with cylindrical bullets to do so in a multi-shot manner.
- According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a gun comprising a magazine for holding a plurality of projectiles, a body, guiding surface portions of said body and serving to guide linearly advance of said magazine through a transverse aperture through said body, a trigger mechanism for triggering the firing of a projectile from said magazine, a barrel for receiving and ejecting the fired projectile, a traversing mechanism for advancing said magazine stepwise and unidirectionally through said transverse aperture, said magazine being arranged to be loaded with said projectiles from the front of said magazine.
- Owing to this aspect of the present invention, it is possible for shooters interested in a muzzle-loading style of shooting with a magazine in the form of a rectangular chamber block to do so in a multi-shot manner.
- According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided dosing apparatus for a firearm, comprising a container for receiving flowable material, a receiving device having therein a hole of a predetermined volume and for filling with material from said container, and an outlet through which the predetermined volume of said material in said hole leaves said apparatus, said receiving device being displaceable to move said hole between said container, where said hole is filled with said material, and said outlet, where the material in said hole is fully discharged.
- According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of loading a firearm with flowable material, comprising delivering said material from a container into a hole of a predetermined volume to fill said hole with said material, displacing said hole from said container to an outlet leading towards said firearm and fully discharging said material from said hole into said outlet.
- Owing to these aspects of the invention, it is possible for a shooter to load an accurate amount of the material into the firearm, not only reliably, but also rapidly.
- According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided dosing apparatus comprising a container for receiving flowable material, a receiving device having therein a hole of a predetermined volume and for filling with material from said container, and an outlet through which the predetermined volume of said material in said hole leaves said apparatus, said receiving device being displaceable to-and-fro to move said hole between said container, where said hole is filled with said material, and said outlet, where the material in said hole is fully discharged.
- Owing to this aspect of the invention, it is possible to provide a relatively simple dosing apparatus.
- According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided apparatus for inserting a primer into a projectile housing for a gun, comprising a primer supporting device, a primer inserting device and a projectile housing supporting device at respective opposite sides of said primer supporting device, and an operating device to operate said primer inserting device to force a primer in said primer supporting device into a projectile housing supported by said projectile housing supporting device.
- According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of inserting a primer into a projectile housing for a gun, comprising supporting said primer in a primer supporting device, supporting said projectile housing in a projectile housing supporting device, and causing a primer inserting device to force said primer into said projectile housing.
- Owing to these aspects of the invention, it is possible for a shooter to insert quickly a new primer.
- The projectile housing can be, for example, a cartridge, a rectangular load block or a cylinder.
- According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, there is provided apparatus for removing a used primer from a magazine for a gun, comprising a magazine supporting device, and a primer removing device operable to remove said primer from said magazine.
- According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of removing a used primer from a magazine for a gun, comprising supporting said magazine in a magazine supporting device and operating a primer removing device to remove said primer from said magazine.
- Owing to these aspects of the invention, it is possible for a shooter to remove quickly a used primer.
- Advantageously, the apparatus for removing a used primer may also have a projectile-loading device for loading a projectile into the magazine and, preferably, the primer removing device and the projectile-loading device may be operated by an operating device common to both.
- According to an eleventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided apparatus comprising:
- a gun having a body, a trigger mechanism, a barrel, a magazine for holding a plurality of projectiles, and a traversing mechanism for advancing said magazine stepwise and unidirectionally through a transverse aperture through said body,
- a device for dosing an exact amount of propellant material into said magazine,
- a device for inserting a primer into said magazine, and
- a device for removing a used primer from said magazine and/or seating a projectile in said magazine.
- Owing to this aspect of the invention, it is possible to provide a shooter interested in a muzzle-loading style of shooting with a complete shooting package.
- Owing to the various aspects of the invention, it is possible for shooters to remove quickly used primer, insert quickly new primers, and place exact amounts of propellant material and load projectiles into the magazine, so enabling a faster turnaround in shooting, therefore allowing a shooter to shoot more shots in a given time period.
- The propellant material may be nitro-cellulose, a smokeless propellant powder.
- The primers may be of the standard type, as used in metallic centre-fire cartridges. The primers contain a percussive material, such as fulminate of mercury, to ignite the nitro-cellulose powder since nitro-cellulose requires a hotter flame to be produced when the firing pin strikes than do traditional black powder propellants.
- According to a twelfth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a wad-cutting, flat-based bullet of soft metallic material and of cylindrical form having a front end and a rear end, said rear end having a gas-check cap attached thereto.
- Owing to this aspect of the present invention, it is possible to provide a shooter with a soft-metallic wad-cutting bullet with a gas-check cap on its base to prevent damage to the base region of the bullet on firing.
- According to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a bullet of cylindrical form and including at the front thereof a dome serving to cooperate with a centering portion of a loading pin for loading said bullet in a chamber.
- Owing to this aspect of the invention, it is possible to ensure that the chamber is correctly aligned with the loading pin.
- According to a fourteenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a combination comprising a firearm chamber, a propellant charge at a rearward portion of said chamber, sand a bullet at a forward portion of said chamber, there being substantially no expansion volume remaining in said chamber for gas produced during firing of said bullet.
- Owing to this aspect of the invention, it is possible to avoid the firing of the bullet with an excessive propellant charge in the chamber.
- According to the fifteenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a small arms bullet comprised of a bullet body of a non-ductile metallic substance and of circular cylindrical form having two ends and a ductile drive band closely encircling said bullet body at a location between said two ends.
- Owing to this aspect of the invention, it is possible to provide shooters interested in small arms shooting with a bullet with an increased range for a given small arms size.
- By small arms, what is meant is any arms size up to but not including heavy artillery weapons.
- According to the sixteenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a bullet comprised of a bullet body and a ductile drive band closely encircling said bullet body, wherein said drive band comprises a ridge and a groove about is circumference, and said ridge is located ahead of said groove and projects radially outwardly beyond an external peripheral surface of said body.
- Owing to this aspect of the invention, it is possible to provide a bullet which has a drive band and the body of which, upon firing, does not deform.
- In order that the invention may be clearly and completely disclosed, reference will now be made, by way of example, to the accompanying drawings, in which:
-
FIG. 1 shows a fragmentary vertical axial section through a firearm in the form of a pistol, -
FIG. 2 shows a view similar toFIG. 1 of a second version of the pistol, -
FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of a magazine for the pistol ofFIG. 1 or 2 with a vertical axial section through a chamber of the magazine, -
FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of a magazine for a firearm in the form of a revolver, shown partially in section, -
FIG. 5 is a front elevation o the magazine ofFIG. 3 for use in the pistol ofFIG. 1 or 2, -
FIG. 6 is an underneath plan view of the magazine ofFIG. 3 , -
FIG. 7 shows a section taken on the line VII-VII ofFIG. 5 , -
FIG. 8 shows a perspective view of a powder dosing device, -
FIG. 9 shows a perspective, partially sectional view of a primer inserting tool for inserting primers into the magazine ofFIG. 3 , -
FIG. 10 shows a perspective view of a tool for removing used primers from and seating projectiles into the magazine ofFIG. 3 , -
FIG. 11 shows half in elevation and half in axial section a soft-metallic, wad-cutting bullet, -
FIG. 12 is an elevational view of a rifle bullet body, and -
FIG. 13 is a fragmentary elevational view of the bullet with a drive band installed. - Referring to
FIGS. 1 and 2 , thefirearm 2 includes a body 3 which mounts a trigger mechanism that includes a trigger 4. When the trigger 4 inFIG. 1 is pulled backwards by a shooter's finger, atrigger bar 6, urged against aset screw 5 in the body 3 bycompression springs transverse axis 8, so that firstly one and then the other of twoset screws 10 in thebar 6 and providing a so-called “two-stage trigger” press against abent 12 which is thereby turned, against the action of thecompression spring 13, anti-clockwise about atransverse axis 14. InFIG. 2 , the trigger 4 is, in this version, disposed more forwardly to lie almost directly beneath thetransverse axis 8. When the trigger 4 is pulled backwards by a shooter's finger, thetrigger bar 6, urged against theset screw 5 in the body 3 by thespring 7, moves anti-clockwise about thetransverse axis 8 to an extent limited by a set screw 9. Instead of the “two-stage trigger” arrangement provided by theset screws 10 ofFIG. 1 , there is, inFIG. 2 , a steppedportion 10′ in thetrigger bar 6, which, on the anti-clockwise motion of thetrigger bar 6 around theaxis 8, presses against the bent 12 which is, again, turned, against the action of thecompression spring 13, anti-clockwise about thetransverse axis 14. - In
FIGS. 1 and 2 , anabutment 16 on the bent 12 holds a sear 18 substantially stationary until the bent 12 turns to a point where theabutment 16 slides past the sear 18. At this point, the sear 18 is turned downwardly sharply, rotating anti-clockwise about atransverse axis 20 under the force acting on adetent 21 thereof from a firing pin 22 (shown inFIG. 1 in its position after firing and inFIG. 2 in its position before firing). When thefirearm 2 is in a cocked condition, thefiring pin 22 is in a position such that agroove 24 therein is engaged by thedetent 21 and acompression spring 26 is exerting a force on thepine 22 to the left inFIG. 2 . When thefiring pin 22 is released by the sear 18 thecompression spring 26 forces thepin 22 towards the front of thefirearm 2 and apoint 28 of thepin 22 penetrates into atransverse aperture 30 through the body 3. Forward of theaperture 30 is abore 32 of abarrel 34 of the firearm, a cocking mechanism of which includes aslide 36 reciprocable longitudinally of the firearm and urged forwardly by acompression spring 38 beneath thebarrel 34. Thespring 38 encircles a headedrod 40 which is fixed at is rearward end to theslide 36 and which at its headed forward end serves as an abutment for the forward end of thespring 38, the rearward end of which abuts against ashoulder 42 in the body 3. Theslide 36 has fixed thereto two upwardly projectingpins pin 46 is arranged to come to bear on anannular shoulder 48 of thefiring pin 22 when theslide 36 is displaced rearwardly against the action of thespring 38 and so pushes thefiring pin 22 back into its cocked position. That rearward stroke of thepin 46 is accompanies by a rearward stroke of thepin 44 from its full-line, foremost end position shown inFIG. 1 to itsrearmost end position 44′ shown in dot-dash lines (FIG. 2 shows the pin in itsrearward position 44′ only). - A
magazine 50, as shown inFIGS. 3, 5 , 6 and 7, is mountable in theaperture 30 so as to extend transversely of thefirearm 2 and is formed at its underneath surface with agroove system 52 of a zig-zag form in which thepin 44 engages, so that reciprocation of thepin 44 between its foremost and rearmost end positions produces reliably unidirectional linear stepwise advance of themagazine 50 through theaperture 30, each full reciprocation of thepin 44 ending with each of fivechambers 54 of themagazine 50 in turn aligned with thepoint 28 and thebarrel 32. Eachchamber 54 consists of a rearwardly open sub-chamber 56 for loading with a percussioncap type primer 63, a forwardly open sub-chamber 58 for loading, from the front, firstly with apropellant charge 63 into a propellant-receivingrearward portion 58′ and secondly with acylindrical bullet 64 into a projectile-receivingforward portion 58″, and ashort bore 60 interconnecting and co-axial with the sub-chambers 56 and 58. The boundary between the twoportions 58′ and 58″ is defined by abullet seating shoulder 58′″. - In use, with the
firing pin 22 already cocked, as shown inFIG. 2 , theslide 36 is displaced rearwards part-way and then a fully loadedmagazine 50 is inserted into theaperture 30 with itsend 50′ leading, so that thepin 44 can enter an open-sided end 52′ of thegroove system 52. Then theslide 36 is returned to its foremost position, so that thepin 44 rides into a first, forward, aligningportion 52 a of thesystem 52. The firearm can then be fired. A later full reciprocation of theslide 36 not only cocks thefiring pin 22 but also then brings thepin 44 into a second, forward, aligningportion 52 b of thesystem 52. The firing and cocking cycle is repeated until thepin 44 leaves theopposite end 52″ of thesystem 52. - In
FIG. 4 , themagazine 50 is in the form of a cylinder to be used with muzzle loading revolvers. Thechambers 54 are distributed around acentral bore 66 which runs longitudinally through thecylinder 50 for receiving a mounting pin of a revolver. Aratchet 68 of a ratchet mechanism produces reliable unidirectional stepwise advancement of thecylinder 50 through an aperture in the muzzle loading revolver, with each firing ending with each of sixchambers 54 of thecylinder 50 in turn aligned with the point of the firing pin and the barrel of the revolver. - Referring to
FIG. 8 , apowder dosing device 70 has apowder holding container 72 which is mounted on top of abody 74 and into which propellant powder is placed. The powder falls into an fills ahole 76 which is of a predetermined volume so that the exact amount of powder is measured to give optimum results on firing. Thehole 76 is formed in areciprocable bar 78 contained within thebody 74. Thebar 78 has anarm 80 coaxially attached to it which extends externally of thebody 74 and terminates in aflat button 82. Once powder has filled the hole 76 a shooter pushes thebutton 82 towards thebody 74 with his finger or thumb to move thebar 78 against the action of acompression sprint 84. This moves thehole 76 inwards until it becomes aligned over anopening 86 through which the powder contained within thehole 76 empties into aconduit 88. Theconduit 88 is of an external diameter to fit into thesub-chambers 58 of themagazine 50. In this way, the exact amount of propellant material can be delivered into any one of the propellant-receivingportions 58′ of the sub-chambers 58. If too much propellant material is placed into theportion 58′, by the shooter's inadvertently loading the sub-chamber 58 twice or more with a dosage of propellant before firing, such overcharging being potentially dangerous for the shooter, thebullet 64 will protrude from the sub-chamber 58 in question. This prevents themagazine 50 from passing through theaperture 30 in either the pistol ofFIG. 1 or 2 or the revolver at least to an extent to allow that particular sub-chamber 58 to reach a firing position and therefore prevents any consequential accidents whilst shooting. -
FIG. 9 shows aprimer inserting tool 90. Themagazine 50 ofFIGS. 3, 5 , 6 and 7 fits into a supportingseat 92 with the sub-chamber 56 for receiving a primer facing inwardly towards aprimer inserting plunger 94. Located between anend 100 of theplunger 94 and theseat 92 is a conduit 95 in which primers, from aprimer storage device 98, align themselves in a single column. The primer located at the base of that column lies immediately in front of theend 100 of theplunger 94 and immediately behind an alignedsub-chamber 56 of amagazine 50 in theseat 92. Anoperating press 102 is connected to theplunger 94, and by the shooter's pressing down on apad 104 of thepress 102 theplunger 94 is pushed forward against the action of aspring 106. The forward movement of theplunger 94 causes itsend 100 to force the primer, located at the base of the column in theconduit 96, into the alignedsub-chamber 56 of themagazine 50 located in theseat 92. Theseat 92 has on its base apin 108 for engaging in thegroove system 52 on the base of themagazine 50 for aligning each sub-chamber 56. The shooter manually places the magazine in theseat 92 to align a particular sub-chamber 56 in the magazine to be loaded with a primer, with thepin 108 holding steady the magazine in theseat 92. The shooter repeats this procedure for each sub-chamber 56, with themagazine 50 being advanced through theseat 92 by the shooter. - Referring to
FIG. 10 , a magazine de-primer andprojectile loading tool 112 comprises abase 114, amagazine supporting section 116 which includes ade-priming seat 116′ and aprojectile loading seat 116″, ade-priming pin 118, aprojectile loading pin 120 having a concavepressing surface 121, and ahandle 122. Thepins handle 122 by way of pin-and-slot connections 123 and are vertically guided in respective cylindrical bores in ahorizontal arm 125 fixed relative to thebase 114. The other end of thede-priming pin 118 is suspended by thehandle 122 over thede-priming seat 116′. Likewise, the other end of theprojectile loading pin 120 is suspended by thehandle 122 over theprojectile loading seat 116″. Once propellant material has been dosed in theportion 58′ thebullet 64 Is inserted into theportion 58″. Themagazine 50, with each of its sub-chambers 58 loaded with the propellant material and a bullet loosely seated, is then placed in theseat 116″ of thetool 112 with the sub-chamber 58 and thebullet 64 facing vertically upwards towards thepin 120. By the shooter's operating thehandle 122, thepin 120 pushes the bullet further into the sub-chamber 58 to seat it finally against theshoulder 58′″. This operation is repeated for each sub-chamber 58, with themagazine 50 being advanced through theseat 116″ by the shooter. - Once a magazine has been used by the shooter, the used percussion cap primers need to be removed before the magazine can be used again. The magazine is placed in the
de-priming seat 116′ with the sub-chamber 58 facing upwards towards thepin 118. Thede-priming part 124 of thepin 118 is shaped to fit into the sub-chamber 58 with itspoint 126 designed to project through theshort bore 60 and push any used primer out of the sub-chamber 56. The used primers fall through theseat 116′ and abore 128 in thebody 114 into aprimer collecting cavity 130. Aplug 131 for closing the opening to thecavity 130 can be removed from thebody 114 to permit disposal of used primers collected therein. - Each of the firearms shown in
FIGS. 1 and 2 and the revolver can be made to order to provide a safe smokeless powder gun for those interested in such shooting and can be provided, in package form, with one or more of the powder dosing device, the primer inserting tool and the de-priming and projectile-loading tool described with reference to FIGS. 8 to 10. - Referring to
FIG. 11 , thebullet 64 is a wad-cutting, flat-based bullet and has acylindrical body 140 of a caliber to be loaded into thesub-chamber 58 of themagazine 50. Thebullet 64 is also of a sufficient overall length that, when thebullet 64 is loaded into thesub-chamber 58 of themagazine 50 subsequent to a single measured dose propellant material using thepowder dosing device 70, the tip of adomed portion 142 of thebullet 64 is substantially co-planar with the rim of the front opening of the sub-chamber 58. Therefore, as already mentioned with reference toFIG. 8 , if more than a single dose of propellant material were to be placed in theportion 58′, the bullet will protrude from the sub-chamber 58 and therefore indicate a potentially dangerous overcharging. Thepressing surface 121 matches the surface of thedome 142 and cooperates therewith to align the sub-chamber 58, and thus themagazine 50, with thepin 120. - The
bullet 64 also has at its rear end a gas-check cap 144 of any suitable material, preferably copper. Thebody 140 of thebullet 64 is composed of a soft metallic material, softer than copper, preferably a mixture of predominantly lead and a small amount of tin, for example a mixture of 99.5% lead and 0.5% tin, the tin being present to prevent the oxidization of the lead. This relatively soft metallic material enables the rear end of thebody 140 of thebullet 64 to be squeezed into thecap 144 during forming of the bullet. Thecap 144 prevents damage to the base of thebullet 64. Owing to the anti-overcharging feature, thebullet 64 is pressed down on the propellant material in the sub-chamber 58 when loaded into themagazine 50, leaving in the sub-chamber 58 no expansion volume for gas when the propellant material is ignited on firing. In the absence of such acap 144, the large and sudden pressure increase at the base of thebullet 64, caused by the ignition of the propellant material, would deform the relatively softmetallic body 140, possibly leading to the soft metallic material of thebullet 64 becoming spattered around inside the sub-chamber 58. Thecap 144 prevents such deforming of thebullet 64 on firing and therefore provides for consistent shooting. Consistent shooting of thebullet 64 can be aided by a lubricating fluid applied, particularly, to that surface of thebullet 64 which contacts the wall of the sub-chamber 58. The application of the lubricating fluid removes the need for the bullet to include grease grooves around its circumference. - At its front end, the
bullet 64 has an annular wad-cuttingridge 146 to cut through and thus clearly mark a position on a target where the bullet hits that target. - Referring to
FIGS. 12 and 13 , abullet 200 has abody 202 which has a similar profile to existing rifle bullets with a boat-tailedrear portion 204. However, thebody 202 also has a co-axial,annular recess 206 in a mid-portion of thebody 202. - The
body 202 is of an optimal weight achieved by using heavier and harder material than that of conventional rifle bullets. Thebody 202 is made from a non-ductile hard metal or hard metal matrix, and preferably of alcanite (sintered tungsten and copper). This results in thebody 202 being harder than the rifle barrel out of which thebullet 200 will be shot. Thus, thebullet 200 cannot be made to swage into the rifling of the barrel. The portion of thebody 202 a of thebody 202 where the diameter of thebody 202 is greatest is, therefore, designed to fit the bore of the rifle barrel with a close tolerance to keep it precisely aligned with the barrel axis. Additionally, the hardnon-deforming body 202 will preserve the dynamic balance of thebullet 200. Furthermore, the increased weight of thebullet 200 allows its length to be kept at an optimal minimum. In this way, the amounts of energy wasted as heat when thebullet 200 travels through the barrel is minimized. - The Greenhill formula:
where: T is the twist required (number of inches for one revolution), D is the bullet diameter (in inches) and R is the bullet length to diameter ratio (length divided by diameter),
establishes the barrel twist necessarily so that a bullet of a given length will be adequately stabilized. - It should be noted that the use of heavier material and the effect of shortening the overall length for a given weight, means that to comply with Greenhill's formula the
bullet 200 does not have to spin so fast to maintain stability. Therefore, less energy is expended to impart spin which means more energy to impart forward motion which further means that a higher thermal efficient is achieved. - In order to impart the desired spin to the
bullet 200 that the rifling generates and referring toFIG. 2 , thebullet body 202 carries a closelyencircling drive band 208 of a ductile material and fitted into theannular recess 206. Once fitted on thebullet body 202, theband 208 has a slightly larger diameter than thepart 202 a where the diameter of thebody 202 is greatest and theband 208 is designed to seal thebullet 200 against the barrel wall. The material for theband 208 needs to be both ductile enough to swage readily into the rifling and strong enough in shear to spin the bullet without distortion. Theband 208 thus takes the rifling of the barrel with the minimum force. It is desirable that in sealing thebullet 200 within the rifle barrel the seal should be adequate, but should not generate excessive friction in the barrel. Therefore, the contact area between thebullet 200 and the barrel is kept as small as possible. To enable theband 208 to engage the rifling without exerting excessive force on the barrel or attempting to distort the bullet, theband 208 may have a series ofalternate ridges 210, the diameter of which is equal to the rifled diameter, andgrooves 212 which have a diameter smaller than the rifle barrel bore diameter. When thebullet 200 is fired the ductile material of eachridge 210 is displaced by the forward motion of thebullet 200 engaging into the rifling and is easily swaged into the immediately followinggroove 212 without increasing pressure between the bullet an the barrel. - The
band 208 can be made of any suitable ductile metallic or non-metallic material and is attached to thebody 202 securely in therecess 206. This can be done by mechanical means if theband 208 is made of ductile metal such as copper, or by molding-on if it is made from a suitable ductile polymer. - The profile of the
bullet 200, which is similar to that of current types, gives the desired performance owing to its aerodynamic efficiency. However, thebullet 200, once fired, remains supersonic for a longer period of time. The result of having theheavy bullet body 202 at a minimum length together with adrive band 208 is that less pressure is generated in the breech and the time that thebullet 200 spends in the barrel is reduced with reduced friction being imparted on thebullet 200. This gives a higher muzzle velocity, extended range and more uniform performance with any bullet/cartridge/powder-charge combination. - The
bullet 200 thus allows a shooter to shoot, with accuracy, over a longer range for a given size of the fire arm. Thus, for a given range desired, the size of arm to be carried is kept to a minimum. This removes the harmonic effect (the way a barrel “wags”) which is a result of increasing barrel length when achieving longer ranges with the larger of the small arms.
Claims (19)
1-46. (canceled)
47. A small arms bullet comprised of a bullet body of a non-ductile metallic substance and of circular cylindrical form having tow ends and a ductile drive band closely encircling said bullet body at a location between said two ends.
48. A bullet according to claim 47 , wherein the maximum external diameter of said band is greater than the maximum external diameter of said body.
49. A bullet according to claim 47 , wherein said drive band comprises a ridge and a groove about its circumference, and said ridge is located ahead of said groove and projects radially outwardly beyond an external peripheral surface of said body.
50. A bullet according to claim 49 , wherein the maximum external diameter of said band is greater than the maximum external diameter of said body and is a maximum external diameter of said ridge.
51. A bullet according to claim 47 , wherein said drive band comprises ridges and grooves about its circumference, and each ridge is located immediately ahead of an associated groove and projects radially outwardly beyond an external peripheral surface of said body.
52. A bullet comprised of a bullet body and a ductile drive band closely encircling said bullet body, wherein said drive band comprises a ridge and a groove about its circumference, and said ridge is located ahead of said groove and projects radially outwardly beyond an external peripheral surface of said body.
53. A bullet according to claim 52 , wherein the maximum external diameter of said band is greater than the maximum external diameter of said body and is a maximum external diameter of said ridge.
54. A gun comprising a magazine for holding a plurality of projectiles, a body, a trigger mechanism for triggering the firing of a projectile from said magazine, a barrel for receiving and ejecting the fired projectile, a traversing mechanism for advancing said magazine stepwise and unidirectionally through a transverse aperture through said body, said magazine being arranged to be loaded with said projectiles from the front of said magazine into a plurality of chambers each having an opening at said front of said magazine, a propellant-material-receiving, rearward portion and a projectile-receiving, forward portion, the arrangement being such that, if a double charge of propellant material is loaded in said chamber, a projectile then loaded in said chamber would extend beyond said front of said magazine so that said magazine would be prevented from advancing through said transverse aperture.
55. A gun according to claim 54 , wherein a bullet-seating shoulder defines the boundary between said rearward portion and said forward portion.
56. A gun according to claim 54 , wherein each chamber includes a rearwardly open sub-chamber for loading with a primer, and a short bore interconnecting said sub-chamber and said rearward portion.
57. A gun according to claim 54 , wherein said magazine is a linearly displaceable, load block.
58. A gun according to claim 54 , wherein said magazine is a rotary cylinder.
59. In combination:
a gun comprising a magazine for holding a plurality of projectiles, a body, a trigger mechanism for triggering the firing of a projectile from said magazine, a barrel for receiving and ejecting the fired projectile, a traversing mechanism for advancing said magazine stepwise and unidirectionally through a transverse aperture through said body, said magazine being arranged to be loaded with said projectiles from the front of said magazine into a plurality of chambers each having an opening at said front of said magazine, a propellant-material-receiving, rearward portion and a projectile-receiving, forward portion,
propellant material in said rearward portion, and
a cylindrical bullet in said forward portion.
60. A gun according to claim 59 , wherein a bullet-seating shoulder defines the boundary between said rearward portion and said forward portion.
61. A gun according to claim 59 , wherein each chamber includes a rearwardly open sub-chamber for loading with a primer, and a short bore interconnecting said sub-chamber and said rearward portion.
62. A gun according to claim 59 , wherein said magazine is a linearly displaceable, load block.
63. A gun according to claim 59 , wherein said magazine is a rotary cylinder.
64. A gun comprising a magazine for holding a plurality of projectiles, a body, guiding surface portions of said body and serving to guide linearly advance of said magazine through a transverse aperture through said body, a trigger mechanism for triggering the firing of a projectile from said magazine, a barrel for receiving and ejecting the fired projectile, a traversing mechanism for advancing said magazine stepwise and unidirectionally through said transverse aperture, said magazine being arranged to be loaded with said projectiles from the front of said magazine.
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US20100269725A1 (en) * | 2001-09-27 | 2010-10-28 | Hall Daniel W | Gas check with system for improved loading and retention in bore of muzzleloading firearms |
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US20230400279A1 (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2023-12-14 | Umarex Usa, Inc. | Dynamic sealing chamber magazine |
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US20100269725A1 (en) * | 2001-09-27 | 2010-10-28 | Hall Daniel W | Gas check with system for improved loading and retention in bore of muzzleloading firearms |
US7568431B1 (en) * | 2003-01-13 | 2009-08-04 | Pacific Coast Systems | Multi-purpose pyrotechnic trainer |
US7597047B2 (en) | 2006-06-30 | 2009-10-06 | Raytheon Company | Simulating an explosion of an improvised explosive device |
US20080000377A1 (en) * | 2006-06-30 | 2008-01-03 | Thomas Doyle | Simulating An Explosion Of An Improvised Explosive Device |
US7802394B1 (en) * | 2007-09-07 | 2010-09-28 | David John Bartoli | Rifle barrel and method of determining rifling twist for very long range accuracy |
US8011928B1 (en) | 2007-11-27 | 2011-09-06 | Pacific Coast Systems | Mine-like explosion simulator |
US9488432B2 (en) * | 2008-12-31 | 2016-11-08 | Smith & Wesson Corp. | Yoke and cylinder retaining mechanism |
US20100170129A1 (en) * | 2008-12-31 | 2010-07-08 | Smith & Wesson Corp. | Firearm having nonmetallic components |
US8549782B2 (en) * | 2008-12-31 | 2013-10-08 | Smith & Wesson Corp. | Firearm having an indexing mechanism |
US8789303B2 (en) | 2008-12-31 | 2014-07-29 | Smith & Wesson Corp. | Firing pin blocking safety |
US20140331536A1 (en) * | 2008-12-31 | 2014-11-13 | Smith & Wesson Corp. | Yoke And Cylinder Retaining Mechanism |
US9777982B2 (en) | 2008-12-31 | 2017-10-03 | Smith & Wesson Corp. | Shrouded barrel and sight for revolver |
US20100307365A1 (en) * | 2009-06-04 | 2010-12-09 | Real Action Paintball Inc. | Simulated land mine |
US8113838B2 (en) * | 2009-06-04 | 2012-02-14 | Real Action Paintball Inc. | Simulated land mine |
US8479651B2 (en) | 2011-01-11 | 2013-07-09 | Pacific Coast Systems | Pyrotechnic training system |
US20130091752A1 (en) * | 2011-10-18 | 2013-04-18 | Todd Matthew Ervin | EZ loader for 5 & 6 shot revolvers black powder pellet and ball 31, 36, 44 and 45 calibers |
US9021735B2 (en) | 2011-10-18 | 2015-05-05 | Todd ERVIN | Black powder pellet loader for a revolver |
US20230400279A1 (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2023-12-14 | Umarex Usa, Inc. | Dynamic sealing chamber magazine |
US12092423B2 (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2024-09-17 | Umarex Usa, Inc. | Dynamic sealing chamber magazine |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2002073115A1 (en) | 2002-09-19 |
EP1368608A1 (en) | 2003-12-10 |
US20080016745A1 (en) | 2008-01-24 |
CZ20032719A3 (en) | 2004-03-17 |
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Legal Events
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