US20050044883A1 - Economizer chamber for minimizing pressure pulsations - Google Patents
Economizer chamber for minimizing pressure pulsations Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20050044883A1 US20050044883A1 US10/650,300 US65030003A US2005044883A1 US 20050044883 A1 US20050044883 A1 US 20050044883A1 US 65030003 A US65030003 A US 65030003A US 2005044883 A1 US2005044883 A1 US 2005044883A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- baffle
- economizer
- plate
- baffle plate
- seal plate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B43/00—Arrangements for separating or purifying gases or liquids; Arrangements for vaporising the residuum of liquid refrigerant, e.g. by heat
- F25B43/006—Accumulators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
- F25B41/31—Expansion valves
- F25B41/315—Expansion valves actuated by floats
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/13—Economisers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/23—Separators
Definitions
- the present invention relates to baffle assembly for use in an economizer chamber for minimizing pressure pulsations.
- Float valves are typically used in water cooled chillers to maintain a liquid seal and for controlling coolant flow to the evaporator.
- capacity and performance are improved through the use of an economizer cycle.
- the economizer flow is introduced into the screw compressor chamber between inlet and outlet ports.
- the screw compressor is a positive displacement compressor, it produces high pressure pulsations.
- the float valve located in the economizer chamber is subjected to these pulsations and can experience failure. What is therefore needed is a design of an economizer which minimizes the pressure pulsations experienced by the float valve.
- a baffle for use in a refrigerator apparatus comprises a baffle plate comprising a first and a second opposing sides attached to an inner surface of the refrigerator apparatus, a baffle seal plate attached along a third side of the baffle plate, the baffle seal plate attached to the inner surface of the refrigerator apparatus.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective illustration of an economizer known in the art.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective illustration of an economizer of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is an exploded view of the baffle of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a graph of acceleration experienced by a float valve both with and without the baffle of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram of the baffle of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 there is illustrated an economizer 15 known in the art.
- the economizer 15 is substantially cylindrical in nature terminated at both ends by end plates 31 , 31 ′. Extending through one of the end plates 31 is spray pipes 13 which transmits fluid and gas from the condenser. Exiting from the body of the economizer 15 is discharge pipe 9 . Discharge pipe 9 carries gas to the compressor.
- FIG. 2 there is illustrated the inside of an economizer 15 of the present invention showing more clearly the composition of the spray pipe 13 .
- spray pipe 13 extends in a direction generally perpendicular to either one of the end plates 31 , into the interior cavity of the economizer 15 bonded by the inner surface 25 of the economizer 15 .
- a series of orifices, or perforations, extend through the discharge pipe 9 through which liquid may be transmitted from inside spray pipe 13 into the interior cavity of the economizer 15 .
- baffle plate 11 of the present invention Baffle plate 11 is a generally planer member having at least two opposing parallel sides or edges. These two parallel sides are attached along the inner surface 25 of the economizer 15 . In the preferred embodiment illustrated, baffle plate 11 is welded to the sides of the economizer 15 .
- baffle plate 11 is aligned along the axis of discharge pipe 9 such that baffle plate 11 is interposed between spray pipes 13 and discharge pipe 9 .
- baffle plate 11 is further attached along one edge to a baffle seal plate 21 .
- Baffle seal plate 21 is preferably welded to baffle plate 11 along a single edge of baffle seal plate 21 .
- baffle seal 21 is welded along a continuous, alternate edge to the inner surface of the economizer 15 .
- liquid from the condenser enters into the economizer 15 chamber which is maintained at a lower pressure by the compressor.
- the liquid traveling into the spray pipe 13 expands into a two-phase flow with the vapor going into the compressor where it is compressed to higher pressure and is discharged into the condenser. This is achieved by movement of the liquid through the perforations in the spray pipe 13 as described above.
- Liquid from the economizer 15 chamber travels via a float valve which is not illustrated through discharge pipe 51 .
- the pressure pulsations in the economizer chamber are substantial. These pulsations result in a high deflection of the float valve.
- the baffle of the present invention acts as a barrier to reduce the pressure pulsations felt by the float valve and hence reduces the force experienced by the float valve.
- FIG. 4 there is illustrated the acceleration experienced by a float valve in an economizer 15 .
- FIG. 3 is a graph of the excitation frequency of the input pulsations versus the acceleration experience of the float valve both with a baffle and without a baffle. As is evident, there is a significant diminution in the acceleration experience by the float valve in the instance when the baffle of the present invention is added to the economizer 15 .
- baffle plate 11 is separated from end plate 31 by a distance 51 .
- Baffle plate 11 is offset from endplate 31 by a distance 61 sufficient to position baffle plate 11 between spray pipe 13 and discharge pipe 9 .
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Applications Or Details Of Rotary Compressors (AREA)
- Compressor (AREA)
- Cold Air Circulating Systems And Constructional Details In Refrigerators (AREA)
Abstract
A baffle for use in a refrigerator apparatus comprises a baffle plate comprising a first and a second opposing sides attached to an inner surface of the refrigerator apparatus, a baffle seal plate attached along a third side of the baffle plate, the baffle plate seal plate attached to the inner surface of the refrigerator apparatus.
Description
- (1) Field of the Invention
- The present invention relates to baffle assembly for use in an economizer chamber for minimizing pressure pulsations.
- (2) Description of the Related Art
- Float valves are typically used in water cooled chillers to maintain a liquid seal and for controlling coolant flow to the evaporator. In screw chillers, capacity and performance are improved through the use of an economizer cycle. During such a cycle, the economizer flow is introduced into the screw compressor chamber between inlet and outlet ports. As the screw compressor is a positive displacement compressor, it produces high pressure pulsations. The float valve located in the economizer chamber is subjected to these pulsations and can experience failure. What is therefore needed is a design of an economizer which minimizes the pressure pulsations experienced by the float valve.
- Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a baffle for use in an economizer chamber for minimizing pressure pulsations.
- In accordance with the present invention, a baffle for use in a refrigerator apparatus comprises a baffle plate comprising a first and a second opposing sides attached to an inner surface of the refrigerator apparatus, a baffle seal plate attached along a third side of the baffle plate, the baffle seal plate attached to the inner surface of the refrigerator apparatus.
-
FIG. 1 is a perspective illustration of an economizer known in the art. -
FIG. 2 is a perspective illustration of an economizer of the present invention -
FIG. 3 is an exploded view of the baffle of the present invention. -
FIG. 4 is a graph of acceleration experienced by a float valve both with and without the baffle of the present invention. -
FIG. 5 is a diagram of the baffle of the present invention. - It is therefore a central purpose of the present invention to provide a baffle for use in an economizer which serves to substantially reduce in intensity the magnitude of the pulsations experienced by a float valve. With reference to
FIG. 1 , there is illustrated aneconomizer 15 known in the art. Theeconomizer 15 is substantially cylindrical in nature terminated at both ends byend plates end plates 31 isspray pipes 13 which transmits fluid and gas from the condenser. Exiting from the body of theeconomizer 15 isdischarge pipe 9.Discharge pipe 9 carries gas to the compressor. - With reference to
FIG. 2 , there is illustrated the inside of aneconomizer 15 of the present invention showing more clearly the composition of thespray pipe 13. As is evident,spray pipe 13 extends in a direction generally perpendicular to either one of theend plates 31, into the interior cavity of theeconomizer 15 bonded by theinner surface 25 of theeconomizer 15. A series of orifices, or perforations, extend through thedischarge pipe 9 through which liquid may be transmitted from insidespray pipe 13 into the interior cavity of theeconomizer 15. There is further illustrated thebaffle plate 11 of the present invention. Baffleplate 11 is a generally planer member having at least two opposing parallel sides or edges. These two parallel sides are attached along theinner surface 25 of theeconomizer 15. In the preferred embodiment illustrated,baffle plate 11 is welded to the sides of theeconomizer 15. - With reference to
FIG. 3 , there are illustrated the central elements of the present invention without the outer shell of theeconomizer 15. In the preferred embodiment illustrated,baffle plate 11 is aligned along the axis ofdischarge pipe 9 such thatbaffle plate 11 is interposed betweenspray pipes 13 anddischarge pipe 9. As noted above there is a float valve suspended at a terminus ofdischarge pipe 9 which is not illustrated. In a preferred embodiment,baffle plate 11 is further attached along one edge to abaffle seal plate 21. Baffleseal plate 21 is preferably welded tobaffle plate 11 along a single edge ofbaffle seal plate 21. In addition,baffle seal 21 is welded along a continuous, alternate edge to the inner surface of theeconomizer 15. In this manner a concavity is created by thebaffle plate 11, thebaffle seal plate 21 and theinner surface 25 of theeconomizer 15. The concavity thus formed is continuous and preferably without interruption or perforations. The path of gas from the economizer to the compressor is shown by arrows inFIG. 5 . - In normal operation, liquid from the condenser enters into the
economizer 15 chamber which is maintained at a lower pressure by the compressor. The liquid traveling into thespray pipe 13 expands into a two-phase flow with the vapor going into the compressor where it is compressed to higher pressure and is discharged into the condenser. This is achieved by movement of the liquid through the perforations in thespray pipe 13 as described above. Liquid from theeconomizer 15 chamber travels via a float valve which is not illustrated throughdischarge pipe 51. In the absence of thebaffle plate 11 of the present invention, the pressure pulsations in the economizer chamber are substantial. These pulsations result in a high deflection of the float valve. - However, the baffle of the present invention, comprised of the
baffle plate 11 and thebaffle seal plate 21, acts as a barrier to reduce the pressure pulsations felt by the float valve and hence reduces the force experienced by the float valve. With reference toFIG. 4 there is illustrated the acceleration experienced by a float valve in aneconomizer 15.FIG. 3 is a graph of the excitation frequency of the input pulsations versus the acceleration experience of the float valve both with a baffle and without a baffle. As is evident, there is a significant diminution in the acceleration experience by the float valve in the instance when the baffle of the present invention is added to theeconomizer 15. - With reference to
FIG. 5 , there is illustrated in cross-section the baffle of the present invention. Note thatbaffle plate 11 is separated fromend plate 31 by adistance 51.Baffle plate 11 is offset fromendplate 31 by adistance 61 sufficient to positionbaffle plate 11 betweenspray pipe 13 anddischarge pipe 9. - It is apparent that there has been provided in accordance with the present invention an economizer chamber for minimizing pressure pulsations which fully satisfies the objects, means, and advantages set forth previously herein. While the present invention has been described in the context of specific embodiments thereof, other alternatives, modifications, and variations will become apparent to those skilled in the art having read the foregoing description. Accordingly, it is intended to embrace those alternatives, modifications, and variations as fall within the broad scope of the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A baffle for use in refrigerator apparatus comprising:
a baffle plate comprising:
a first and a second opposing sides attached to an inner surface of said refrigerator apparatus; and
a baffle seal plate attached along a third side of said baffle plate said baffle seal plate attached to said inner surface of said refrigerator apparatus.
2. The baffle of claim 1 wherein said baffle plate, said baffle seal plate, and said inner surface define a concavity.
3. The baffle of claim 2 wherein a discharge pipe extends from a portion of said inner surface forming said concavity.
4. The baffle of claim 1 wherein said refrigerator apparatus comprises an economizer.
5. The baffle of claim 2 wherein said baffle plate is welded to said inner surface.
6. The baffle of claim 2 wherein said baffle seal plate is welded to said baffle plate.
7. The baffle of claim 2 wherein said baffle seal plate is welded to said inner surface.
8. An economizer assembly, compromising an economizer chamber having an outlet and an inlet; and
a baffle structure positioned between said outlet and said inlet to dampen at least one flow pulsation from said inlet.
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/650,300 US6851277B1 (en) | 2003-08-27 | 2003-08-27 | Economizer chamber for minimizing pressure pulsations |
KR1020067002933A KR100778179B1 (en) | 2003-08-27 | 2004-08-10 | Economizer chamber for minimizing pressure pulsations |
PCT/US2004/025766 WO2005022054A1 (en) | 2003-08-27 | 2004-08-10 | Economizer chamber for minimizing pressure pulsations |
EP04780576A EP1671068B1 (en) | 2003-08-27 | 2004-08-10 | Economizer chamber for minimizing pressure pulsations |
CN2004800246909A CN1842685B (en) | 2003-08-27 | 2004-08-10 | Economizer chamber for minimizing pressure pulsations |
AT04780576T ATE556281T1 (en) | 2003-08-27 | 2004-08-10 | ECONOMISER CHAMBER TO MINIMIZE PRESSURE PULSATION |
US11/053,717 US7069741B2 (en) | 2003-08-27 | 2005-02-07 | Economizer chamber for minimizing pressure pulsations |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/650,300 US6851277B1 (en) | 2003-08-27 | 2003-08-27 | Economizer chamber for minimizing pressure pulsations |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/053,717 Continuation US7069741B2 (en) | 2003-08-27 | 2005-02-07 | Economizer chamber for minimizing pressure pulsations |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US6851277B1 US6851277B1 (en) | 2005-02-08 |
US20050044883A1 true US20050044883A1 (en) | 2005-03-03 |
Family
ID=34104697
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/650,300 Expired - Lifetime US6851277B1 (en) | 2003-08-27 | 2003-08-27 | Economizer chamber for minimizing pressure pulsations |
US11/053,717 Expired - Lifetime US7069741B2 (en) | 2003-08-27 | 2005-02-07 | Economizer chamber for minimizing pressure pulsations |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/053,717 Expired - Lifetime US7069741B2 (en) | 2003-08-27 | 2005-02-07 | Economizer chamber for minimizing pressure pulsations |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US6851277B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1671068B1 (en) |
KR (1) | KR100778179B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1842685B (en) |
AT (1) | ATE556281T1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2005022054A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20070251256A1 (en) * | 2006-03-20 | 2007-11-01 | Pham Hung M | Flash tank design and control for heat pumps |
US20100326130A1 (en) * | 2008-02-01 | 2010-12-30 | Yasutaka Takada | Economizer |
WO2017100052A1 (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2017-06-15 | Carrier Corporation | Economizer and refrigeration system having the same |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101809251B (en) * | 2007-10-01 | 2013-07-17 | 开利公司 | Screw compressor pulsation damper |
EP2209968B1 (en) * | 2007-10-10 | 2018-01-24 | Carrier Corporation | Slide valve system for a screw compressor |
CN102272541B (en) * | 2008-12-29 | 2013-11-06 | 开利公司 | Truck trailer refrigeration system |
KR101155701B1 (en) | 2010-02-25 | 2012-06-12 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | Economizer with fluid velocity reduction apparatus and multi-stage compressing refrigeration apparatus having the same |
WO2012112338A2 (en) | 2011-02-14 | 2012-08-23 | Carrier Corporation | Liquid vapor phase separation apparatus |
WO2014106252A1 (en) | 2012-12-31 | 2014-07-03 | Trane International Inc. | Economizer injection assembly and method |
CN106352608B (en) * | 2015-07-13 | 2021-06-15 | 开利公司 | Economizer component and refrigerating system with same |
US10830239B2 (en) | 2015-08-11 | 2020-11-10 | Carrier Corporation | Refrigeration compressor fittings |
RU2737072C2 (en) | 2015-08-11 | 2020-11-24 | Кэрриер Корпорейшн | Compressor, method of its use and steam compression system |
CN108138775B (en) | 2015-10-02 | 2020-11-20 | 开利公司 | Screw compressor resonator array |
EP3832242B1 (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2024-09-18 | York (Wuxi) Air Conditioning And Refrigeration Co., Ltd. | Condenser |
Citations (3)
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---|---|---|---|---|
US4232533A (en) * | 1979-06-29 | 1980-11-11 | The Trane Company | Multi-stage economizer |
US6220050B1 (en) * | 1998-11-24 | 2001-04-24 | Tecumseh Products Company | Suction accumulator |
US6536230B2 (en) * | 2001-01-22 | 2003-03-25 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | A/D baffle for gas pressure pulsation reduction |
Family Cites Families (11)
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US2312312A (en) * | 1941-10-17 | 1943-03-02 | York Ice Machinery Corp | Evaporator |
US4035171A (en) * | 1976-04-26 | 1977-07-12 | John Zink Company | Gas liquid separator for flare systems |
JPS56143801A (en) * | 1980-04-11 | 1981-11-09 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Accumulator |
US4526012A (en) * | 1982-09-29 | 1985-07-02 | Kanto Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid temperature regulator |
JPS63199984A (en) | 1987-02-12 | 1988-08-18 | Toshiba Eng Co Ltd | Float valve |
DE3705849A1 (en) * | 1987-02-24 | 1988-09-01 | Sueddeutsche Kuehler Behr | Refrigerating plant |
US4899555A (en) * | 1989-05-19 | 1990-02-13 | Carrier Corporation | Evaporator feed system with flash cooled motor |
EP0931235A1 (en) * | 1996-10-09 | 1999-07-28 | York International A/S | Separator for separating a liquid from a gas |
CN2280261Y (en) * | 1996-11-28 | 1998-04-29 | 衡阳市经发制冷空调实业有限公司 | Hot water type boiler of refrigerator |
JPH11324919A (en) | 1998-05-11 | 1999-11-26 | Toyota Autom Loom Works Ltd | Method and device for restraining resonance |
US6477857B2 (en) * | 2000-03-15 | 2002-11-12 | Denso Corporation | Ejector cycle system with critical refrigerant pressure |
-
2003
- 2003-08-27 US US10/650,300 patent/US6851277B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2004
- 2004-08-10 WO PCT/US2004/025766 patent/WO2005022054A1/en active Application Filing
- 2004-08-10 KR KR1020067002933A patent/KR100778179B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-08-10 CN CN2004800246909A patent/CN1842685B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-08-10 AT AT04780576T patent/ATE556281T1/en active
- 2004-08-10 EP EP04780576A patent/EP1671068B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2005
- 2005-02-07 US US11/053,717 patent/US7069741B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4232533A (en) * | 1979-06-29 | 1980-11-11 | The Trane Company | Multi-stage economizer |
US6220050B1 (en) * | 1998-11-24 | 2001-04-24 | Tecumseh Products Company | Suction accumulator |
US6536230B2 (en) * | 2001-01-22 | 2003-03-25 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | A/D baffle for gas pressure pulsation reduction |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20070251256A1 (en) * | 2006-03-20 | 2007-11-01 | Pham Hung M | Flash tank design and control for heat pumps |
US20080047292A1 (en) * | 2006-03-20 | 2008-02-28 | Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc. | Flash tank design and control for heat pumps |
US20080047284A1 (en) * | 2006-03-20 | 2008-02-28 | Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc. | Flash tank design and control for heat pumps |
US7827809B2 (en) | 2006-03-20 | 2010-11-09 | Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc. | Flash tank design and control for heat pumps |
US8020402B2 (en) | 2006-03-20 | 2011-09-20 | Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc. | Flash tank design and control for heat pumps |
US8505331B2 (en) | 2006-03-20 | 2013-08-13 | Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc. | Flash tank design and control for heat pumps |
US20100326130A1 (en) * | 2008-02-01 | 2010-12-30 | Yasutaka Takada | Economizer |
US9027363B2 (en) * | 2008-02-01 | 2015-05-12 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Economizer having multiple liquid outlets and multiple float expansion valves |
WO2017100052A1 (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2017-06-15 | Carrier Corporation | Economizer and refrigeration system having the same |
US11408654B2 (en) | 2015-12-10 | 2022-08-09 | Carrier Corporation | Economizer and refrigeration system having the same |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR100778179B1 (en) | 2007-11-22 |
EP1671068B1 (en) | 2012-05-02 |
WO2005022054A1 (en) | 2005-03-10 |
CN1842685B (en) | 2012-11-07 |
EP1671068A1 (en) | 2006-06-21 |
US7069741B2 (en) | 2006-07-04 |
CN1842685A (en) | 2006-10-04 |
US20050144976A1 (en) | 2005-07-07 |
KR20060040734A (en) | 2006-05-10 |
ATE556281T1 (en) | 2012-05-15 |
US6851277B1 (en) | 2005-02-08 |
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