US20040074190A1

US20040074190A1 - Two-ply flooring having a cross-grain bottom ply

Info

Publication number: US20040074190A1
Application number: US10/408,010
Authority: US
Inventors: Hai Lin; Xufeng Xu
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2000-10-08
Filing date: 2003-04-04
Publication date: 2004-04-22

Abstract

A two-ply flooring plank is disclosed having two layers or “plies” with a bottom layer having a grain that runs generally transverse to a top layer (i.e., “cross-ply”) to provide dimensional stability to the plank. The bottom layer includes a number of strips secured to the bottom of the top layer. The bottom layer strips are also placed with gaps between the individual strips of the second layer to allow flexibility of the flooring plank, which allows the flooring to more easily conform to irregularities in a subfloor upon which the flooring plank is mounted.

Description

This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 09/839,078, filed Apr. 20, 2001, which claims priority of Chinese Patent No. 002 54152.1, filed Oct. 8, 2000. The contents of the proceeding applications are incorporated by reference here into this application.[0001]

Throughout this invention, various references are cited. Disclosures of these publications in their entireties are hereby incorporated by reference into this application to more fully describe the state of the art to which this invention pertains.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a flooring product having a two-ply construction that is mounted to a base subfloor and, more particularly, to a bamboo or wood flooring plank with a bottom ply having a grain direction transverse to a grain direction of the top ply.

Various wood and bamboo flooring products are known in the art. Typically, wood flooring products, for example, are constructed of strips or planks that are either glued or nailed to a subfloor. The planks are typically constructed with a tongue on one side and a groove on an opposite side. When the flooring product is installed the tongue of one plank is mated with a groove on an adjacent plank to lock the planks together side-by-side to form an assembled floor.

Problems that may arise in such flooring products include warping, twisting and buckling of the flooring planks. For example, when the subfloor has irregularities and unevenness, the planks, having little flexibility, do not entirely conform to the irregularities and uneven portions of the subfloor, thus contributing to the above enumerated problems. Furthermore, flooring planks having longer lengths are more prone to warping, cupping and twisting not only after installation on the subfloor, but also prior to installation, thereby rendering the plank unusable. Thus, if the flooring plank has little or no flexibility, planks may be unusable for installation.

Previous attempts to create a flexible flooring plank have included a three-piece laminated wood floor having top, intermediate and bottom layers. The top and bottom layers have the same grain orientation while the intermediate layer located between the top and bottom layers has a grain orientation perpendicular to the grain orientation of the surrounding layers. The bottom layer includes a multiplicity of closely spaced-apart, cross-cut scores that extend across the width of the flooring plank and allow a degree of flexibility of the flooring plank. However, the cross-cut scores of this prior art flooring plank do not extend completely through the entire depth of the bottom layer to maintain a degree of rigidity of the overall flooring plank. Furthermore, since the top and bottom layers have the same grain orientation the additional third intermediate layer needs to have a perpendicular grain in order to provide stability in the transverse direction. Accordingly, the prior art utilizes a higher amount of material to construct the flooring plank while still possessing a significant degree of inflexibility of the bottom layer contacting the subfloor because the cut scores do not extend entirely through the bottom layer.

Accordingly, there is a need for a flooring product having increased flexibility that also utilizes less material as well as possessing dimensional stability in both the longitudinal and traverse directions of the flooring plank.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A flexible flooring plank constructed according to the teachings of the present application meets the above need by providing a wood or bamboo flooring plank that utilizes less wood or bamboo material while providing increased flexibility and dimensional stability.

According to an embodiment, a flooring plank includes a first layer including a first plurality of strips that are secured together. Each of the first plurality of strips has a grain extending generally in a longitudinal direction of the plank. The flooring plank also includes a second layer secured to one face of the first layer. The second layer includes a second plurality of spaced strips each having a grain extending generally transversely to the longitudinal direction of the plank.

According to another embodiment, a flooring plank includes a first layer comprising a first plurality of bamboo strips secured together in side-by-side relation, wherein each strip has a grain extending generally parallel to a longitudinal dimension of the plank. A second layer is secured to one face of the first layer, wherein the second layer includes a second plurality of strips each having a grain extending generally transverse to the longitudinal dimension of the plank.

The above described arrangements include a transverse or “cross” grain on the second layer that affords dimensional stability to the flooring plank. Additionally, the use of plurality of second strips affixed to the first layer with gaps in between each of the placed plurality of second strips affords full flexibility without the constraints of the prior art wherein the layer that provides flexibility does not contain full scores or gaps completely through the entire layer.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1. illustrates a tri-metric view of a flooring plank constructed according to the teachings of the present invention; [0012]
FIG. 2. illustrates an end view of the flooring plank shown in FIG. 1; [0013]
FIG. 3. illustrates a bottom view of the flooring plank shown in FIG. 1; and [0014]
FIG. 4. illustrates a side view of the flooring plank shown in FIG. 1. [0015]
FIG. 5. illustrates schematic view of the structure [0016]
FIG. 6. illustrates front view [0017]
FIG. 7. illustrates side elevation [0018]
FIG. 8. illustrates in example 2 a soft wood cusion middle layer has been inserted in the new revised structure [0019]
FIG. 9. illustrates the overall view of the two ply flooring[0020]
Notes: [0021] 1. Surface board 2. Bottom board 3. Adhesive layer 4. Space 5. Slot mortise

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Referring to the drawings, a flooring plank constructed in accordance with the teachings of the disclosed invention is illustrated in FIG. 1 and shown generally at reference number [0022] 10. The flooring plank 10 has two layers or “plies” including a first or top layer 12 and a second or bottom layer 18. The top layer 12 is comprised of a plurality of strips 16 that are adhered together by glue or any other suitable adhesive in side-by-side relation. Preferably, as seen in FIG. 2, these strips 16 have a generally square or rectangular cross section and are comprised of a hard grass such as bamboo, but may alternatively be comprised of wood. These strips 16 are cut and arranged such that each of the plurality of the strips has a grain extending along (i.e., substantially parallel to) a longitudinal direction of the plank 10 as indicated by arrow 32. In a preferred embodiment, all of the strips 16 are uniform size and shape and each is approximately 0.5 millimeters square.
One or more coats of a non-toxic, clear acrylic urethane are applied to a [0023] top face 14 or surface of the first layer. The urethane provides a finish that resists wear caused by traffic on such surface after installation of the plank 10 on the subfloor. The top face 14 preferably has at least four coats of acrylic urethane applied with ultraviolet curing. Alternatively, other embodiments may include application of some further finish materials such as aluminum oxide, for example, on top of the clear acrylic urethane for achieving increased wear resistance and also different finish textures. Other finishes could be used instead, as desired, to achieve various finish appearances such as matte, semi-gloss or gloss, for example. Additionally, color finish of the strips 16 may be unfinished, stained, carbonized, or some other color finishing, as desired.
A plurality of [0024] second strips 20 comprising a second or bottom layer 18 is secured to an undersurface 36 of the first layer 12. As illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 3, these second layer strips 20 are spaced from one another by gaps 22 having substantially equal gap widths. Each gap width is approximately equal to one millimeter to afford flexibility of the flooring plank 10 along longitudinal direction 32. However, this predetermined gap width may be less than or greater than the one millimeter distance, depending on the desired flexibility of the flooring plank 10. In addition, the gap widths may be unequal over the length of each plank 10, if desired.
A feature of the plurality of [0025] second strips 20 is that the grain of each of the second strips 20 is oriented generally in a direction transverse or “cross-ply” to the grain direction of the plurality of first strip 16. This direction is shown as arrow 34 in FIGS. 1 and 2. Additionally, the second strips 20 are preferably comprised of bamboo or wood and may be “rough” cut since they are not visible after installation of the plank 10 on the subfloor. Accordingly, the strips 20 do not require costly finishing and may even be comprised of scrap pieces of bamboo or wood that are simply cut to the required dimensions. Alternatively, the strips 20 may be made of other natural or artificial materials, as desired.
A property of conventional constructed flooring planks is that contraction and expansion in the longitudinal direction is greater than in the transverse direction. The above-disclosed cross-ply construction, however, tends to minimize and balance the disparate rates of contraction, which affords added stability to the plank [0026] 10.
The flooring plank [0027] 10 is provided with a tongue and groove construction wherein a tongue 26 is machined substantially in the second layer 18 on one longitudinal side of the flooring plank 10 as illustrated in both FIGS. 1 and 2. A groove 24 is machined substantially in the second layer 18 on the opposing longitudinal side of the flooring plank 10. The groove 24 is of a size and shape to receive a tongue of another flooring plank 10 having the profile of the tongue 26. Additionally, the flooring plank 10 features tongue and groove construction on the ends of each plank 10 in order to assure interlocking of flooring planks 10 abutting one another at the ends. To that end, a tongue 28 is machined substantially in the second layer 18 on one end of the flooring plank 10 as shown in FIGS. 1, 3 and 4. In the opposing end of the flooring plank a groove 30 is machined in the second layer 18 and is sized and shaped to mate with a corresponding tongue 28 on another flooring plank 10. Alternatively, the grooves and/or tongues may be formed in both the first and second layers or solely in the first layer.
In yet another embodiment according to the teachings of the present application the six sides comprised of the [0028] top side 14 of the top layer 12, the bottom side 38 shown in FIG. 2 of the bottom layer 18, the two ends of the plank 10 and the two sides of the plank 10 are coated with at least one coat of acrylic urethane in order to provide protection for the entire plank. The top side 14 of the plank may further include additional layers of acrylic urethane and/or aluminum oxide dependent on the particular wear resistance and finish desired, as discussed previously.
Although the apparatus constructed in accordance with the teachings of the present application has been described herein, the scope of the coverage of this disclosure is not limited thereto. On the contrary, the disclosure covers all embodiments of the teaching of the invention clearly falling within the scope of the appended claims either literally or under the doctrine of equivalents. [0029]
This invention refers to a kind of flooring, particularly referred to a two-layer staggered combined flooring. The existing flooring uses a solid block of timber and bamboo combined from single-layer, three-layer or even multi-layer. Its disadvantages include waste of materials, difficulty in materials selection, low yield, complicated processing technology, high consumption of adhesive, adjustable form of the floor block and easy deformation. This invention aims at overcoming the above-mentioned disadvantages by providing an improved two-layer staggered combined flooring. [0030]
This invention provides a flooring plank comprising: a first layer including a first plurality of strips that are secured together, each of the first plurality of strips having a grain extending generally in a longitudinal direction of the plank; a second layer secured to one face of the first layer, the second layer including a second plurality of spaced strips each having a grain extending generally transversely to the longitudinal direction of the plank; at least one tongue configured to mate with at least one groove of another flooring plank; at least one groove configured to receive at least one tongue of another flooring plank; and a cushion middle layer. In an embodiment, the cushion middle layer comprises softwood. [0031]
In an embodiment of the flooring plank each of the strips is composed of at least one of bamboo and wood. In another embodiment, another face of the first layer is coated with at least one coat of acrylic urethane. [0032]
In a separate embodiment, the plank includes at least one coat of acrylic urethane disposed on multiple surfaces thereof. [0033]
In a further embodiment, one application of aluminum oxide disposed thereon. [0034]
The surface board is fabricated from sheets, which are processed from wood or bamboo along their fiber direction, or it is possible to fabricate the surface board from the single-layer board combined from the small sheets. The bottom board is also fabricated from small sheet-strips with the same method. Then, the sheets are staggered at an angle of 45°-90° along the fiber direction and adhered into combined floor covering through an adhesive layer. After that, the 6 edges are planed. During adhesion the sheet-strips are parallel to each other with a gap between them. Because the dry shrinkage of the wood and bamboo in longitudinal direction is normally 0%-4% and in transverse direction is normally 15%-9%, this structure effectively restricts the expansion and shrinkage due to change of the weather and effectively reduces its deformation in the width direction. Depending on the various change of the weather in the area of use, increasing the space between the two strips can improve dimensions stability and flatness of the floor covering, and can overcome its deformation that is the disadvantage of the current floor covering. When making the tongue and the groove at the periphery of the board, the longitudinal fiber of the bottom layer can effectively increase strength of the tongue and the groove. This can greatly reduce damage during installation. This method can also be used for manufacture of floor covering with flat edges, i.e. without tongue and groove. The board used in this case can be fabricated by combination from solid wood or wood and bamboo. [0035]
This invention provides below advantages: Simple technology and high utilization rate of raw materials. The traditional solid wood flooring and bamboo flooring have the difficulty in raw material supply and poor stability. The multi-layer combined floor covering has the disadvantages of waste of materials and complicated technology. Two-layer combined flooring can remarkably increase utilization rate of raw materials and simplify the technology. [0036]
Decreasing of shrinkage of the flooring in its width direction, effective restriction of concentration change in its width direction due to change of weather. Reduction of occurrence of curving deformation of the floor covering. Normal solid wood floor covering or full-bamboo floor covering are easily bent due to the humidity and the temperature difference at their top and bottom during their use. The two-layer staggered combined floor covering can overcome this disadvantage. [0037]
Increase of strength of the tongue and groove and reduction of damage during usage. The slot mortise at the edge of the normal traditional floor covering may crack due to transportation and installation nail. This gives negative influence to the firmness of the installed floor covering. When the two-layer staggered combined floor covering is processed for the tongue and groove, the longitudinal fiber of the slot mortise will not damage under conditions of impact by the external force and by mailing during installation. Therefore, it can overcome the disadvantages of tongue and groove of the normal floor covering in firmness and installation strength. [0038]

EXAMPLE 1

The combined floor covering is combined from the surface board and bottom board by an adhesive layer. The surface board and bottom board form an angle of 45°-90° staggering to each other according to the fiber direction. The said bottom board is of strip type. The strips are parallel to each other and have a joint between them. The said combined floor covering has tongue and groove at its periphery for mortise joint. The said bottom board may also be parallel to each other without a joint between them. The said combined flooring can also be without tongue and groove at its periphery for mortise joint, i.e. with flat joint. [0039]

EXAMPLE 2

This example provides the improvement of two-ply flooring having cross-grain bottom ply system. The original design emphasizes the control of cupping deformation in transverse direction, while the deformation in longitudinal direction cannot be well solved. The original design is made of all solid bamboo. Due to high density of bamboo materials, 0.1-0.2 mm interspaces won't be avoided between Tongue and Groove, which will lead to un-flat of the surface after installation. After improvement, one-ply Cross Grain softwood with 0.3-0.4 densities is added in the middle of the original design. The new design can alleviate both shrinkage and expansion of the bottom layer caused by the change of moisture content. Consequently, it can reduce the bending of the length direction greatly. With One-ply cross-grain softwood, tight Tongue and Groove will be processed and the joint surface an each the highest criterion of Europe. [0040]

Claims

What is claimed is:

1. A flooring plank, comprising: a first layer including a first plurality of strips that are secured together, each of the first plurality of strips having a grain extending generally in a longitudinal direction of the plank; and a second layer secured to one face of the first layer, the second layer including a second plurality of spaced strips each having a grain extending generally transversely to the longitudinal direction of the plank.

2. The flooring plank according to claim 1, wherein each of the strips is composed of at least one of bamboo and wood.

3. The flooring plank according to claim 1, wherein another face of the first layer is coated with at least one coat of acrylic urethane.

4. The flooring plank according to claim 1, further including at least one tongue configured to mate with at least one groove of another flooring plank.

5. The flooring plank according to claim 1, further including at least one groove configured to receive at least one tongue of another flooring plank.

6. The flooring plank according to claim 1, further including at least one coat of acrylic urethane disposed on multiple surfaces thereof.

7. The flooring plank according to claim 1, having at least one application of aluminum oxide disposed thereon.

8. A flooring plank, comprising: a first layer comprising a first plurality of bamboo strips secured together in side-by-side relation, wherein each strip has a grain extending generally parallel to a longitudinal dimension of the plank; and a second layer secured to one face of the first layer, wherein the second layer includes a second plurality of strips each having a grain extending generally transverse to the longitudinal dimension of the plank.

9. The flooring plank of claim 8, wherein each of the second plurality of strips is made of one of bamboo and wood.

10. The flooring plank of claim 9, wherein the grain of each strip of the second plurality is disposed substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal dimension.

11. The flooring plank of claim 10, further including a coat of acrylic urethane disposed on another face of the first layer.

12. The flooring plank of claim 11, further including a tongue disposed at a first side of the plank and a groove disposed at a second side of the plank.