US2086572A - Burner - Google Patents

Description

J. D. OBRIEN July 13, 1937.

BURNER Filed March 8, 1934 INVENTOR.

JAMES 17, 0 flR/E Y BY W A TTORNEYS.

Patented July 13, 1937 UNi'i'E hTAi'EEi PATENT OFFIQE 6 Claims.

This invention relates to burners and has particular reference to an improved burner which is especially designed and adapted for the pur pose of consuming combustible pulverulent materials such as fine cinders, siftings from stokers, coke breeze, collections from smoke stacks and boilers, or the like, which materials are ordinarily treated as waste, and the present in- Vention comprehends an efhcient means for disposing of the same by burning them so as to avoid haulage costs, while at the same time, utilizing whatever heat units may be derived therefrom.

The invention broadly aims to provide an improved burner for the purpose specified, which is so constructed and arranged as to inject the materials to be consumed in the form of a jet or stream into the combustion chamber of a furnace so that said Waste materials are burned in combination with the fuel which is received from a separate source and burned in the furnace, thereby obtaining additional heat units to augment those derived from the fuel, the burning of which waste materials, due to their complete consumption, eliminates the necessity of carting or hauling the same away, as-well as the expense incident thereto.

The invention more particularly resides in an improved nozzle for a burner of this character, which is so constructed and arranged as to provide means for directing one or more series of jets of steam or an equivalent medium in the direction of the combustion chamber of the furnace so as to effect, by induction, the flow through the nozzle of the materials to be burned and the projection of the same from the nozzle in the form of a jet into the combustion chamber whereby they are burned and consumed while in suspension over the fire bed thereof.

As a further feature, the invention provides a burner nozzle embodying means by virtue of which a plurality of independent sets of induction jets of steam or its equivalent may be produced, the jets of the several sets being of different sizes or capacities and moving at different velocities and the arrangement being such that the jets may optionally be utilized either separately or in combination in accordance with the specific gravity of the waste materials being burned.

The invention also comprehends, in a burner of the indicated character, an air draft chamber having communication with the burner conduit which chamber is supplied either by natural or forced draft, together with means for imparting a rotary or swirling action to the air draft supplied and to the jet of material as it emerges from the burner nozzle and enters the combustion chamber.

Further objects of the invention are to provide a burner of the type and for the purpose set forth, which employs but few and simple parts wherein it may be economically produced, assembled and installed or incorporated in a furnace and which burner embodies no moving parts or elements subject to Wear or disorder.

With the above enumerated and other objects in view, reference is now made to the following specification and accompanying drawing in which there is disclosed a preferred embodiment of the invention, while the appended claims cover variations and modifications thereof which fall within the scope of the invention.

In the drawing:

Fig. 1 is a fragmentary vertical sectional View through a furnace with the improved burner applied thereto and showing the burner in section, with the nozzle-forming core in side elevation.

Fig. 2 is a transverse sectional view taken approximately on the line indicated at 2-2 in Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional View through the burner nozzle.

Referring to the drawing by characters of reference, A designates the wall of a furnace, defining a combustion chamber B in which is burned fuel supplied from a separate source either on the grate C, as illustrated, or by an equivalent burner means.

The burner of the present invention includes a tubular outlet member constituting a draft tube 5 which extends through an opening 6 in the wall A of the furnace and opens into the combustion chamber B above the fire bed. The draft tube 5 is connected to and extends partially into a hollow casing l which is located externally of and against the wall A of the furnace and defines therein an air draft chamber 8 to which air is supplied by natural or forced draft. A pipe section constituting a burner tube 9 located coaxially of the draft tube 5, extends partially into said tube 5 and partially into the draft chamber 8, with its intake end spaced from the front wall I!) of the draft chamber 8. The burner tube 9 is of smaller diameter than the draft tube 5 to provide an annular draft passage H located between the tubes 5 and 9.

A conduit pipe i2 extends through the front Wall It! of the hollow casing I, through the draft chamber 8 and into the burner tube 9. The conduit i2 is of lesser diameter than the burner tube 9, and is located co-axially thereof and spaced therefrom to define an annular air draft passage R3. The conduit l2, at its intake end Id, communicates with a source of supply of the materials to be burned which are fed thereto in any desired manner.

The outlet end of the conduit is so constructed and arranged as to provide a restricted outlet nozzle N for effecting the induced flow of the materials therethrough and the projection of the same in the form of a jet through the burner tube El and draft tube 5 and into the combustion chamber B.

The nozzle N may be constructed or formed in various ways, but as illustrated, it is produced in the present disclosure by employing a tubular core around which the outlet end of the conduit i2 is shrunk. As shown, the core has a frusto-conical intake end it which merges into a cylindrical bore if so as to provide a constricted outlet passage for the materials to be burned. The outer periphery of the core i5 is formed with longitudinally spaced annular grooves id and iii, the former being of greater width and depth than the latter and said grooves define together with the outlet end of the conduit l2, annular passages for a gaseous fluid. The core lid is also provided with an annular series of longitudinally disposed ports 2:; which communicate with and extend from the annular groove 58 to and open through the end edge 2! of the core. A similar series of ports 22 extend from the groove or passage !9 and open through the end edge 2i, the ports 2f? being of larger diameter than the ports 22. Steam or any other equivalent gaseous fluid is conveyed under pressure to the annular passages iii and 59 by means of pipes or conduits 23 and 2 3 which are individually controlled by valves 25 and 26 and each of which pipes or conduits has arranged therein a pressure gage 2i.

In use and operation, steam or an equivalent pressure medium may be optionally admitted to either of the passages 93 and id or to both passages, if desired, by opening the valves 25 and 2i; and obviously the steam or other gaseous fluid flows from said passages through the ports fill and 22 in the form of a plurality of jets which induce the flow of the materials through the com duit l2 and from the nozzle N in the form of a jet which is projected through the burner tube 9 and draft tube 5 and into the combustion cham ber B above the grate or burner C so that the jet of material will be consumed while in suspension by the combustion of the fuel on the grate C and coincident therewith. At the same time, air supplied through the passages H and Hi from the draft chamber 8, assists in the proper combustion of the materials issuing from the nozzle end'of the conduit l2.

If desired, a swirling action may be imparted to the draft of air which passes through the passage ll so as to likewise impart a rotary'or swirling action to the jet of materials issuing fromthe nozzle of the conduit l2. This may be accomplished by means of curved vanes 23 which are arranged in the annular passage ll and which, as shown, also serve as a means for supporting the burner tube 9 from the draft tube 5.

From the foregoing it will thus be seen that a burner has been devised for disposing of waste materials of the character specified, while obtaining therefrom additional heat units to augment those derived from the burning of fuel in a furnace to which the burner forms an accessory.

What is claimed is:

1. The combination with a furnace of a device forprojecting a jet of combustible waste materials into the combustion chamber of said furnace for burning of the same by and coincident with the fuel in the furnace, said device including a draft chamber, a draft tube communicating therewith and extending therefrom into communication with the combustion chamber of the furnace, a fuel conduit extending into said draft chamber and disposed in axial alignment with the draft tube, a tubular nozzle having an external annular groove fitted within the discharge end of the fuel conduit, said nozzle having a series of circumferentially arranged longitudinally extending ports leading from the groove and opening through the discharge end of the nozzle, and

a burner tube spaced from and surrounding the nozzled end of the fuel conduit and extending therefrom into the draft tube to define a pair of annular air draft passages, one located between the fuel conduit and the burner tube, and the other located between the burner tube and the draft tube, and. means for supplying steam under pressure to the annular groove of the nozzle.

2. The combination with a furnace of a device for projecting a jet of combustible waste materials into the combustion chamber of said furnace for burning of the same by and coincident withthe fuel in the furnace, said device including a draft chamber, a draft tube communicating therewith and extending therefrom into communication with the combustion chamber of the furnace, a fuel conduit extending into said draft chamber and disposed in axial alignment with the draft tube, a tubular nozzle having an ex ternal annular groove fitted within the discharge end of the fuel conduit, said nozzle having a series of circumferentially arranged longitudinally extending ports leading from the groove and opening through the discharge end of the nozzle, and a burner tube spaced from and surrounding the nozzled end of the fuel conduit and extending therefrom into the draft tube to define a pair of annular air, draft passages, one located between the fuel conduit and the burner tube, and the other located between the burner tube and the draft tube, means for supplying steam under pressure to the annular groove of the nozzle, and means located within the draft passage between the draft tube and the burner tube connecting and spacing said tubes and so constructed and arranged as to impart a swirling motion to the air draft between the burner tube and the wall of the draft tube so as to impart a corresponding swirling motion to the fuel jet issuing from the nozzle.

3. The combination with a furnace of a device for burning pulverulent combustible waste materials in the combustion chamber thereof, comprising a draft chamber having a draft tube extending therefrom and communicating with the combustion chamber of the furnace, a conduit for said waste materials coaxial with said draft tube and extending into the draft chamber, a tubular nozzle fitted within the outlet end of the conduit having a reduced bore co-axial with the conduit and provided with a flared entrance mouth at its intake end, said nozzle having an external annular groove covered by and defining, together with the outlet end of the conduit, an annular steam distributor passage, means for supplying steam thereto and said nozzle having a series of circumferentially arranged longitudinally extending ports leading from the steam passage and opening through the outlet end of the nozzle to provide means for directing from the nozzle a series of jets of steam under pressure for effecting an induced flow of the waste materials through the nozzle and the projection of said materials therefrom in the form of a jet, for burning of the same while in suspension in the furnace combustion chamber.

4. The combination with a furnace of a burner for projecting a jet of combustible pulverulent material into the combustion chamber thereof including an air supply chamber having an outlet communicating with the combustion chamber of the furnace, a supply conduit for the combustible materials'extending into said air supply chamber and having a discharge end disposed in alignment with the said air supply chamber outlet and spaced from the combustion chamber, said discharge end of the supply conduit having a nozzle provided with a reduced bore formed with a flared entrance mouth, said supply conduit and nozzle having an annular passage defined between the confronting walls thereof and said nozzle being provided with circumferentially spaced discharge ports leading from said passage to discharge in the direction of flow of the combustible material a gaseous fluid under pressure to effect an induced flow of the combustible material through the conduit and nozzle and the projection of said material therefrom in the form of a, jet into the combustion chamber of the furnace.

5. The combination with a furnace of a burner for projecting a jet of combustible pulverulent material into the combustion chamber thereof including an air supply chamber having an outlet communicating with the combustion chamber of the furnace, a supply conduit for the combustible materials extending into said air supply chamber and having a discharge end disposed in alignment with the said air supply chamber outlet and spaced from the combustion chamber, said discharge end of the supply conduit having a nozzle provided with a reduced bore formed with a flared entrance mouth, said supply conduit and nozzle having an annular passage defined between the confronting walls thereof and said nozzle being provided with circumferentially spaced discharge ports leading from said passage to discharge in the direction of flow of the combustible material a gaseous fiuid under pressure to effect an induced flow of the combustible material through the conduit and nozzle and the projection of said material therefrom in the form of a jet into the combustion chamber of the furnace, and a burner tube spaced from and sur- I including an air supply chamber having an outlet communicating with the combustion chamber of the furnace, a supply conduit for the combustible materials extending into said air supply chamber and having a discharge end disposed in alignment with the said air supply chamber outlet and spaced from the combustion chamber,

said discharge end of the supply conduit having a nozzle provided with a reduced bore formed with a fiared entrance mouth, said supply conduit and nozzle having an annular passage defined between the confronting walls thereof and said nozzle being provided with circumferentially spaced discharge ports leading from said passage to discharge in the direction of flow of the combustible material a gaseous fluid under pressure to effect an induced flow of the combustible material through the conduit and nozzle and the projection of said material therefrom in the form of a jet into the combustion chamber of the furnace, a burner tube spaced from and surrounding the discharge end of the supply conduit and protruding therebeyond to define a pair of annular draft passages, one located between said supply conduit and the burner tube, and the other located between the burner tube and the supply chamber outlet, and vanes located in the latter draft passage for imparting a swirling motion to the air draft between the burner tube and the wall of the draft tube so as to impart a swirling motion to the combustible materials as they are discharged through the air chamber outlet into the combustion chamber of the furnace.

JAMES D. OBRIEN.

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