US1927696A - Shingle and fastening therefor - Google Patents

Description

SHINGLE AND FASTENING THEREFOR Filed Aug. 4, 1951 20 Z0 %/a(/so71 fl v/e m z 2 INVENTOR- 21 v BY Q21 -57 @1 m mom Patented Sept. 19, 1933 UNITED s'rivrss PA I N m -1',927,696' slime LE AND FASTENING THEREFOR Addison Applegate, Liberty, N. Y. I Application August '4, 1931. SerialNo. 554,977

13 Claims. (01; 1os' 33)J This invention relates to shingles and, with particularly, to an improved design of shingle and fastening means therefor.

One of the principal objects of this invention is to provide an improved design of socalled flexible or felt base shingle, together with a novel form of fastening or locking device for adjacent shingles.

Another object relates to a shingle structure which isdesigned to allow for contractions and expansions of the roof or other surface to be shingled. 1 Y

A further object relates to a shingle of the folded-back edge or cornertype, which is provided with means for preventing water back ing up between overlapped shingles and eventually reaching the roof proper.

A feature of the invention relatesv to a novel form of locking device for flexible or :felt base shingles which device also is useful in aligning successive shingle courses.

A further feature resides in a method of locking the points of adjacent shingles to a lowe or underlapped shingle.

A further feature resides in a shingle arrangement whereby all metal fastening such as nails, shingle locks, etc., are completely covered.

A further feature relates to a novel form of locking device for shingles which serves to retain at least three shingles in position.

A still further feature resides in a shingle lock which materially facilitates the laying and aligning of shingles.

A further feature relates to an improved form of starter shingle.

A still further feature relates to a shingle having a'turned backedge or corner, the edge or corner being perforated, slotted, etc.,'to allow water to flow freely therethrough. 7

Other features and advantages not specifically enumerated will be, apparent after a consideration of the following detailed description and the appended claims.

While theinvention will be described hereinafter as applied to one known type of shingle such as a felt baseor flexible'shingle, it will be .understood'that the broad aspects of the invention are equally Well applicable to any'other type of shingle.

In the drawing I Figure 1 shows a portion of a roof or other surface shingled in accordance with the invention; y j

Fig, 2 is. a detailed sectional view of the shingling of Fig. 1; l

Fig. 3 is a detailed view-of an individual shingle. This view shows the. novel foldedv corner and locking device accordingto the in vention; i I 1 Fig. 4 is a detailed view of a starter shingle according to the invention;

Fig."5- illustrates the manner in which the starters and regular' shingles are locked to: gether; f

Fig. 6 is a partial sectional view taken on the line'6-6 of Fig. 1-; I w

' Fig. 7 is a'plan view of the preferredform of shingle lock according to the invention;

Fig. 8 is an end view of thelock of .Fig. '7;

Fig. 9 is a plan View of a modified formof shingle lock; and

Fig. 10 is an end-view of the lock of Fig. 9.

Referring more particularly to Figs.--1.to 5 the numeral 1 represents a surface to be shin- I gled such'as aroof or the like. It ispreferred, in accordance with the present invention, to employ shingles of the square or diamond shaped type although this form is not necessaryv and,

other desired shapes of shingles may be. em,- 0 ployed so long as the shingles havexabutting edges that are to be locked together. Thus there is shown in Fig. 3 a shingle 2 which may be of the well known flexible orfelt base type. v The manner of manufacturing the material for such a shingle is well known in the art and forms no feature of the present invention. iI-Iowever, it will be noted that the shingle 2 is pro.- vided with a turned back corner 3 and that the edge of the turned back corner is perforated or slitted as indicated .by the numeral i for purposes described hereinbelow. 'It will also be noted that the turnedback corner of shingle 2 is not a simple V-shape. but has the edge :cutout as indicated by the numeral 5 so as to; allow the shingle 'to adapt itself, when inlocked asedge may be fastened in position by means of a brad, nail or other suitable member 6 {which passes through the turned back corner B and thence into the material of the roof 1 as shown clearly in Fig. 2. vAttached to each of the shingles 2 is a shingle locking device '7 which may be in the form of a metal strip, wire or other similar material as shown in plan View in Fig. '7,

and in end view inFig. 8. As shown in Figs. 1 110 ly in Fig. 6 the portion 9 is adapted to be bent' back upon itself and engage the abutting cor ners 12 of adjacent shingles 2 as clearly shown.

in Figs. 1, 4 and 6, it being understood that the shingles 2 are preferably laid in diagonal fashion as shown in Fig. 1 so that the turned back edges of the shingles are substantially parallel to the lower edge of the roof. Preferably the brads 6 are omitted and the turned back portion 9 on another shingle may be relied upon to hold the corner 5 in place.

In accordance withthe usual practice the roof is shingled fromthe lower edgev upwards and for this purpose starter shingles 13 may be employed. While any well known form of starter shingle may be usedit is preferred to employ a starter shingle of the type shown-1n Fig. 4 of the drawing which is substantially trapezoidal in shape, the lower straight edge of which is adapted to be folded back upon itself along the line 14 (Fig. 4). As will be noted from Fig. 4 the sides of the starter shingle are out back or slitted as indicated bythe numeral 15, these slits being located on the line 14 at which the shingle edge is bent back. For the sake of clearness, of course, Fig. 4 is shown with the starter shingle in its original shape before the lower edge has been turned back upon itself.

Fig. 5 shows 'a starter shingle 13 as 1t 15 actually applied to the roof. The shingle is fastened to the roof by means of nails, brads or other similar devices 16 which pass through the free turned back corners of the starter shingle. As shown more clearly in Fig. 1 the starter shingles are fastened in position on the roof with the turned back edges 1'7 preferably in abutting rela tion so that the edges 18 are in alignment and, therefore, parallelto the roof" edgew Each of the starter shingles is provided with a locking device 7 similar to the locking, devices provided on the regular shingles 2 as described hereinabove. shingles has been laid and fastened in a manner 'describedabove the first course of regular shingles maybe laid. The manner of laying the regular shingles is schematically shown in Fig. 4 wherein it will be seen that the turned back corner 3 of a regular shingle is adapted to pass locking strips '7 on the starter shingles may be used for lining up the regular shingles. Thus the locking members 7 on the'starter shingle may be provided with a small depression or other distinguishing mark 19' to indicate the proper point at which the corners of adjacent shingles :are to meet. When two adjacent shingles have thus been laid the portion 9 of the adjacent When the complete course of starter locking strip is turned back upon itself. as shown in Figs. 1, 2; 4 and-6 so as to clamp the corners of the shingles against the starter shingles. If desired the turned back portion 9 may be rigidly fastened by means of a brad or nail although this is not absolutely necessary since the locking members 7 may be made out of relatively heavy metal so that when bent back they may be hammered down andtheir natural rigidity will ef-' fectively clamp the shinglei corners in position.

However, in accordance with the present invention it is preferred to simply bend the portion 9 of each locking member back upon itself so as to provide a slight clearance between the end of the portion 9 and the starter shingle. The reason forallowing this clearance is so that the turned back corners 3 of the shingles in the next course may be locked underneath the portion 9 of the locking members. Thus, as shown in Fig. 1 the next course of shingles is laid with the turned back corners 3 lying in the angle between. the converging edges of adjacent shingles. However, due'to'thespecial shape of the turned back edges .3 the shingles are locked against vertical displacement but, nevertheless,

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are not subjected to buckling when they roof 1 5 expands and contracts as would be the case if the corners 3 were completely triangular and fitted closely between the converging edges of the two shingles underneath. It has been found that the cutting away of the corners 3 as indicated by the numeral 5 provides a suiiicient interlock between the shinglesfwithout, at the same time, preventing the shingle buckling when the roofexpands or contracts.

As described hereinabove the turned back edge of each of the regular shingles is perforated or slitted as indicated :by the numeral 4 so as to allow free egress to any water that may accumulate beneath the shingle thus preventing the .water under a shingle backing up and eventually reaching the roof proper as has been found to be the case where the lower edges of the shingles are unperforated; When acourse of regular shingles has'been laid as described hcre-- inabove the locking members Tas well as the brads; or nails 16 are completely covered and are thus "protected from the weather,

Itwill also, be noted that the locking.mem: bers 7 in successive courses serve to align the shingles'in vertical rows thus eliminating the making of marks on-the roof at regular intervals as are required where non-central locking means are employed. Further, because of the T-shaped character of the locking devices and the fact that they are rigidly clamped to the shingles the'laying of the shingles with respect to each other may be done very accurately and, furthermore, since there are no ends of the shingle locks protruding beyond the edges of the shingle the locks are not liable to become damaged in packing or shipment From the foregoing it will also be seen that each of the locking devices '7 when turned back upon itself not only serves to lock the abutting corners -12 of adjacent shingles but the turned back portion 9 also serves as a lock for the course.

While locking member 7 shown in Figs. 1' to B as T-shaped it will be understood that any other form of locking strip-may be employed.

i turned back corner'5of the shingles of the next For example, a simple straight strip such as able means such as the struck-up lugs 20 and the locking strip is substantially T-shaped'and 21. In other words, the locking device of Figs. 9 and 10 is substantially the same as the locking device 7 of Figs. 1 to 6 with the horizontal portion 8 omitted. The manner of using the locking device of Figs. 9 and 10 is substantially the same as that hereinabove described, the said locking device being adapted to be bent back upon itself so as to lock the abutting corners of adjacent shingles similar to the manner in which the portion 9 of the above described locking devices is employed.

It will be understood, of course, that whil the invention discloses the use of shingles of a edge, said edge being perforated to allow the free passage of water therethrough.

2. A shingle according to claim 1, wherein the body of the shingle is made of flexible material.

3. A shingle in the form of a polygon having one corner folded back, the edge of the fold being perforated to allow water to'freely pass therethrough. I r

4. A shingle of the class described, having one folded back corner and a metal member fastened to the body of said shingle adapted to be bent back upon itself to lock the corner of an over-lying shingle.

5. A shingle of the polygonal type having a turned-back perforated corner, and a shingle lock strip permanently fastened to the body of the shingle, said strip lying on a diagonal line joining oppositecorners of the shingle.

6. A shingle according to claim 5, in which is fastened to the shingle at the ends of the short arm of the T.

7. A- shingle according to claim 5,.in which 'thelock strip is adapted to be bent backupon itself. i I r '8. A starter shingle having a slit. in-opposite edges thereof, and a shingle lock member permanently attached to the shingle centrally thereof.

-9. In combination, a first shingle having a folded back lower edge, a slit in said folded edge, another shingle having a perforated fold-1 ed back tongue adapted to ,enter said slit and-'1 partially lock the shingles. 10. In combination, a shingle having a T- shaped lock strip fastened thereto, a pair of adjacent shingles overlying the first shingle and having abutting corners on the T-shaPed lock strip, said lock strip having a portion adapted to be bentback upon itself to'g'rip said corners and lock the shingles together and a cover shingle thereover with a turned back corner en'- gaging the lock strip.

11. The combination according .to claim 10, in which each of said overlying cover shingles has the turned-back lower corner provided with a perforation to prevent water backing up underneath said shingles.

12. In combination, ,a pair of polygonal shingles laid adjacent to each other with the upwardly converging edge of the shingles meeting to form'an angle, a thirdshingle having a bent-back corner adapted to fit within saidangle, and means comprising; a flat metal'strip adapted to'be bent back upon itself forlocking the abutting corners ofthe first mentioned corners and the folded-back corner of the said third shingle. I

13. The combination according to claiml2, in I ADDISON APPLEGATE.

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