US1915463A - Steam generator - Google Patents

Description

June 27, 1933.

G. P. JACKSON STEAM GENERATOR Filed June 25, 1930 3 Sheets-Sheet l g INkENTOR ATTORNEYS 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 G. P. JACKSON STEAM GENERATOR Filed June 23, 1930 June 27, 1933.

W W/M ATTORNEYS G. P. JACKSON 1 1,915,463

STEAM GENERATOR Filed June 23, 1930 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 ATTORNEYS.

Patented June 27, 1933 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE GEORGE P. JACKSON, F FLUSHING, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO INTERNATIONAL COM- BUSTION ENGINEERING CORPORATION, DELAWARE OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF STEAM GENERATOR Application filed June 23,

This invention relates to boilers of the radiant heat type, that is, boilers in which the tubes are so arranged that the boiler constitutes its own combustion chamber, and the invention is particularly useful in high ca- 0 circulation through the boiler and particularly the upright water walls defining the combustion space.

More specifically it is an object of the invention to simply, effectively and economir cally associate water walls with other boiler parts as will hereinafter more particularly appear.

Another object of the invention is to provide a novel form of water screen, the advantages of which will be set forth.

I accomplish the foregoing, together with such other objects and advantages as may hereinafter appear, or are incident to my invention, by means of a construction which r T have illustrated in the preferred form in the accompanying drawings, wherein- Fig. 1 is a vertical section through an installation embodying my improvements;

Fig. 2 is a transverse section through Fig. 1, and

Figs. 3 and 4 are fragmentary views, drawn on an enlarged scale, and illustrating the water screen of my. invention.

Referring now to Fig. 1, it will be seen that I have provided a combustion chamber A in the throat B of which I have located two opposed two-drum boiler units baffled so that the gases traverse the banks of tubes connecting the respective drums on their way to the oiftake D.

Common to the two steam and water drums 7, 7 is a steam drum 8 connected to each steam and water drum by tubes 9 which lead from the steam space of said drums to the upper portion of the drum 8. A header 10 is located below the drum 8 and is connected thereto at a plurality of points as indicated in Fig. 2. Water collecting in the drum 8 is thus conducted to the header 10 from which it is led 1930. Serial N0. 462,971.

by downcomers 11, 11 to parts to be hereinafter described.

The combustion chamber is lined by front and rear Water walls a and a, each composed of a row of upright tubes 12 and 13-respectively. The lower ends of the tubes 12 and 13 are respectively connected to the headers 14 and 15, and the upper ends are connected to the headers 16 and 17 respectively. Arch supporting tubes 18 lead inwardly from the header 16 and then upwardly to the mud drum 19 and similar arch supporting tubes 20 lead from the header 17 to the mud drum' 21.

The header 14 is in part supplied with water by tubes 22 which lead from the mud drum 19 and in part by tubes 23 connected to the drum 24 extending centrally of the installation and beneath the ash pit floor.

The header 15 is similarly supplied in part by the tubes 25 and the tubes 26.

The side walls of the combustion chamber are also lined with water walls each comprising a row of upright tubes 27 arranged in three groups I), b and b. The lower ends of the tubes 27 are connected to the headers 28 and the upper ends are connected into the headers 29, the central portion of which is of slightly larger diameter than the end portions thereof.

- The throat is lined at its sides by tubes 30 rising from the central portion of the header 29 to headers 31 from which tubes 32 lead to the steam space of the drum 7.

The tubes 33 lead from the smaller end portions of the header 29 to the headers 34. A large upcomer pipe 35 leads from each header 34: to a header 36, and from the headers 36 tubes 37 lead to the drums 7.

The headers 28 are supplied from the drum 24 by two groups of tubes 38, 39 which rise upwardly from the drum 24 through the ash pit floor and thence incline outwardly and upwardly to the headers 28. The tubes 38 and 39 are connected in a line to their respective headers and are connected to the drum 24 peripherally thereof. The bending of the tubes which is necessary to secure this form of connection results in the spreading of the tubes apart vertically as shown more particularly in Fig. 2. Thus horizontally viewed there are three rows of tubes 38 and three rows of tubes 39, and vertically considered, the groups of tubes 38 and 39 comprise relatively widely spaced rows of tubes, each row being three tubes deep.

The tubes 38 and 39, therefore, constitute a water screen defining the bottom of the combustion space and located above the ash it,

the spacing of the tubes being such t at,

refuse particles gravitating out of the fuel and flame stream can readily pass to the ash from the downcomer pipes 11.

The tubes 18 and 20 are connected to tubes of the banks of tubes of the units 0, C by means of connections 18' located inside the drmns 19 and 21.

The drum 24 is yieldingly supported on a plurality of spaced springs 44.

Fuel to be burned in suspension, preferably powdered coal, is admitted at the corners of the combustion chamber through burner means diagrammatically indicated at 45. the burners being directed to deliver fuel and air in streams tangential to an imaginary circle so as to produce a vortical flame of intense combustion in a manner now well understood in this art. From the foregoing it will be seen that I have provided a very high capacity installation having a maximum amount of radiant heat surface with a minimum number of drums, the number of drums being small for the capacity obtained. At the same time adequate water supply is secured for all of the upright water walls and the water screen and steam deliver from the water walls is free and balanced as between the drums 7 so that the two units C, C operate uniformly. In this connection it will be seen that in eit'ect the headers 31 are common to the two drums 7 because each is connected to each of the drums by the tubes 32. Relatively dry steam is also ensured and any water in the drum 8 is promptly returned to the drum 24.

The installation shown in the drawings has a capacity of approximately 700,000 pounds of steam per hour or more which it can deliver over a period of ten or twelve hours continuous operation.

Referring now more particularly to the water screen and to Figs. 3 and 4, it will be seen that the groups of tubes 38 and 39 are so bent that, vertically considered, the rows are inclined with ,the space X between the inclined rows sutficient to permit of a man entering the combustion chamber for the purpose of inspection, making repairs, or the like. At the same time, the lateral spacing of the tubes, looking down upon the screen, is substantially equal between the tubes so that, considering the screen as a whole, it has uniform heat absorbing throughout its width, thus making it effective for the cooling of precipitating refuse particles. The spacing is such that these particles can readily pass through the screen to the ash pit below. Furthermore, if any lumps or aggregates of refuse form in the combustion chamber above the screen, these on falling down will pass through the channels X to the ash pit. The ashes are sluiced out of the ash pit by a plurality of channels Y, formed in the bottom of the ash pit.

I claim 1. In combination with a boiler and its combustion chamber, a water screen comprising tubes extending inwardly into the chamber from each of two opposite sides to pass outwardly through the floor in the middle portion thereof, a drum at such location to which the inner ends of the tubes are connected, means yieldingly supporting said drum, downcomer means from the boiler to said drum, and upcomer means for said tubes, together with side water walls, tubes connecting the same with saiddrum, and upcomer means for the side water walls, all tubes connecting with said drumshaving points of connection peripherally of said drum.

2. In combination with a boiler and its combustion chamber, a water screen comprising tubes extending inwardly into the chamber from each of two opposite sides to pass outwardly through the floor in the middle portion thereof, a drum at such location to which the inner ends of the tubes are connected, means yieldingly supporting said drum, downcomer means from the boiler to said drum, a header for the outer ends of said tubes, the said tubes being connected to the headers in a line and being connected to the drum around the periphery thereof,

and upcomer means from the header.

3. In combination, a pair of two drum Ladd boilers set in opposition, a steam drum common to the two steam and water drums thereof, a combustion chamber below the boilers, side water walls delivering to the steam and water drums, other side water walls. a water screen in thebottom of the chamber, a drum common to said water walls and said water screen. downcomers from the mud drums of the boilers to said drum, and a downcomer from the steam drum to said drum.

4. In a finely divided fuel burning installation, a combustion chamber and a water screen spaced above the floor of the chamber so as to leave an unobstructed space between the screen and floor, said screen being comcapacity mamas posed of a plurality of parallel rows of tubes one above the other, the tubes of each row being substantially equally spaced and the corresponding tubes of each row being progressively olfset in the same direction.

5. In a finely divided fuel burning installation, a combustion chamber and a water screen spaced above the floor of the chamber so as to leave an unobstructed space between the screen and floor, said screen being composed of a plurality of parallel rows of tubes one above the other, the tubes of each row being substantially equally spaced and the tubes of the rows being so relatively arranged as to provide a plurality of laterally spaced rows of tubes lying in parallel inclined planes as viewed cross-sectionally of the tubes.

6. In a finely divided fuel burning installation, a combustion chamber and a water screen spaced above the floor of the chamber so as to leave an unobstructed space between the screen and floor, said screen being composed of a plurality of spaced parallel rows of spaced tubes one above the other, the tubes of the several rows being progressively offset in a direction transverse of the screen.

7. In a finely divided fuel burning installation, a combustion chamber, a drum at the bottom of the chamber extending longitudinally thereof, header means in the lower portion of said chamber spaced from the drum and located at a level thereabove, and a water screen composed of a plurality of tubes connecting the drum and header means, said tubes being arranged in groups spaced above the floor of the chamber each comprising a pluralitv of tubes ofiset one above the other in parallel, relation for the major portion of their length, and having one of their end portions bent to lie in a plane at right angles to the axis of the drum forconnection into the drum in a circumferential row, and having their other end portions bent to lie in a plane extending longitudinally of the header means l'oncomiection into said header means in a longitudinal row.

ln testimony whereof I have hereunto signed my name.

lrEORGE P. TACKSON.

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