US1995134A - Boiler - Google Patents

Description

March 19, 1935. A. u. WETHERBEE 1,995,134

I BOILER Original F1ed`0ct. 7, 1926 Y 5ASheetS-Sheet 1 4f//Mzg I @Mig/Mae@ Mw man March 19, 1935. A, u. WET'HERBEE 1,995,134

BOILER y Original Filed Oct. '7. 1926 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 March 19, -1935. A. u. WETHERBEE :501mmy 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 originai Filed oct. 7, 192e @y uw /J; f/Ma,

March 19, 1935. A. u. WETHERBEE 1,995,134 l BOILER Original Filed Octk. '7, 1926 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 March 19, 1935. A. nu. WETHERBEE BOILER 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Original Filed Oct. 7. 1926 35 ing parts or the boiler Vto provide; supporting 9-9 Of Figure 8. Y

Patented Mar. 19, i935 i f 1595,13@

i Unirse fsrgssarss orricsf Applicationfctober 7, 1926, Serial No. ,139,978 Renewed September 17, 1932 6 ciaims. (cl. 12a-331) i This invention relates` to boilers,` and more as a water jacket enclosing the fire-box and cornparticularly to a boiler for generating vsteam of bustion chamber, the water jacket and part ofl the ,water tubetypev f thecasing also constituting a leg for the circu- In boiiersof this general class itis known to lation of the heated water.- A further object 5,h provide a plurality oi steam and water drums at is to so position the water jacket andportions of Y 5 he upper portion oi the boiler connected' together the casing relative to the re-box and conibusby circulating tubes-. These drumsfareconnected tion chamber that the water flowing downwardly by a plurality oi sets of'tvater tubesto alo-wer through the legs will absorb a' large partici" the water-drum which, in turn, is connected to a heat from the heated gases and products of comlQ; mud drum. Thesetubes are heated by means of bustion passing through the furnaceso as to be A a suitable furnace including a setting enclosing C p leheid thereby, thus utilizing this heat, Which Y the sets of tubes anddrurns. It is necessary in in furnaces of ordinary constructionjgoes u pthis construction; to obtain sufficientr heating the chimney. Further objects willz appear from surface, to employ a large number of tubes; n This, the detailed description.

1 5; together with the necessary setting, renders the 'In the drawingst- Y v A construction and setting ofthe boiler expensive Figure- 1 is a longitudinal. Vertical sectional fronithe standpoint of time and labor las well asA View through a boiler constructed in accordance the cost of materials. Y l, with my invention; l Y v i Y Another objectionable feature to the general Figure Zis a section taken substantially online 2O type ofhorizontal multi-,tubularwater tube boil- 2-2 of yFigure 1; l v 2o ers commonly used is the difficulty of obtaining Figure fisa section taken substantially on line uniform and rapid circulationoi the water. This 3 3 of Figure 1; l i is due, to g, large extent, V50 tpalm-ge number of Figure 4 is a section taken substantially on line tubes necessarily employed and thevarious con- 4-4 of Figli-1'@ l; l Y nections between these diiierent sets of tubes and Figure 5 is a longitudinal vertical sectional view 25 the various drunis. These numerous connec-V through a` modiiied form of the boiler; f tions necessarily impede the now of the water and Figure v 6 iS a Vertical I OIlgiilldinl Semifinal materially interfere with that rapid and uniform View through another modified form; circulation which isso very desirable in a steam Figure '7 is a section takensub tantiaily Online boiler. f j i f '7-7 of Figure 6; f 3() havefcund that the above objections can be Figure 8 is a longitudinal vertical sectional overcome by using a single set of tubes estab- View through another mOOlied ormrof the boillishing direct communication between the mud er; and f drum the water and stearn drum, and forrn-v Figure 9 is asection taken substantially on line f Y 35 structures for the boiler as well as water legs and T116 fllliie includes a miil Casing 1 0f Sheet f a i* er jacket enclosing the "re-.box and co1nmetall WhChiS suitably braced and stayed in a n chamber. This avoids the necessity of ki'lOWIi mami- This Casing iS ODlQI'OXimaiiely v ,visive Setting and also provides an unusu' rectangular shape longitudinally and transversefio any ne' ,ting surface. The provision of a. 1v and has mounted therein a erste structure 2 4o large combustion cha aber and large heating surof known type positioned between the rontof face insures complete combustion and also inthe casingand abridge W9113 OBIaCOIy mafsures that 'the greater portion of the'heat will be terial. The front wall la is provided with suit- `ted from the hot gases andproducts of able openings in which'are mounted door frames istion nowing through the furnace. re- 4 and doors 5, respectively, in a known manner 45 sul in Yhigh operating eiiiciency A furnace and of known construction, the doors being posiconstructed in this manner occupies lminimum tioned for insertion of fuel into the lire-b'oxrand space for a given capacity and iseasily adaptable removal of ashes'fronfi the ash pit beneath the to available space, both of which are Vimportant grate. A Suitable rfiatly lining 6 iS DI'OVde considerations in installing boilers.

One of the inainobjects of the invention is to known construction is connected to the steam provide aste-,am boiler-of simple and comparaand water space in theusual manner. Theside tively inexpensive construction and high efiiwalls of the casing are formed of inner and outer'. ciency. A further object is to provide a boiler walls '7a and 8, respectively, which' are spaced in which a part ofthe enclosing casing isutilized apart to provide steam and watermspaces 9. The 55 vabove the rire-box door and a Ywater gauge '7 of 50 spaces 9 are closed at the upper and lower ends thereof bytop and bottom plates Yl and 11, re-

spectively, which are formed by bending wall 7a outwardly and are secured to wall 8 by welding, riveting, or in any other suitable or preferred manner. The plates 7a and 8 and associated parts constitute water legs which, due to their hollow construction, possess very appreciable mechanical'strength and serve to support the casing 1 at the sides thereof. These water legs extendV throughout the length of the fire-box 12 andthe gas passage 13, sov that the products of combustion and heated gases flowing through the furnace come into contact with the inner faces of` plates 7a, and a large portion of thelheat ofthese products is absorbed by the waterin thewater legs which is thus preheated thereby beforeentry of the water into the mud drum.

A mud drum 14 extends transversely Aof-casing '1 at the lower end of the legs thereof adjacenta back wall 15' of refractory material. `The. end

portions of this drum'extendthrough the water' legs and have direct communication'therewith'at 16. The drum 14 is connected by a plurality o'f water tubes 17, which form the yrisers of Vthe boiler, to a water and steam drum v18 supported transversely of thecasing and adjacent the top of thefront thereof. The ends of this drum also extend through the waterlegs andA have fdirect communication therewith by means of suitable openings1 19 in boththe upper and lower portions' ofther drum. This-drum is provided with a suit*- able safety'valve 20 of knovm-construction, and

, both of the drums are provided vwith suitable of refractory material tothe top wall of the cas-A ing, terminating adjacent a collarA 27 secured'to the top'wall of the casing and adapted for reception of the smoke pipe'or conduit forconnecting the outlet opening 28 defined vby the collar to a chimney or stack. A suitableV damper 29 is mounted adjacent collar 27 and positioned lfor Vcontrolling the draftby regulating 4the leffective area of the opening 28. Plate 22 is preferably provided with a suitable clean out opening normally closed by a slide or door 30, and the `casing lcan also be provided withrsuitably positioned clean out openings and means for closing the same, as will be understood.

The bafiie wall 26 extends completely'across the interior of the casing and from a `point in rear of plate 22 to within a short rdistance of drum 18.

- This plate is disposed in parallelism with and closely adjacent the upper row `of tubes Y17 and is provided at its upper end with a depending supplemental baiiie plate or nose 30 which extends downwardly. This wall or nose baiile 30 isoptional in the various forms of boiler herein shown.

AA cap plate 31 of arcuate Vcrosssection is positioned adjacent the lower end of plate or wall 26 andrextends the vfull'width ofthe casing, this cap plate tting snugly over the rounded lower end portions of the upper row of Vtubes 17 and closing the space between baile 26' and the top ofthe mud drum 14. Cap plate 3l is vheld against rear'- ward movement by an angle strip 32 secured to the top of driun 14. This cap plate may be provided with a suitable hand hold 34 to facilitate removal of the same for cleaning out between the tubes 17.

A lower baille wall 35 of refractory material extends completely across theinterior of casing V1 and isdisposed closely adjacent and parallel to the upper surfaces of the lowermost row of tubes '17, lor some higher row, this wall'extending from Vthe lower portion of drum 1'8 to within a short distance of the mud drum 4. It will also be noted that the lining 6 fits snugly about the wardly of casing l1 about theupper end of baffle wall 25 to the outlet opening28. This insures that the heated gases and products-of combustion will be brought into intimate contact with the tubes 17,` as Well as with the inner walls of the water legs; so 'as to very effectually heat the water` therein, thus utilizingla -very appreciable amount of heat which wouldotherwise go up the chimney and be wasted.

i `It will also 'be noted that the lower portion of the drum 18'is so positioned asY to be exposed to the direct heat-of the re in the fire-box 12 of the furnace so that'the water'therein is quickly heated'to a high'temperature, resulting in the generationof `large `volumes of steam. In the operation =of the boiler the feed waterV is supplied tothe water legs yby known means and, as it fis relatively cool, ilows VYdownwardly through the waterlegs vinto vthe mud' drum 14, this feed water being preheated by the products of combustion iiowing through the casing l in the manner previously described. From the mud drumv 14 this preheated water flows upwardly thru the tubes or risers 17v during passage through whichV it is heated to a high temperature, and then is heated vto, a still higher temperature and a langeY portion thereof is converted into steam, the remainder flowing from thej drum 18 into the water legs through which it flows downwardly and again enters the drum 14. As'the water legs are of comparatively great cross-area, free and continuous circulationof the water is thus insured, lresulting in the production of a large volume of steam for a given amount of fuel consumed, thus iiciency. Y

Inthe modiiied form illustrated in Figure 5, the smoke conduit 37 extends from the back portion 33a of casing l, and the nose bafie 301s omitted. A supplementalbridge wall 3b of hollow construction is mounted on the main bridge wall 3a, and has direct communication at its ends withthe Water legs ;A and the inner front liner 6a is also of vhollow construction and has direct communication at its ends with. the water legs. An inclineddeflector plate 38 extendsrfrom the top wallV of the casing, to the smoke conduit 37 and extends completely across the casing, and an in clined back wall 39 extends from the lowereportion ofi-smoke kconduit 37'toa T-'bar 40, extend` ing transversely of' the casing above the mud `drum 14. This T-bar serves to hold the atcap plate 41 -in position-between the bar and the lower producing a boiler of very high efend of baille wall or plate 26. `Bar 40 also serves to hold in position a plate 42 extending from the upper portion ofthe mud drum to the bar 40v and disposed adjacent the lower end of the upper In the form illustrated in Figures 6 and .7, I`

provide an upper grate 43 formed of headers 44 extending transversely of the casing and havl ing direct communicationat their ends with the water legs, these headers beingvconnected by inclinedfwater tubes 45, and a baille wall 46 being provided which extends from the upper portion.

of the inner header 44 to the lower bafie plate or wall 35, The iront wall of thercasing is pro vided with a suitable opening and an upper re-door 47 normally closing the same and per'- mitting fuel tobe placedfupon the gratestructure 43, and a suitable lining 48 of refractory mate-,- rial extends from the top of the doorlopeningr above grate 43 to the drum 18. A smoke conduit 49 extends from the supplemental baille'plate 30 and the upper inner portion of drum 18' to a collar 31 on the top of casing 1 for reception oi' a smoke pipe or conduit by means .of which the smoke and the gases are conducted to a suitable stack or chimney. The walls or plates 7b and 8a of the water legs are connected by channel members 10a and 11a secured thereto by riveting, welding, or in any other suitable yor preferred manner.

The fuel is initially placed upon the upper grate 43 and a down draft is created throughthe fuel bed, the path of flow of the air and the products of combustion being indicated by the arrows.

This results in quickly heating the water within' the grate structure 43 toa high temperature; As the fuel is coked it falls between the tubesv onto the grate 2 where itY is completely consumed, the ash falling through the grate 2 into the'ash pit. It will benoted that the heated gases and products of combustion flowing through the smoke conduit-49 are caused to ilow over and about the inner portion of drum 18 in direct contact therewith. The outer lower portion of the drum is also subjected to the' direct action of the heat generated in the upper 'combustion chamber 12a. This results in quickly heating the water within drum 18 to ahigh temperature which action, combined with theheating of thewater in the grate structure 43 and the free circulation of the water previously referred to, renders it possible to generate a large volume of steam with the consumption of a comparatively small amount of uel.

In the modified form illustrated in Figures 8 and 9, the grate 2a' is inclined downwardly and rearwardly of the casing 1, so as to be disposed in substantial parallelism withy the tubes 17, and the upper and lower portions of plates or walls 8b of the water legs vare turned inwardly at right angles to form top and bottom closure elements 10b and 11b, respectively, which are secured to inner walls 7c by butt welding. The bridge wall 5l is extended upwardly to the lowermost row of tubes 17 and has its front face 51o. disposed substantially at right angles to the grate 2c. A baille 52 extends from the upper end of bridge wall 51 to the uppermost row of tubes, this baille extending completely across the interior of casing 1 and between the tubes. A lining 53 of refractory ymaterial'is positioned adjacent the top of casing 1 and extends from the upper portionof drum 1 8 vto a'vertical baille wall 54 which extends transversely ofthe casing above the tubes 17 and isprovided with .a depending angularly disposed reducedl portion 55, which extends around and between the tubes, this reduced por` tion 55 extending to thelowermost row of the tubes; A* smoke conduit .56. communicates with thecasing 1 adjacent the rear face of baille wall 54 and an inclined back plate 57 extends from the upper portion of mud drum 14 totherearward portionqof the opening 58 with which the'con'- duit 56 communicates, therplate 57 extending this baille and wall 54' and plate 57, from which space the products of combustion enter the conduit 56. V.By arranging'the bailles in this manner Vthe ypath of travel ofthe products of `combustion is comparativelyflong and the direction of.

travel of these products is completely reversed twice, so that the greater portion of the heat is extracted therefrom before the products of combustion enter the conduit 56.` It is Valso to be noted Vthat the bailles and the `l ,iningv53 become.

heated toa comparatively high temperature and supplement the direct action'of the products of combustion in heating the tubes and the drum 18. By thus lengthening. the pathI of travel voi the products of combustion and reversing the direction of flow thereof, it is possible to construct the casing and associated parts so as toproduce al boiler of much less length for a given production of steam than would be the case if the products of combustion could pass` straight through the boiler from the front to the rear thereof. For this reason, a boiler constructed as illustrated in Figures 8 and 9 is particularly adapted `for use Where the space for installing the boiler is limited.

I also contemplate a slight modiiication of the form illustrated in Figures 8 and 9, in which modification the lining 53 is replaced by a cap or `cover plate of refractorymaterial disposed upon orrclosely adjacent the top row of tubes, and. one or both of the baiiles are shortened to permit flow ofthe products of combustion about and between the tubes. This eliminates spaceabove the tubes and ensures that the products lof combustion, while in a highly heated condition, will be brought intointimate Contact with the tubes.v In this respect, this variation is even more eiicient than the form illustratedr in FiguresV 8 andY 9. :It will also be apparent that the arrangement of closure or cover walls or linings and baiiles in the other forms illustrated land described can be varied widely vto suit individual preference or local conditions, and Ido not, therefore, intend to be limited to the particular arrangements of baiiles and Wall disclosed.

In the construction shown in Figures 8 and 9 the upper and lower portions of plates or walls 8b, which constitute the dished elements of the legs, are turned inwardly. This construction can be `-reversed, however, the upper and lower portions of walls 7c being turned outwardly and secured by' buttA welding. to walls* 8b.;` This: variation; ist. obvious; andf; illustration not: necessary. Either form produces a. Water legzroi inexpensive but'. strong and durable construction.; c

In all of the various-1 forms ofthe'boiler illus` trated; and described, a. suitable supportingbase: or foundation is providedwithwhich arerassoci-V ated the'bridge Wallsf and the side wa11s59, and.l the back wallsv for'supporting' thefcasing and; as` sociated parts. i i

Also, desired; the: boiler mayrbe provided with a coating Aor covering ofany-suitable orprefenred.; heat insulating material to prevent. loss -of heat by radiation, though I do not deem this essential. due to the Water jacketing effect'. of theA water:

- legs and thev rapidand direct circulation of the;-

water. i

In all' of the. forms illustratedg. the plates. ofi the Water legs are secured. together at ,theiront and back thereofin, thev same manner as,V at the top and bottom ofthe legs, and thewater tubes: are cur-ved or: arched at their endsi This is. a.

known form of constructiorn which; permits. of;l

A for hot water heating.` In', that` event they hot.

Water take-off will bezconnected" to the top. of; the front drum18. Thefeed water may enterA into the boiler at any other suitable place` than; the .water-.legs as,.for. instanca the mud drun'r..

It will be noted,` that inthe various :forms of construction illustrated; the; lwaterl legs provide large steam and Water storage.V I consider this. feature of importance as enabling the boiler tof take care of fluctuating. loads, which is frequently an important consideration. In' all ci" the constructions illustratedthe: lower: portion of the mud; drum is lower-than the bottom: or' thefwater legs. Thisensures'thati all sedimentwill collect in. thev portion of the boiler; constructionLwhich. is 'protected' fronr. the fire' in; the furnace,` thus protecting the furnacei wall from. burning and' excessive corrosion. a

What I claimiszl.. In a boiler, of thecharact'erdescribed, a cas: ing provided at opposite.'sidesthereofiwith hol-1, low supporting structuresrconstituting water legsV a mud: drum extending transversely' of the` ,case ing adjacent one endithereof; and communicating at; its ends'with theflower; portionsgof the water legs, a water.v andsteanif drum extendingr transversely of-.thecasing adjacentthe; other end: thereof and communicating at. its ends-with they upper .portions ofthe Water-legs, said. casing including. a 'firefbox andthe'watenandsteam drum. being positioned. above said fire-box; Awatertubes within. thev casing. establishing communication: between the two drums, a briazige'zwallatt-the back or"v the' nre-box, a-bafe member.- extending-from; lower portion of= theY steamzand; watendrumr to within ashort distance of'lthe `rnidzdrum. and dieposedlabove the bridge wall'A and' parallel with,

199.9 aprem' and adjacent: thelowermostrow of; tubes, an-up per-baille member extending-:fromawithin af short distance of the water and steam'v drum to within a: short; distanceof: the mud.y drum and disposed adjacent and parallellwith.- theupper row of tubes, a; back wall; extendingfromi the vupper baille member tothe topv ofthe casing, said casing being provided'with anfoutletopening adjacent the top of thefbackiwall, andfmeanssnormally closing the space4 between thek rearward; endl of the upper bailie memberandtheiupper portion of the mud drum; l Y

2s In alboileroif the'character'described, a casing: comprising side-water legsl and enclosing the boileru furnace; each'vof saidl legs comprising a dished inner plate'and an outer plate"n securedr thereto,V the". seams at the. lines off juncture between'.` the two platesbeing disposedwholly with.- outythefurnace, Y

. 3,;:In a .boiler or the'characterdescrbed, a casingj comprisingside water legs andenclosing the hoiierf furnace, said legs constituting sidey supporting :structures for: the: boiler; and: each comprisingranrinner'dished: plate andi anouter plate secured thereto, the'seamsat thelines of juncture; between the plates of; `the respectivey water legs: being", disposed; without the furnace.

4;'In1aboiler' construction,` a. casing compris-- ing hollow side` water walls, an upper header connecting and opening intothe water walls, a lower: header constituting a muddrum connect'- ingthe water-` walls, and tubesv connecting said headers:l the lower header extending below the lowermost points of' said walls andcommunicatf ing directly with the Water Walls through openingsY extending; to the lowermost points thereof 'fondrainingj sediment" from theI latter intothe lower header.

5'. Inza boiler constructioncomprising a fur nace, a casing comprising hollowside water walls, an upperjhe'ader connecting andzopening into the water walls,r a lower header' constituting a. mud drum connecting the-water Vwa11s,.and .tubes connecting the headers, the lower header extending below the lowermost pointsl of. the water wallsY and opening thereinto. atthe lowermost pointsV ofv said walls fork draining sediment therefrom intov thel lower' header, said 'lower headerl being shieldediromthe-,fire in thefurnace. Y

6. VIn afboilerconstruction, Ya casing-, a fire box, an upper-header,V a lower header constituting a mud drum, tubes' connecting the headers,V bale means lforrvcausing the hot'gasesto assume a tor- ASHUR U. WETHERBEE.

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