US1993165A - Composition shingle - Google Patents

Description

March 5, 1935. N. -HARsHBERGr-:R

coMosITIoN SHINGLE Filed sept. 29, 1951 2 sheets-sheet;

nsf ourse March 5, 1935. N1 P HARsHBERGE-R Y 1,993,155

' COMPOSITION sHINGLE Filed Sept. 29, 1931 2' Sheets-Sheet 2 924 nventor Patented Mar. 5, 1935 Y v y UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE COMPOSITION SIINGLE Y 'Norman P. Harshberger, Scarsdale, N. Y Y., as-

signor to Bakelite Building Products Co. Inc., New York, N. Y., a corporation of Delaware Application September 29, 1931, Serial No.l 565,883 26 Claims. (Cl. 10S-7) This invention relates to shingles, more parmaterial to create color contrast, making possible ticularly, however, composition shingles, comthe grouped arrangement of the exposed simuposed of various suitable materials in rigid and lated figures. v non-rigid forni composed of compositions, hav- 8 is a cross section through line 8-8 of ing bases of any suitable substance that may Fig. 4 bringing out the offsetting method of 5 readily be surfaced with coloring matter. producing simulated shingle exposures.

I prefer, however, to utilize such materials as Fig. 9 is a cross section through line 9-9 of are generally employed and used by the roong Fig. 6 wherein a shingle of initially plastic maindustry wherein fibrous materials and binding terial is depressed to create the particular group- 10 substances are used for the base of the shingles. ing of shingle exposures, showing the granulated 10 Anyk type of surfacing material to produce or pulverized coloring matter imbedded on the color eil'ects may be combined with the shingle surface of one side. A base material. It is also to be understood that Fig. 10 is a plan view showing a method of' although I refer to the invention as relating to assembly of the shingles of Fig. l Awhich may be l5 shingles, it may be equally adapted for use as used with any one or all of the shingle shapes 15 siding. shown in this invention to produce a covering of In my copending application Ser. No. 541,089, about a single thickness of material as shown filed May 29, 1931, I have disclosed shingles of by the method of assembling the courses. a grouping such as disclosed in this application Fig. ll is a plan showing a modied form of which are assembled in a like manner, however, the invention. 20 the desired arrangement of exposures in said Fig. 12 is a plan view of an assembly of a still :tiled application are brought about by folding the further modified form of shingle. body portions to produce individual shingle ex- Fig. 13 is a bottom perspective of the shingle posures,I and the present invention is modified shown in Fig. 12.

at least to that extent. Fig. 14 is a section on line 14-14 of Fig. 13. 25

In this invention the blanks are formed in Fig. 15 is a section on line 15-15 of Fig. 12. any suitable mannerwithout folding. Fig. 16 is a sectional view of the modification In the accompanying drawingsfof the shingle shown in Fig. 13.

Fig. 1 is a plan view of an individual shingle Referring now to the drawings, and particushowing a preferred shape with color contrasts larly to Fig. 1, it will be seen that a shingle A 30 creating the novel simulatedgrouped shingle. is illustrated as having an L-shape, the legs o.'

Fig. 2 is a plan view showing the blanks as which extend at an obtuse angle. This shingle they are formed from cutting the web or foundais dened by the upper long edges 1 and 2, the tion material from which the base of the shingles ends 3 and 9 and the inner edges 5 and 7. vThe are taken. junction or corner formed between the edges 35' Fig. 3 is a plan view disclosing an assembly 3 and 5 is removed to form an edge 4, and a of the shingles of Fig. 1 to bring about atleast edge 8 is formed in the same manner a double thickness of material at the desired between the end edge 9 and the inner edge 7. points, and showing the new arrangement of Froman inspection of Fig. l, it will be seen 40 courses. that the edges 4 and 8 are substantially in the 40 Fig. 4 is a plan view of an individual shingle same plane, and they extend. approximately in disclosing a modication where edges are created a plane parallel to a third edge 6, said last named by offsetting the plane of the shingle to still furedge joining the inner edges 5 and 7. The adther accentuate two of the edges of the simulated vantages owing from constructing the edges in individual shingle effect and wherein a greater this manner will be enumerated as the descrip- 45 side lap is produced by reason of the angles and tion proceeds. The L formed by this shape of length of the cut edges. shingle is divided into three areas comprising a Fig. 5 is a plan view showing an assembly of leg Y and a leg Z, between which a connecting two units similar to the shingle illustrated in area X is formed. These areas are formed in Fig. 4. several manners which are variously shown in 50 Fig. 6 is a perspective view showing a molded the sectional views of Figs. "l, 8 and 9. The or pressed form wherein the two Yedges are shingle A of Fig. 1, for instance, is formed by formed by offsetting but one face of the shingle. p'acing additional layers on the vupper surface Fig. 7 is a section through line 7-7 of Fig. 1, 23 of the shingle, these layers consisting of a showing one method of building up surfacing binder 24 and a mineral surfacing material 25, 55

the line of demarcation between the area Y and the area X being indicated at 19. This line extends substantially parallel to the end edge 9 and connects with the corner 16 formed at the junction of edges 6 and 7. In this manner a pentagonal gure results not only at the leg portion of the L but also with respect to the remainder X. In like manner the area Z is divided from the remainder X by the line 20, and the legs Y and Z are usually surfaced with a mineral material of contrasting color to that of the remainder X. As a result of the novel formation of my shingle it will be seen that one shingle may be laid instead of three and the roof produced by an assembly of such shingles will show hexagonal portions. In other words, the invention contemplates the provision of means to form a simulated roof of hexagonal shingles which have been found to produce the most economical results and pleasing effects.

In Fig. 2 the web from which the shingle blanks A are cutis shown, and as a further advantage of forming the shingles in my novel manner it will be seen that although the'single shingle produced takes the place of three shingles, the blank is cut from a relatively narrow web. This is of extreme'importance in that expensive wide rolls of material do not have to be manufactured, thus entailing a minimum of waste in the production of the shingle. The only waste is that occasioned-by cutting oi a corner between the end of the L and the inside edges of the L, that is, by making the cut 8 which is practically negligible. These little waste pieces 2a may, if desired, be left attached to the covered portion of the shingle without changing the function in application.

A roof assembly of such shingles is shown in Fig. 3 wherein the courses are designated. It will be seen that the cut olf edges 8 and 4, in addition to forming hexagonal shapes when laid, also aid in laying the roof. The corners 17 of the shingle of the third course are aligned with an edge' 3 of shingle of the second course, and at the other side of the shingle of the third course the corner 18 is aligned with the edge 5 of a shingle of the second course. At the same time the edge 6 of an upper shingle coincides with either an edge 4 or 8 of a lower shingle, which has as an ultimate result a check in two ways.

In Figs. 4 and 5 a modification of the shingle A is shown, said modification B having its legs extending at right angles. The outer edges 29 and 30 of the legs have the division lines 31 and 33 extending at right angles thereto and approximately parallel to the- end edges 32 and 34, respectively. The corner portions are removed to form aligned or co-extensive small edges 26 and 28 which are substantially parallel to the inner small edge 27. 'I'his shingle is laid up in the same manner but a greater side lap is produced by reason of the angle between the legs, andA in addition the shape of the exposed area is changed from a flattened hexagonal to a more regular hexagonal gure. This shingle is divided somewhat similar to the shingle A into three areas, P, Q, and R, the leg areas being designated Q, and R and having both their upper and lower surfaces out of the plane of such surfaces of the remainder P.. The shingle comprises a base layer 36, a binder 35 and upper surfacing 38, and is formed by depressing the legsQ and R out of the plane of the remainder P.

In Fig. 8 a sectional view of this figure is shown, wherein the lower or bottom surface 37 of the remainder P will be seen to be out of the plane of the bottom surface of theleg Q.

The shingle C shown in Fig. 6 is a modification of the shingle A but has substantially the same angles as the shingle B. This shingle, however, diiers from the previously described shingles in several ways, rst, it is formed with a base layer 53 having a lower surface 54 which extends in one` continuous plane; second, it has mineral coloring material extending throughout the upper surface 52; third, the lines of demarkation 50 and 51 are accented by depressing the leg portions M and N out of the plane of the remainder L. The shingle C has outer edges 41 and 42 which extend approximately at right angles to each other, and end edges 43 and 49 which likewise extend at right angles respectively to the edges 41 and 42. The small edges 44, 46 and 48 are formed in the same manner as previously described with respect to shingles A andB, and the lines of demarkation 50 and 51 extend substantially parallel to the end edges 49 and 43, respectively, beginning, of course, from the junction formed between the small edge 46 and the sides 45 and 47.

In Fig. 10 an extremely inexpensive roof is shown, wherein practically a single thickness of Ashingle is illustrated. This roof, for purposes of illustration, has a ridge line 62 and an eaves line 64,.the end of the roof 63 extending approximately at right angles to such last-named lines.

The roof sheathing 61 receives the shingles directly but of course it will be understood that tar paper, or other protective covering, may be introduced prior to the application of the shingles.

This roof is started with a layer 65 of a roll roofing upon which a shingle A is placed, a series of such shingles extending directly up the roof and being aligned by means of the aligning notches 13 and 14 shown in Fig. 1. By beginning the first shingle with its edges 8 and 4 aligned with the eaves line, 64 and then placing the second shingle so that the edges 3 and 9 engage the aligning notches 14 and 13, respectively, a shingle roof may be produced without laying off the roof and without the use of chalk lines or other aligning means. Here again my shingle presents a novel and extremely advantageous feature in that the roofer does not have to go to the trouble of placing nails at each side of the roof, nor does he have to stretch lines between such nails, and furthermore, he does not have to maintain such lines in chalked condition, all of which materially increase the expense of laying the roof.

In Fig. 11 a further modication is illustrated in which the shingle has two substantially plane edges 71 and 72 which denne the outer boundaries of two legs of a substantially L-shaped shingle. The ends of the legs of the L, as well as the inner edges, are formed by the curved edge 75 which may be in the form of an ogee curve. This term is understood in the art to mean a curve of regular formation so that if a median line be drawn an equal and oppositely extending curve will alternately result. The ogee line 75, or what becomes the lower edge of the shingle, is joined to the side edges 71 and 72 by the small edges 74 and 73, respectively. As will be obvious from an inspection of Fig. 11, when this shingle is laid up the figures which result insteadof being hexagonal will more nearly approach a circular shape with two lips thereon. This shingle is shown as havingafiat appearance but of course its surface may be treated as described with respect to the previous figures and conversely the shingles in those figures may have a fiat surface upon either the upper or lower face or both.

In Figs. 12 and 14, still further modifications are shown in which the shingle has a central portion which extends up out of the plane of the general body portion of the shingle. This shingle is similar to those previously described in that it is of' substantial L-shaped formation, but differs from such shingles in providing spacing or gauging means which greatly expedite laying up such shingles in a roof assembly. These shingles are also specifically adapted to be laid in vertical courses and have means which permit the ready assembly of one vertical course with another. This modified form of shingle is shown in detail in the perspective view of Fig. 13. wherein the bottom or under surface 90 has a central portion 100 pressedy out of the plane of such body portion to form a raised portion 92 on the upper surface 91 of the shingle. Similar to the previously described shingles this one also has two long edges 8l and 82 defining the outer boundaries of the legs of an L and such legs have end edges 83 and 89 and inner edges 85 and 87. The inner corners of the legs of the L are removed to form small edges 84 and 88 which are substantially co-extensive and which extend substantially parallel to the small inner edge 86 .which joins the inner leg edges 85 and 87. The raised portion 92 has an edge 93 which is spaced from the edge 82, and an edge 94 which is similarly spaced from the edge 81, said edges 93 and 94 extending substantially parallel to the edges 82 and 8i. As will be seen from an inspection of Fig. 12, spacing of the edges in this manner permits the adjacent shingles in the same horizontal course t'o be accurately aligned in proper position. 'Ihe edges 95 and 98 form the upper edge of the hexagonal figure whichl results when the shingles are assembled and the edges 96 and '97 form the diverging edges extending from such upper edge in the hexagonal figure referred to.

In this modification the raised portion 92 is formed either by pressing it out of the plane of the general body portion or depressing the general body portion so that the portion 92 extends in a plane above that of the general body portion.

In Fig. 16 another method of forming the shingles shown in Figs. 12 and 15, inclusive, is illustrated. in which the raised portion 92a is a separate portion attached to the surface 91a by suitable adhesive and this `shingle may be formed either by cutting out that part of the L-shaped shingle which lies immediately below the portion 92a, or where substantial thickness is desired by merely superimposing portion 92a upon an L- shaped shingle.

From the preceding description it will be seen that I have produced a shingle which may be laid with a minimum amount of labor and which when laid results in a roof of extremely pleasing appearance. It will be further noted that each of the various shingles shown may be assembled rapidly and accurately without the aid of aligning means. other than those contained in the shingle itself. f

A still further advantage flowing from the use of my improved shingle is that the amount of overlap maybe varied to produce a roof of praetically one shingle thickness. ora roof of substantially two shingle thicknesses.

In addition to all of these advantages the shingle A, for instance. may be cut from a relatively narrow web of roofing material and yet such shingle when cut takes the place of three ordinary hexagonal shingles, making relatively small shingle exposure eiects compared to others that approach the small amount of material for covering the same area.

Other modes of applying the principle of my invention may be employed instead of the one explained, change being made as regards the mechanism herein disclosed. provided the means stated by any of the following claims or the equivalent of such stated means be employed.

I therefore particularly point out and distinctly claim as my invention:-

1. A shmgxesubmnnally 1n the shape of an said L into a large central surface area and two adjacent smaller surface areas. said lines being parallel to the ends of said legs, and the surface areas on opposite sides of said lines being of contrasting effect.

2. A shingle substantially in the shape of an L. said L having legs extending at obtuse angles, the inner corners of said legs being removed and defining substantially co-extensive edges, and the inner edges of said legs being joined by another edge. said last-named edge being parallel to said first-named co-extensive edges,4 and lines o! demarcation extending from the junction of said last-named edge and said inner edges. said lines being parallel to the ends of said legs, there being contrasting surfaceson opposite sides of said lines. in different planes.

3. A shingle substantially in the shape of an L. said L having legs extending at obtuse angles. the inner corners of said legs being removed and deiining substantially co-extensive edges, and the inner edges of said legs being Joined by another edge. said last-named edge being parallel to said first-named co-extensive edges, and linesof demarcation extending from the liuncticn of said last-named edge and said inner edges, said lines being parallel to the ends of said legs. there being contrasting surfaces on opposite sides of said lines in different planes. the lower surface of said shingle being in one plane.

4. A shingle substantially in the shape of an L. said L having legs extending at obtuse angles. the inner corners of said leas being removed and denning substantially co-extensive edges, the plane of the upper surface of said legs being out of the plane of the upper surface of the remainder of said L.

5. A shingle substantially in the shape of' an L.

plane of the upper surface ofthe remainder of said ,L, said legs and remainder each having pentagonal shapes, the area of said remainder being greater than that of one of said legs.

'1. A shingle substantially in the shape of an L, said L having legs extending at obtuse angles. the inner corners of said legs being removed and defining substantially co-extensive edges, the plane of the upper surface of said legs being out of the plane of the upper surface of the remainder of said L, said legs and remaindereach having pentagonal shapes, the area of saidV remainder being greater than that of oneof said legs, and said legs having equal areas.

8. A shingle substantially in the shape of an L, said L having legs extending at right angles and having upper surfaces out of the plane of the remainder of said shingle, said remainder and legs each having pentagonal shapes.

9. A shingle substantially in the shape of an L, said Lv having legs extending at obtuse angles, the

inner corners of said legs being removed and de- K fining substantially co-extensive edges, the upper surface of said shingle having a raised portion therein, and edges on said raised portion extending substantially parallel to the edges of said L.

10. A shingle substantially in the shape of an L, said L having legs extending at obtuse angles, the inner corners of said legs being removed and defining substantially co-extensive edges, the upper surface of said shingle having a raised portion therein, and edges on said raised portion extending substantially parallel to the edges of said L, said raised portion being pressed out of the plane of the under surface of the shingle.

11. A shingle substantially in the shape of an L, said L having legs extending at obtuse angles, the inner corners of said legs being removed and defining substantially co-extensive edges, the upper surface of said shingle having a raised portion therein, and edges on said raised portion extending substantially parallel to the edges of said L, said raised portion being pressed out of the plane of the under surface of the shingle, being integral with the remaining portions of said shingle.

12. A shingle having a substantially L shape, with the inner corners of the legs of the L removed to form co-extensive edges, said edges extending substantially parallel with a third edge that joins the inner edges of the legs of said L, and a superimposed portion on said L shaped shingle, said portion having edges substantially parallel to the edges of said L.

13. A, shingle having a substantially L shape, with the inner corners of the legs of the L removed to form co-extensive edges, said edges extending substantially parallel with a third edge that joins the inner edges of the legs of said L, and a superimposed portion on said L shaped shingle, said portion having one edge aligned with said third edge, the remaining edges thereof being parallel to the remaining edges of said L.

14. A shingle substantially in the shape of an L. said L comprising a body portion and legs extending therefrom at obtuse angles, the inner corners of said legs being removed and defining substantially co-extensive edges, the outer edges of said body portion and legs lying in the same line and forming the outer edges of the L, the end edges of the L being substantially parallel to their respective opposite outer edges of the L and th inner edges of the legs being joined by anotheredge, said lastnamed edge being parallel toV said first named cofextensive edges. and lines of demarcation extending from the .function of said last named edge and said inner edges, said lines being parallel to the ends of said legs, there bein'g contrasting surfaces on opposite sides of said lines.

15. A shingle substantially in the shape of an L, said L having legs extending therefrom at angles to each other, the inner edges of the L and the end edges of its legs defining curved edges and said edges `taking the form of a continuous substantially ogee curve.,

16. A shingle assembly comprising vertical rows of overlapping shingle elements, said elements being substantially in the shape of an L,' said L having legs extending therefrom at angles to each other, the inner corners of said legs being removed and defining substantially co-extensive edges, the upper surface of said shingle having a raised portion therein, said raised portion having an extension at one side said extension adapted to register the elements of adjacent rows in assembly.

17. A composition shingle substantially in the shape of an L, said L comprising a body portion and legs extending at angles therefrom, the inner corners of said legs being removed and defining substantially co-extensive edges, the outer edges of said body portion and legs lying substantially in the same line and forming the outer edges of the L, the end edges of the L being substantially parallel to their respective opposite outer edges of the L, and the faces of said body portion and legs presenting contrasting effects.

18. A fibre-containing composition shingle substantially in the shape of anv L, said shingle comprising a pair of adjacent upwardly converging substantially straight edges andv a lower serrated edge connecting the longitudinal extremities of said upper edges and having portions thereof op.- posite said converging edges defining end edges of the L, said lower serrated edge also defining a pair of tabs and a recess therebetween substantially equal and complementary to said tabs, the upper edge of said recess being below a line connecting the longitudinal meeting points of said upper and lower edges and said end edges of the L being substantially parallel to their respective opposite upward converging edges of the L.

19. A surface covering comprising a plurality of L-shaped shingle elements each comprising a composition base having upper' edges and a lower serrated tab defining edge and having upon its surface to be exposed a group of connected figures of contrasting effect at least one of which is partially defined by said tab formed edge, each of said figures having a pentagonal shape land one of said figures being greater in area than others, said elements being laid in courses with the tab defining edge of one element overlapping an upper edge of a subjacent element so as to form a covering of similar size hexagonal configurations from said pentagonal shapes. y

20. A shingle substantially in the shape of an L, comprising a central `portion forming the base of the L and projections extending at obtuse angles to each other from adjacent sides of said base and forming legs of the L, the inner corners of said legs being removed and defining substantially coextensive edges and said base and'leg portions having bounding edges, certain edges of the legs defining end edges of the L and other edges of each lying substantially on a common straight line and being substantially parallel to respective opposite edges forming said end edges of the L.

21. A shingle substantially in the shape of an L, comprising a central flat portion forming the base of the L and projections extending divergently from adjacent sides of said base and forming legs of the L, the inner corners of said legs being removed and defining substantiallycoextensive edges, and the inner edges of said legs being joined by another edge, said last-named edge being parallel to said first-named coextensive edges, and said base portion having a pair of edges forming outer edges of the L and said leg portions having edges opposite said respective base edges forming end edges of the L and being substantially parallel to said respective opposite base edges, and said central flat portion having an area greater than either leg to provide Afor overlapping by adjacent shingles in assembly.

22. A shingle substantially in the shape f an L, said L having legs extending at obtuse angles from a central body portion of greater area than said legs, the inner corners of said legs being removed and defining substantially coextensive edges, similar outer edges of said central body portion and legs lying substantially on a common straight line and forming the outer edges of the L, and another edge of each leg forming an end edge of the L, each end edge being substantially opposite and parallel one of said outer edges, and said outer edges of the L having aligning notches therein to locate adjacent overlying shingles in assembly.

23. An article of manufacture, a. shingle element adapted to present a plurality of shingle configurations whenlaid, said element comprising a shingle-like base layer having upper and lower surfaces and having a central interior portion thereof removed angl there being another shingle-like portion, of greater dimensions than the opening formed by such removal, attached to the upper surface of said base layer over said opening, whereby another upper surface is provided offset from the upper surface of the base layer which together therewith outline the de-y` ing from the body portion and at least one space along the body portion free of such projection to define a shingle size exposure when the element is laid, a portion of said upper surface of the body portion being pressed upwardly vout of the plane of the remainder of said upper surface, whereby an offset surface portion is provided to denne when the element is laid, a configuration similar in outline to the tab, said offset surface portion being in staggered relation to th tab projection and having edges extending substantially parallel to thel side edges of said shingle.

25. In a shingle assembly, a plurality of substantially L-shaped composition shingles, said shingles having a body portion and leg portions extending therefrom at angles to each other forming the extremities of said L, the inner corners of said legs being removed and deningsubstantially coextensive edges, the outer edges of the body portion and legs lying substantially in the same line and forming the outer edges of the L, the end edges of the legs forming end edges of the L and being substantially parallel to their respective opposite outer edges of the L, and the inner edges of said legs being joined by another edge, said last named edge extending substantially parallel to said coextensive edges, said similar shingle congurations, said elements be- Y ing substantially in the shape of an L, and said L comprising a base portion and legs extending therefrom at angles to each other, the inner corners of said legs being removed and defining substantially coextensive edges and the legs each being of a lesser area than the base portion, said elements being assembled in vertical rows with said coextensive edges pointed downwardly and overlapping thebase portion of a subjacent element in the same row and with the end edges of the legs of said elements overlapping the outer edges of legs of elements in an adjacent row.

NORMAN P. HARSHBERGER.

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