US1974695A - Spring of nickel-iron alloy - Google Patents
Spring of nickel-iron alloy Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1974695A US1974695A US594149A US59414932A US1974695A US 1974695 A US1974695 A US 1974695A US 594149 A US594149 A US 594149A US 59414932 A US59414932 A US 59414932A US 1974695 A US1974695 A US 1974695A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- nickel
- beryllium
- iron
- spring
- tungsten
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B11/00—Oxides or oxyacids of halogens; Salts thereof
- C01B11/04—Hypochlorous acid
- C01B11/06—Hypochlorites
- C01B11/064—Hypochlorites of alkaline-earth metals
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
- G04B17/20—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency
- G04B17/22—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency for the effect of variations of temperature
- G04B17/227—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency for the effect of variations of temperature composition and manufacture of the material used
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49609—Spring making
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49609—Spring making
- Y10T29/49611—Spring making for vehicle or clutch
Definitions
- the lmown nickel-iron alloys as are used for example in the manufacture of spiral springs for watches, with positive thermo-elastic coefilcient, have the great disadvantage of too low hardness.
- the springs heavily damp the vibrating system, which among other disadvantages leads in particular to large energy losses. Further, such springs easily deform which makes their use in small watches difficult and renders their use in marine chronometers impossible owing to the permanent deformations of the end curves produced as a result of the low hardness.
- These known springs are brought to glowing heat in the fixation of their shape talnng place at high temperature (600 to 700 C.) and thus lose the hardness produced in rolling.
- the present invention relates to a spring of nickel-iron alloy with a hardening addition of beryllium, in particular for thermo-compensated vibrating systems, in which the increase of hardness of the spring takes place during the fixation of the shape thereof and in which the thermoelastic requirements are completely satisfied.
- a quantity of other alloying substances such as tungsten, molybdenum, chromium and so forth in amounts up to 30% is added to the main alloying ingredients in such relative proportion that not only does an increase in hardness of the spring take place during the fixation of shape thereof at high temperature, but also the thermo-elastic coefficient of the alloy is brought to the required value for compensating spiral watch, springs.
- thermoelastic coefficient is strongly influenced on one hand by the amount of the nickel content and on the other hand by the amount of beryllium as well as of tungsten, molybdenum and so forth, so that according to the proportions of the alloying ingredients, the coefiicient can be made zero, negative or positive as desired.
- the addition of beryllium, which can amount to 0.1 to 3%, in combination with the addition of tungsten, molybdenum and the like which used alone or several together can amount to 530% of the alloy, thus makes it possible by suitable choice of their relative proportions to obtain any desired value of the thermo-elastic coeflicient and its linear variation between and +50 C. together with the achievement of the novel effect of hardening during the fixation of shape of the spring. 7
- alloy according to the invention are the following:
- a watch spring consisting of a nickel-iron alloy of great hardness with controlled and predetermined thermo-elastic coeihcient, comprising 25 to 40% nickel, 0.1 to 3% beryllium, 5-30% of a metal from the group comprised of tungsten, molybdenum and chromium, and the balance substantially iron, the nickel contents being balanced against the content of beryllium and refractory metals to fix the said coefiicient at the desired value and sign while the hardness is maintained substantially constant.
- a watch spring consisting of a nicl el-iron alloy of great hardness with. controlled and predetermined thermo-elastic coeihcient, comprising 26-32% nickel, 0.3 to 1.2% beryllium, 5-12% of a metal from the group comprised of tungsten and molybdenum, and the remainder substantially of iron.
- a watch spring consisting of a nickel-iron alloy characterized by great hardness and by a positive thermoelastic coefficient, comprising 30% nickel, 0.l to 0.5% beryllium, 8% tungsten, and the remainder substantially of iron.
- a watch spring consisting of a nickel-iron alloy characterized by great hardness and by a negative thermoelastic coeiiicient, comprising 27% nickel, 1% beryllium, 8% tungsten, and the remainder substantially of iron.
- a watch spring consisting of a nickel-iron alloy characterized by great hardness and by a negative thermoelastic coefficient, comprising 30% nickel, 1% beryllium, 3% molybdenum, 4% tungsten, and the remainder substantially of iron.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Springs (AREA)
Description
Fatented Sept. 25, 19.34
SPRING F. NICKEL-IRN ALLQY Reinhard Straumann, Waldenburg, Switzerland No Drawing.
Application February 19, 1932,
Serial No. 594,149. In Germany April 18, 193i Claims.
The lmown nickel-iron alloys, as are used for example in the manufacture of spiral springs for watches, with positive thermo-elastic coefilcient, have the great disadvantage of too low hardness. The springs heavily damp the vibrating system, which among other disadvantages leads in particular to large energy losses. Further, such springs easily deform which makes their use in small watches difficult and renders their use in marine chronometers impossible owing to the permanent deformations of the end curves produced as a result of the low hardness. These known springs are brought to glowing heat in the fixation of their shape talnng place at high temperature (600 to 700 C.) and thus lose the hardness produced in rolling.
It has already been proposed to harden nickeliron alloys for watch springs by an addition of beryllium. An increase in hardness can, it is true, thus be obtained, but the thermo-elastic coefiicient of the alloy is to a certain extent unfavourably affected.
The present invention relates to a spring of nickel-iron alloy with a hardening addition of beryllium, in particular for thermo-compensated vibrating systems, in which the increase of hardness of the spring takes place during the fixation of the shape thereof and in which the thermoelastic requirements are completely satisfied. According to the invention, with a content of to nickel and 0.1 to 3% beryllium, a quantity of other alloying substances such as tungsten, molybdenum, chromium and so forth in amounts up to 30% is added to the main alloying ingredients in such relative proportion that not only does an increase in hardness of the spring take place during the fixation of shape thereof at high temperature, but also the thermo-elastic coefficient of the alloy is brought to the required value for compensating spiral watch, springs. The value and rate of change of the thermoelastic coefficient is strongly influenced on one hand by the amount of the nickel content and on the other hand by the amount of beryllium as well as of tungsten, molybdenum and so forth, so that according to the proportions of the alloying ingredients, the coefiicient can be made zero, negative or positive as desired. The addition of beryllium, which can amount to 0.1 to 3%, in combination with the addition of tungsten, molybdenum and the like which used alone or several together can amount to 530% of the alloy, thus makes it possible by suitable choice of their relative proportions to obtain any desired value of the thermo-elastic coeflicient and its linear variation between and +50 C. together with the achievement of the novel effect of hardening during the fixation of shape of the spring. 7
Some examples of the alloy according to the invention are the following:
1. 30% nickel, 0.1 to 0.5% beryllium, 8% tungsten, remainder iron, constituting an alloy with positive thermo-elastic coefficient.
2. 27% nickel, 8% tungsten, 1% beryllium, remainder iron, constituting an alloy with negative thermo-elastic coefiicient.
3. 30% nickel, 0.5% beryllium, 6% molybdenum, remainder iron.
4. 30% nickel, 4% tungsten, 3% molybdenum, 1% beryllium, remainder iron.
What I" claim is:-
1. As a new article of manufacture, a watch spring consisting of a nickel-iron alloy of great hardness with controlled and predetermined thermo-elastic coeihcient, comprising 25 to 40% nickel, 0.1 to 3% beryllium, 5-30% of a metal from the group comprised of tungsten, molybdenum and chromium, and the balance substantially iron, the nickel contents being balanced against the content of beryllium and refractory metals to fix the said coefiicient at the desired value and sign while the hardness is maintained substantially constant.
2. As a new article of manufacture, a watch spring consisting of a nicl el-iron alloy of great hardness with. controlled and predetermined thermo-elastic coeihcient, comprising 26-32% nickel, 0.3 to 1.2% beryllium, 5-12% of a metal from the group comprised of tungsten and molybdenum, and the remainder substantially of iron.
3. As a new article of manufacture, a watch spring consisting of a nickel-iron alloy characterized by great hardness and by a positive thermoelastic coefficient, comprising 30% nickel, 0.l to 0.5% beryllium, 8% tungsten, and the remainder substantially of iron.
4. As a new article of manufacture, a watch spring consisting of a nickel-iron alloy characterized by great hardness and by a negative thermoelastic coeiiicient, comprising 27% nickel, 1% beryllium, 8% tungsten, and the remainder substantially of iron.
5. As a new article of manufacture, a watch spring consisting of a nickel-iron alloy characterized by great hardness and by a negative thermoelastic coefficient, comprising 30% nickel, 1% beryllium, 3% molybdenum, 4% tungsten, and the remainder substantially of iron.
REINHARD STRAUMANN.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE1974695X | 1931-04-18 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US1974695A true US1974695A (en) | 1934-09-25 |
Family
ID=7846458
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US594149A Expired - Lifetime US1974695A (en) | 1931-04-18 | 1932-02-19 | Spring of nickel-iron alloy |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US1974695A (en) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2524660A (en) * | 1947-05-03 | 1950-10-03 | Elgin Nat Watch Co | Watch mainspring |
US2775536A (en) * | 1952-07-19 | 1956-12-25 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Bodies having low temperature coefficients of elasticity |
US3041163A (en) * | 1958-09-04 | 1962-06-26 | Straumann Inst Ag | Temperature-compensated springs |
US20060225526A1 (en) * | 2002-07-12 | 2006-10-12 | Gideon Levingston | Mechanical oscillator system |
US20070140065A1 (en) * | 2003-10-20 | 2007-06-21 | Gideon Levingston | Balance wheel, balance spring and other components and assemblies for a mechanical oscillator system and methods of manufacture |
US20090116343A1 (en) * | 2005-05-14 | 2009-05-07 | Gideon Levingston | Balance spring, regulated balance wheel assembly and methods of manufacture thereof |
US20100034057A1 (en) * | 2006-09-08 | 2010-02-11 | Gideon Levingston | Thermally compensating balance wheel |
US20140269228A1 (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2014-09-18 | Seiko Instruments Inc. | Metal structure, method of manufacturing metal structure, spring component, chronograph coupling lever for timepiece, and timepiece |
-
1932
- 1932-02-19 US US594149A patent/US1974695A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2524660A (en) * | 1947-05-03 | 1950-10-03 | Elgin Nat Watch Co | Watch mainspring |
US2775536A (en) * | 1952-07-19 | 1956-12-25 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Bodies having low temperature coefficients of elasticity |
US3041163A (en) * | 1958-09-04 | 1962-06-26 | Straumann Inst Ag | Temperature-compensated springs |
US7641381B2 (en) * | 2002-07-12 | 2010-01-05 | Gideon Levingston | Mechanical oscillator system |
US20060225526A1 (en) * | 2002-07-12 | 2006-10-12 | Gideon Levingston | Mechanical oscillator system |
US20070140065A1 (en) * | 2003-10-20 | 2007-06-21 | Gideon Levingston | Balance wheel, balance spring and other components and assemblies for a mechanical oscillator system and methods of manufacture |
US7726872B2 (en) | 2003-10-20 | 2010-06-01 | Gideon Levingston | Balance wheel, balance spring and other components and assemblies for a mechanical oscillator system and methods of manufacture |
US20090116343A1 (en) * | 2005-05-14 | 2009-05-07 | Gideon Levingston | Balance spring, regulated balance wheel assembly and methods of manufacture thereof |
US8333501B2 (en) | 2005-05-14 | 2012-12-18 | Carbontime Limited | Balance spring, regulated balance wheel assembly and methods of manufacture thereof |
US20100034057A1 (en) * | 2006-09-08 | 2010-02-11 | Gideon Levingston | Thermally compensating balance wheel |
US8100579B2 (en) | 2006-09-08 | 2012-01-24 | Gideon Levingston | Thermally compensating balance wheel |
US20140269228A1 (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2014-09-18 | Seiko Instruments Inc. | Metal structure, method of manufacturing metal structure, spring component, chronograph coupling lever for timepiece, and timepiece |
US9310772B2 (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2016-04-12 | Seiko Instruments Inc. | Metal structure, method of manufacturing metal structure, spring component, chronograph coupling lever for timepiece, and timepiece |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US1974695A (en) | Spring of nickel-iron alloy | |
US2419825A (en) | Compensating spring and alloy for timepieces | |
US2396552A (en) | Structural element | |
US2775536A (en) | Bodies having low temperature coefficients of elasticity | |
US2762706A (en) | Low melting point alloys | |
US2274999A (en) | Glass-to-metal seal | |
US2756489A (en) | Metal alloy | |
US2266482A (en) | Age hardenable, nickel-iron-chromium-titanium alloy possessing controlled thermoelastic properties | |
US3044871A (en) | Hardenable corrosion resistant stainless steel | |
US2805945A (en) | Mainspring composed of nickel base alloys | |
US2568326A (en) | Compensating hairspring | |
US2251356A (en) | Constant coefficient mechanical element | |
US1880200A (en) | Low expanding alloy | |
US2466285A (en) | Nickel-iron alloys adapted for springs in thermocompensated oscillating systems | |
US2081820A (en) | Pivot for indicating instruments | |
US3082082A (en) | High strength, corrosionresistant alloy | |
US1454473A (en) | Compensating balance spring for chronometers and watches | |
US1892384A (en) | Metal alloy | |
US3125446A (en) | Zirconium base alloy | |
US3464815A (en) | Non-magnetic iron-nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy,and watch springs obtained with this alloy | |
US3041163A (en) | Temperature-compensated springs | |
US1919211A (en) | Alloy steel | |
US2475642A (en) | Mechanical element which is to be subjected to high temperatures | |
US2151197A (en) | Compensating spring and alloy for timepieces | |
US1106206A (en) | Balance-spring having elasticity increasing with a rise in temperature. |