US1957947A - Motion picture auditorium - Google Patents

Description

May 8, 1934. H. H. DREYFUSS 1,957,947

MOTION PICTURE AUDITORIUM v Filed Sept. 18, 1931 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 ATTORNEY-S May 8, 1934- H. H. DR EYFUSS MOTION PICTURE AUDITORIUM Filed Sept. 18, 1931 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 w if mvaN rdR v fill]? fifty Gas BY ,ATTORNEYS May 8,1934. H. H. DREYFUSS MOTION PICTURE AUDITORIUH Filed Sept. 18, 1931 5 Shee ts -Sheet 5.

May 8, 1934. H. H. DREYFUSS 1,957,947

MOTION PICTURE AUDITORIUM Filed sept. 18; 1931 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 #8 a #8 {skav aa, k M a! V INVENTOR l fll'yfffllfy uss y 1934; H. H. D'REYFUSS 1,957,947

MOTION PICTURE AUDITORIUM Filed Sept. 18, 1931 5 Sheets-Sheet 5' INVENTOR flew-y H fifty/as; syfid ATTORNEYS M lg 49 Patented May 8, 1

UNITED STA This invention relates building constructions, and more particularly to an improved building including an auditorium especially adapted for the projection of sound 5 and color motion picture The present-day tremendous motion picture auditcriums present several important difflculties due to their relatively enormous size.

place, owing to the fact jected, has'to reach a person in a seat farthest away from the screen,

audience seated in close In addition, large auditoria,

size, impose considerable attending public.

modern picture theatre is erse a series of large lobbies, and then to walk a great distance inside the tomed darkness, to find orexiting, the same difiiculties are again present- Such large show houses,

ed to the spectator. because of the necessity ing members, such as columns, from the body of the auditorium, require truss work. In addition,

ing laws of several States permission is being granted to superimpose commercial structures on top of such theatres, the absence of supporting columns in the auditorium, proper, will necessitate-still heavier, and correspondingly more expensive construction.

A further marked disadvantage of the presentday large-sized auditoria, resides in the excessive for the installation and upkeep of cost required lighting fixtures.

It is an object of this improved theatre particularly adapted for sound and vision, which is characterized by a maximum of screen intimacy,

taining a desirably auditorium.

provision of an improve A person entering a large,

while at the same large seating capacity.

It is a further object of this invention to provide such an improved theatre in which a plurality of screens are centrally disposed in an 1,957,947 MOTION PICTURE AUDITOBIUM Henry H. Dreyfuss, New York, N. Y. Application September 18, 1931,8erial No. 563,497

sound and vision in which '1 Claims.

to improvements in Another object of films. sion of an improved to any desired portion In the first A further object of that the sound, as proit is amplified to such ciated structures are sound reproduction Another object of members of the proximity to the screen. due to their great inconvenience upon the first required to travauditorium, in unaccuslighting system.

his seat. Upon leaving of eliminating supportvery heavy beam and where under new buildto be limited to the ones pended claims.

surfaces or screens;

invention to provide an section;

time reing elements, and

d projection system for o! the improved auditorium.

groupedvaround a plurality o serviced by a single or common pro this invention theatre construction which 6| permits of ready ingress and egress of spectators of the auditorium. this invention is the prostructure for sound supports and assoalso adapted to serve as supports for superimposed building constructions. It is also an object of this invention to provide an improved motion pictur and vision, in which maximum seatin is insured in a given ground space.

this invention is the provision of an improved method and apparatus for visually and aurally presenting information, as stock reports, displays and lik Another object of this invention is the provision of an improved lighting system for auditoria for sound and vision projection i ing curtains are adapted to be placed in front or screen surfaces and such curt be incorporated in or included as eleme vision of an improved theatre and vision in which the screen such limitations are clearly Fig. 5 is a plan view of the basement res PATENT OFFICE an audience may be I projection screens jection unit.

is the provie theatre for sound g capacity e features.

n which the reflectains are adapted to nts of the These, and other desirable objects and advantages of the present invention will be described in the accompanying specification in the drawings, a certain preferre being disclosed by way of example-only, for, since the underlying principles may be incorporated in other specific constructions, it is not intended here shown, except as imposed by the ap- In the drawings, like numerals refer to similar parts throughout the several views, of which Fig. 1 is a perspective view of an improved 9 5 auditorium having centrally disposed viewing Fig. 2 is an isometric elevation of an improved auditorium incorporated in a building structure, certain of the building elements being shown in 100 Fig. 3 is a plan view of an improved auditorium showing general seating arrangement and disposition of the projection screens centrally there- Fig. 4 is the ground floor plan of an improved motion picture auditorium and associated buildand illustrated d embodiment structure such Referring" more particularly to the drawings, and to the construction shown in Fig. 1, the novel motion picture auditorium of the present invention includes a substantially square room desig nated generally by the numeral 10. This room or chamber may have any desired circular or polygonal shape and is provided with the usual walls 20, suitably configured, and a vaulted ceiling designated by the numeral 21. The vaulted ceiling is centrally supported by a columnar structure 22 having a plurality of apertures 23, at the bottom thereof, and facing various portions of the auditorium so as to provide a substantially continuous series of apertures adapted to contain a plurality of viewing screens 24 for sound and vision projection. The screen apertures are separated from each other by columns 25 having diverging fins, 200, projecting outwardly from the main columnar structure and serving to prevent interference between adjacent screens under normal operating conditions.

The central columnar structure 22 extends through the floor 30, and through the basement and is supported on the usual footings. This separate support of the central column prevents the transmission of vibrations from the main area of the auditorium to the supports of the viewing screens. The floor is provided with a plurality of main aisles or ramps 31 extending upwardly from the sections 25 of the center support to a series of staircases 32 having stairways 33 leading upwardly from the foyer and other stairs 34 disposed on either side thereof leading to the upper or mezzanine section of the auditorium.

The main aisles 31 may be illuminated, during the projection of the pictures, by means of lights 29 positioned between the fins 200 of columns 25 and so disposed as not to interfere with the projection screens 24. The lighting fixtures 29, are preferably disposed in the rear portion or apex of the recess formed by the fins and may, if desired, be continuous from floor to ceiling, as shown more particularly in Fig. 1. These lights may be socalled naked lights, or they may comprise illuminated glass panels. By placing these lights deep'in the fins, splash of light into the auditorium will be eliminated and the illumination will be confined to the aisle areas. In addition, the fins 200, of the columns 25, may be provided on their inner surfaces with ventilating devices, designated generally by the numeral 201, to permit the introduction of fresh air, cooled or otherwise tempered, into the auditorium at a substantially central point, the grills or other devices 201 preferably being so constituted and arranged as to direct the inflowing air upwardly toward the ceiling, from whence it flows toward the walls of the chamber or auditorium. The air may be withdrawn through suitable conduits positioned under the seats, these conduits having caps or other devices, 202, adapted to prevent the clogging of the conduits. By positioning the withdrawal conduits in a uniform manner over the entire auditorium, there will be secured a uniform distribution of cooling and refreshing air to the several portions of the audience without requiring any one portion thereof to breathe a vitiated atmosphere. While the air inlets in the auditorium may be positioned in the fins, it will be appreciated that they may be disposed directly above the viewing screens, if desired.

The main area of the auditorium is divided into a plurality of segments 40, having central aisles or ramps 41 debouching from the main aisle 42 extending around the upper portion of the main body 01' the auditorium. The upper tiers of seats are contained in sections 50, 51 and 52, extending upwardly from an aisle 43, which is reached by means of the stairs 34. Ramps and steps 53 are provided between the several sections to permit access to the seats, and also to provide access to the rear aisle 5s co-extensive with the walls 20. It will be apparent that by spacing the stairways 32 equally distant from each other and in substantial alignment with the supporting or spacing columns 25 that the auditorium can be divided into a plurality of sections or segments, each of which is relatively small and permits of a desired degreeof intimacy between the spectators and the screen 24. Thus a person sitting in the rearmost portion of any of the sections 50 will be within easy aural and visual range of the screen immediately facing him. This will permit of a desirable modulation or modification of the sound and light propagated or emitted out from the screen so that the persons seated in the foremost sections 45 of the seats adjacent the screen will not be subjected to excessive ocular or aural discomfort.

The screens 24 are preferably of a translucent material adapted for the projection of sound therethrough from the central chamber 26 of the column which is formed by the rear walls of the screens and adjacent supporting members 25. In

this chamber 26 may be disposed any suitable projection apparatus including, where desired, suitable prismatic or equivalent optical devices adapted to feed or throw a single picture upon 4 each of the screens, the said chamber 26 being connected with a projection room 27 through an aperture 28 adapted to permit the passage of suit-' able translating apparatus for the projected picture. In addition the chamber or space 26 will serve to house the sound projection equipment which may include separate units for each of the screens, or a common, centrally disposed unit for the entire group, the circumferential disposition of the screens being particularly adapted for the use of a unitary sound source of sumcient strength to be heard in the various portions of the auditorium.

Where separate sound units are used for each screen the whole assembly may be connected in parallel, each set being provided with its own amplifier system, thus enabling the accurate monitoring of the sound withrespect to each section of the auditorium. Thus it will be appreciated that for each given section sound of sumcient strength to be heard with comfort by all persons viewing the particular screen, will be relatively weak in comparison with such a sound as required for use with a single screen for an auditorium having the total seating capacity oi the auditorium herein described.

While the projection room has been disclosed as positioned above the chamber 26, it will be appreciated that it can be placed below or in the said chamber, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

To comply with the requirements of various building codes, rolling automatic fire doors 203 may be placed in back of the viewing screens.

In the auditorium as herein disclosed, the maximum distance from the screen to the farthest seat of any section 50 is 70 feet, whilethe total of these distances is 280 feet. Thus the present con struction permits the utilization of a building space of substantially 150 feet diagonally, to give an effective seating of the equivalent of an auditorium 280 feet in depth from the screen to the rear seats. All of this is floor is so arranged as accomplished without; requiring the use of excessive illumination and sound to. the resulting discomfort of the specta tors nearest the stage. The effective result of the improvements of the present invention is to provide a medium of sound and visual projection with accompanying comfort in aural and visual reception.

In the construction as here shown, a single to comfortably seat substantially 1700 people, yet a balcony could be added containing approximately 750 seats, which would give a total seating capacity of substantially 2500 seats, which capacity could obviously not be equalled by a regulation theatre on a plot corresponding in size. The seating capacity, expressed in square feet per head, may, for purposes of illustration, be assumed to be approximately 5,89. In the average auditorium this space requirement is exceeded, being substantially 7.5 sq. ft. per head. This shows a space saving or 1.61 sq. ft. per person, which is equivalent to saying that for every 4 people seated in an ordinary auditorium it will be possible to seat at least 5-in an auditorium constructed according to the principles of the present invention.

While the iins 200 of the central supporting columnar structure may be of any desired extent it will be appreciated that they may be suitably configured and extended substantially the entire length of the ramps or walkways 31, so as to efiectually separate the various sections 40 from each other and thus provide a plurality of theatres within a common auditorium. Thus, it is within the concept of the present invention to present a series of separate pictures on each of the several screens, which would permit the continuous presentation of such pictures and allow a spectator to wander from one screen to another and see any given picture and to view a program in any desired order or sequence. In addition, the segmental construct'on of the auditorium will permit the closing ofi of various sections during the hours of the day in which the attendance is poor, and to progressively open up the sections to the public as the attendance increases, particularly in the late afternoon and evening hours. Such flexibility in presentation of a program and in the seating of an audience is a distinct and unique feature of the present invention. Owing to the relatively short distance between sections and the convenient inlets and outlets to the sections, no undue hardship is imposed upon the spectators.

By virtue of the curvilinear roof construction and separating walls or buttresses 200, the sounds may be efiectively concentrated within the particular segment or area served by a particular screen, and interference with adjacent sections substantially completely avoided. The requisite directive'efiect will, of course, be separately figured for each particular construction.

The present novel theatre construction is particularly adapted for insertion or incorporation in existing buildings or new structures, as will readily be appreciated from a consideration of the details shown in Fig. 2, in which 'the improved construction is shown incorporated in a building in which it utilizes the major portion ofthe basement. It is to be particularly noted that the supporting columns 60, of the bu'lding, may be disposed substantially uniformly over the entire area of the building, thus providing a uniform support for the entire structure.

. the entire roof Owing to the arched ceiling construction of the auditorium and the overhead support provided by the central column 22 and its component parts, the walls, girders and associated lateral and vertical supports of the auditorium need not be of extra heavy construction,.as is at present required for the usual type of auditorium in which structure must be supported directly from the side walls. The several floors of the building are designated generally by the numeral 61. The bu'lding may be built up to any desired height and provided with the usual walls 62, and any desired number of windows and other openings 63. The upper stories of the building may be recessed, as indicated at 64, to form bays in order to provide the maximum of light for these stories, at the same t'me permitting the use of the lowermost stories, and particularly the central part thereof, for a theatre,

which, as is well known, does not require daylight illumination As above noted, and as particularly shown in Fig. 4, the exterior of the ground floor of the build ng, as well as the upper floors, may be used for a plurality of oflices or'shops, designated generally by the numerals '70, the shops shown in Fig. 4 being provided with doorways '71 and doors '72. These shops will, of course, be provided with the usual windows, designated generally by the numerals 73. The ground floor stores open directly onto the sidewalk, designated generally by the numeral '74.

The theatre entrance is indicated generally at 80, a plurality of outer doors 8i and inner doors 82 being so disposed as to form an outer lobby opening onto the sidewalk, the outer entrance being protected by a canopy 83 of any suitable-construction. In the lobby are provided ticket booths or oilices 84. at either side thereof, one or more of which opens into a private office 85 opening into the grand lobby 86. Where desired, one of the ticket oflices may be used as a private oiiice. The main lobby is generally circular in shape in order to afford a maximum of space available for the public with a minimum of building space requ'red. Leading off from the man lobby and entirely surrounding the auditorium is the grand corridor 87, which is provided with a series or plurality of alcoves 88 of various sizes wh'ch are adapted to serve as hold-out areas in which waiting crowds can be held in the theatre and in close proximity to the seats so that they can proceed to them immediately they are vacated, without having to rush from the main lobby. It is to be noted that the main lobby is of such a size that it w ll hold a waiting crowd equal in number to half the seating capacity of the theatre. The exits 89 may be provided at the rear of the grand corridor substantially diametrically opposite-the center of the grand lobby to permit direct egress to the street via passageway 90.

Admission to the main body of the auditorium is permitted by stairways 33 located at suitable points along the grand corridor. From the corridor at opposite sides of the auditorium, staircases 91 permit access the auditorium, through passageways 93. Opening off the lounge are a cosmetic room 94 and a smoking room 95, leading respectively into the women's lavatory 96, and mens lavatory 97. On the opposite side of the lounge from the lavatories is located a rod 98, for the ushers. These various rooms may be provided with the usual partitions 99 of any suitable material and construction.

to the lounge 92, situated under superstructure.

The several rooms will be provided with the usual doorways, the details of which form no part of the present; invention and will be described no further.

With respect to Fig. 5 it is to be noted that the vertical supports are substantially uniformly distributed over the entire area of the basement, providing uniform support for the entire superstructure, and that this superstructure support is substantially vertically continuous, being subjected to but a slight interruption in the space occupied by the seating portion of the auditorium. Due to the construction of the latter an ample substitute for the interrupted supports is provided, permitting the adequate support of any The space in the basement of the building not occupied by the lounge and appurtenant rooms, may be used for storage pur poses or for housing heating and cooling apparatus and service quarters for the building, as well as for a basement projection room, as noted hereinabove.

While the projection system herein disclosed is particularly adapted for use with translucent screens, it will, of course, be appreciated that direct projection from machines positioned in the rear of the several sections of the auditorium may be employed without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. In addition, the projection may take place by positioning mirrors at the rear of the auditorium, or in the ceiling thereof, and so arranging them that a beam cast from the projection chamber between the screens will hit the side of the mirrors and be reflected thence onto the screen.

It will now be appreciated that there has been provided an improved building construction particularly adapted for motion picture theatres, and more particularly for sound and visual projection, in which all parts of the auditorium are within easy aural and visual distances from the viewing surfaces or screens, and which provides a plurality of screens, each centrally disposed with respect to the auditorium and each of which is adapted to' serve a particular portion of the auditorium. The several screens may be served by a unitary projection apparatus, or each may be provided with its own such apparatus, and the screens are preferably of the translucent type, in which the pictures are projected from the rear on the screen, thus doing away with beams of light traversing the auditorium above theheads of the people. In addition the novel screen structure permits the substitution of opaque silver cur tains before the viewing screen, whereby the auditorium may be illuminated by means of reflected light, the curtains acting as gigantic reflectors,-

and thus doing away with the necessity for having a separate lighting system for the auditorium.

The illumination of the auditorium is preferably carried out according to the principles of the present invention by providing reflecting silver curtains 202, in front of the screens when the latter are not in use. These curtains may be illuminated laterally, by means of lights 204 disposed along the edges of the screen apertures, thus providing an evenly diffused light for the auditorium when the latter is not in use for picture projection. In addition, the use of such reflecting curtains or screens provides for the illumination of various sections of the auditorium, while at the same time permitting the use of the other sections for picture purposes. The lights 204, may be provided with reflectors 205, if desired, to direct the light onto the screens. Spot lights 206 suitably posiscribed more in detail hereinafter, the invention comprehends the utilization of such a system for the presentation of outdoor shows and the like. Thus, for example, a motor van or a temporary platform, may be utilized as the projection room and the viewing screens superimposed thereon in such a manner as to be visible from all seats. In the presentation of such outdoor shows the viewing screens and associated projection room may be installed in the center of a park or open space and the audience grouped therearound.

It will be understood that the invention is capable of various modifications and changes, but such modifications and changes are to be considered as being within the scope of this invention, as outlined in the following claims:

What I claim is:

an auditorium having rows of seats concentrically arranged there'n, said rows of seats being divided into a plurality of seating sections; a multiscreen projection assembly disposed in the center of said auditorium, eacli of said seating sections being provided with a corresponding viewing screen; means comprising supporting columns disposed between the said viewing'screens to act as building supports and separatingmembers, said columns being provided with outward ly flared divergent fins serving to separate the several screen sections; illuminating m'eans dis posed within the fins and adapted to illuminate the spaces intermediate the several seating sections; ventilating means formed in the said fins, and further ventilating means distributed over the seating sections and adapted to coact with the first said ventilating means.

2. In a motion picture theatre, in combination, an auditorium, a centrally disposed projection room having a plurality of viewing screens disposed therearound; a plurality of concentric rows of seats disposed around said screens and filling said auditorium; a plurality of concentric aisles paralleling said seats and other said aisles transverse to said first-named aisles, said transverse aisles extending from the respective corners of the viewing screens to the outside of the auditorium; a grand corridor subjacent to said auditorium and serving the same; a plurality of hold-out areas disposed in the periphery of said grand corridor; 2. main lobby of generally circular configuration formed at one side of said grand corridor, and a plurality of entrances opening onto said main lobby.

3. In theatre construction, in combination, an auditorium having rows of seats concentrically arranged therein, said rows of seats being divided into a plurality of seating sections, a multi-stage arrangement disposed centrally of the auditorium, each of said seating sections facing one 01 said stages, supporting columns disposed between the stages to act as building supports and separating members, said columns being provided with outwardly fiared divergent fins serving to separate the several stage sections, illuminating means disposed within the fins and adapted to illuminate the spaces intermediate the several seating sections.

4. In theatre construction, in combination, an auditorium having rows of seats concentrically arranged therein, said rows of seats being divided into a plurality'of seating sections, a multistage arrangement disposed centrally of the auditorium, each of said seating sections facing one of said stages, supporting columns disposed between the stages to act as building supports and separating members, said columns being provided with outwardly flared divergent finsserving to separate the several stage sections, and ventilating means formed in said fins.

5. In theatre construction, in combination, an auditorium having rows of seats concentrically arranged therein, said rows of seats being divided into a plurality of seating sections, a multi-stage arrangement disposed centrally of the auditorium, each of said seating sections facing one of said stages, supporting columns disposed between the stages to act as building supports and separating members, said columns being provided with outwardly flared divergent fins serving to separate the several stage sections, ventilating means formed in said fins, and further ventilating means distributed over the seating sections and adapted to coact with the first ventilating means.

6. In a motion picture theatre, in combination,

an auditorium having rows of seats concentrically arranged therein, said rows of seats being divided into a plurality of seating sections, a multiscreen projecting assembly disposed in the center of said auditorium, each of said seating sections being provided with a corresponding viewing screen, means comprising supporting columns disposed between the said viewing screens to act as building supports and separating members, said columns being provided with outwarly flared divergent fins serving to separate the several screen sections, separate reflecting screens associated with the viewing screens and adapted to be movably placed thereover, and like means adapted to illuminate said reflecting screens.

7. In a motion picture theatre, in combination, an auditorium having rows of seats concentrically arranged therein, said rows of seats being divided into a plurality of seating sections; a multiscreen projecting assembly disposed in the center of said auditorium, each of said seating sections being provided with a corresponding viewing screen, means comprising supporting columns disposed between the said viewing screens to act as building supports and separating members, said columns being provided with outward- 1y flared divergentflns serving to separate the several screen sections, reflecting screens exteriorally disposable with respect to the viewing screens and adapted to be illuminated whereby to illuminate the auditorium.

HENRY H. DREYFUSS.

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