US1862821A - Apparatus for producing liquid packages - Google Patents

Description

.Eune 14, 1932. E. E. HENDERSON 9 3 APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING LIQUID PACKAGES s Shets-Sheet 1 Original Filed Jan. 13, 1928 INVENTOR ATTORNEY June 14, 1932. E. E- HENDERSON 1,362,321

APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING LIQUID PACKAGES Original Filed Jan. 15. 1928 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 ATTORNEY June 14, 1932. HENDERSON 1,862,821

APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING LIQUID PACKAGES ori inal Filed Jan. 15, 1928 :5 Sheets-Sheet 3 y INVENTOR ATTORNEY Patented 1...... 14, 1932 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE EDWARD E. nnnnnnsou, or NEW YORK, n. Y., ASSIGNOR Tomes PATENT conroim- TION, or NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION or NEW YORK APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING LIQUID PACKAGES Application filed January 13, 1928, Serial-No. 246,457. Renewed November 3, 1931.

My invention relates to apparatus for producing liquid. packages, each consisting of a glass container filled with a liquid and sealed.

Vhile the apparatus in certain of its characteristics or aspects-is adapted or ada table to the production of packages having substam tially varying character, it is especially wellvention will, therefore, be particularly described as adapted for the production of such packages or filled containers, with the understanding that in the broader aspects of the invention I do not limit myself to utilizaspecific article described or to the filling of glass containers with perfume, since evidently the process and apparatus are adapted or adaptable to substantial variations in the container itself or in the character of liquid with which it is filled.

The above identified patents fully explain the advantageof packaging and sealing a.

ly crude filling. method and relatively primitlve or rudimentary apparatus by which the stated packages may be produced, by what amount to hand methodsof manufacture; and while such methods and apparatus are practical andoperative, they are relatively slow and uneconomical, and do not permit the packages to be produced at practically low cost, 'or with reasonable margin of profit when sold at a moderate cost to the consumer.

The general purpose of the present invention is to provide improved and practical automatic sealing mechanism by which the filled tion of the mechanism for production of the containers may be turned out in large volume r at low cost.

The characteristics and advantages of the invention are further sufficiently explained in being considerably exaggerated for clearness of' illustration.

Fig. 2 is a perspective View of parts of the apparatus, explaining steps of the process.

F g. 3 is a section of apparatus to explain the filling operation.

4 shows the container after. sealing at one end and filling.

Fig. 5 explains the preheating operation and also shows one of the cooling means or devices.

Fig. 6 explains sealing and cooling operations. 1

Fig. 7 shows the completed container.

Fig. 8 is a plan view of apparatus embodying the invention in one form.

Fig. 9 is a vertical section at 9-9, Fig. 8.

Fig. 10 is a view, principally in elevation from the left of Fig. 8, with certain parts in section.

Fig. 11 is a detail view of an adjusting device.

Fig. 1 shows a glass container which I may call for convenience, a flask, ready for the filling and sealing operations, and which is produced in a manner disclosed in Patents No. 1,397,631 and No. 1,452,801, above referred to. For the purpose of packaging such liquids as expensive perfumes, a relatively minute quantity is desirably inclosed and preserved m each'flask. The flask F is actually much smaller than is shown in Fig. 1, but has substantially the same relative proportions. The glass used for the flasks is desirably of a suitable quality of lead glass, the

fracture of which produces relatively blunt or non-sharp edges. p

The central or'body portion 1 is of substantially larger diameter than the ends 2, and holds by far the greater part of the liquid. The ends are of small diameter, and the passages 3 through them are of capillary.

size. The ends are connected to the body by generally tapering formations 4. "In carry- .ing out the present improved filling and sealing process, made possible by the improved machine, in distinction from the. old process as disclosed in the above identified patents, and in which the containers or flasks are first filled and then the ends successively sealed, one end of each empty flask is first sealed by inserting the tip of such end'in a suitable flame to fuse the glass and form it into a solid or impervious closure ball or globule 5, I

Fig. 4. Fig.2shows one approved way of seallng one end of each of a contlnuous series o the flasks, comprlsing arranging the flasks 1n successive pockets 6 of a continuous conveyor 7, the ends to be sealed beingposltioned 1n line or in a plane, and the conveyor'then moving these ends successively in contact with flame jets 8, by which the glass is melted and the.

ball end 5 is formed. No es ecial precaution, such as cooling by blasts 0 air, is necessary in-this operat1on,s1nce the sealing ball forms itself properly .upon subjection to properly arranged flames in the absence of any liquid in the flask; but Ihave found that it is practicallyv essential for 'rapid and perfect scaling in the operation now described and more especially in the second sealing operation as described later, to provide a very hot and efiic1ent flame; and for thispurpose the flames 8 are produced by the combustion of ordinary illuminating or heating gas combined with oxygen in suitable proportions, the burner and gas supply means being later described in detail.

The flasks, sealed atone end as described,

are then collected and any suitable number of them are placed, as shown in Fi 3, with their unsealed ends downward and immersed in a desired liquid tobe packaged, such as perfumeP,.in a vessel V, which is located in a vacuum jar J having a sealing cover J Air is then exhausted from the vacuum jar, thus causing the exhaustion of air from the flasks, the air thus extracted bubblin from their open ends andup through t e perfume. When the desired degreeof exhaustion has been obtained, air isadmit ted to the jar up to normal atmospheric pressure, and this. pressure is exerted upon the surface of the liquid P, which is forced into the open ends of the flasks, which are thus practlcally perfectl filled with the liquid. Owing to the sma l diameter of the flask bodies, and especially the capillary diameter of the open end, liqu1d does not escape in any reasonable time interval or with any necessary handling of ing burner 11. -By this the flask after filling and until the remaining open end is sealed. I r The filled flasks are collected in suitable quantity and suppliedto the pockets 8 of a i continuous conveyor 9 and the unsealed end portions of the flasks are thus carried 1n contact with a flame 10 issuing from a preheata small amount of the quid is driven out p of the open flask ends inorder to prevent interference by the liquidin such ends. with y the sealin operation. Suitable precaution is now ta ten to prevent overheating or improper heating, which would result in dis-f3 charge of an excessive amount of the liquid:

or interference by such liquid with the ,sealingoperation, such precaution, cons sting principally in cooling the flask ends and other portions by air blasts. Thu5, subse'- quent to the preheating operation an air blast f is directed upon the ends of the flasks from a jet or nozzle, 12. The flask ends are then.

passed in contact with flames 14 which are supplied by asuitable mixture of heating a gen, and the fine or illuminating giis and ox glass ends are t us melte and the second preliminary heating end closure is'produced in theform of an impervious sealing ball or lobule 15, F g. 7

Various portions of the asks are also de sirably cooled during and after sealing; thus an air blast is applied to the" end ort1ons-2 at points adjacent their tapered ormations 4 as at 16, Fig. 6, and also to central portions of-the flasks by blasts indicated at 17, these cooling effects being produced preferably throughout -the travel of the flask ends through the sealing flames'and also through, out a substantial course of travel before and after the sealing operation, thus keepingthe flask as a whole at low temperature and tenth ing to keep the liquid therein retracted and y away from the vicinity of the sealing flame. i; 1 Another coolin blast from a jet or nozzle 18 is also desirab y applied to the sealed ends just after completion of the sealing o h tion. This arrangement or contro cooling effects prevents interference with the a a ration by the liquid con-:

proper sealing o tents of the as and permits the sealing flames 14 to roperly melt the fine end portions 2 and orm the'solid andimpervioua The completed, filled container or package. as shown in F i 7 ispractically complete filled with per ume, only'a minute part of packaged in any and sale. a

matic in'its operation and which is desi to carry out the process as described 0.. ve

second seal or closure 15. l a i 5 automatically and in an efficient, rapid and economical manner.

The machine as shown in Figs. 8 to 11 is arranged on a suitable base 20 which is placed on a table at a convenient height for supervision by an attendant. While the machine is preferably arranged practically as an op erative unit, and is so shown, it consists in a sense of two principal sections or roups, 'thetpart A, Fig. 8, being designed or the first sealing operation, and the part B, for the second sealing operation.

Each principal section of the machine includes a conveyor; thus the part A has the conveyor 7, and the part B, Fig. 10. has the conveyor 9, referred to in the process description. Each of these conveyors desirably consists of two pocketed wheels 21 and specifically these may be gear wheels of proper tooth form or size to provide pockets in which the central portions of the flasks properly fit. The conveyor wheels of section A are secured in spaced relation on a shaft 23 and the wheels of section B are similarly mounted on a shaft 24, these shafts being coaxial and also aligned with a central shaft 25, these shafts all being suitably mounted in bearings at the upper ends of brackets or columns 26, 27, 28, 29, and 31. The central shaft'25 is conveniently driven at suitable speed by an electric motor 32 mounted on the base and connected through worm gearing 33 and a. pinion 34: with a gear 35 on shaft 25. On the ends of shaft are clutch members 36 to co-operate. with movable "clutch members 37 and 38 on the respective shafts 23 and 24. Each of the machine sections is provided with a clutch-shifting lever 39, conveniently located, whereby either or both of the machine sections may be operated or stopped at will.

Each machine section also includes a downwardly inclined feed hopper 40, laterally dimensioned to receive any convenient number of the containers in a position parallel to the shaft axis. A guide or guard in the form of a flexible or resilient strip of sheet metal ll is anchored to the side walls of the feed hopper by a small rod 42 and has an angular entrance formation 43. The guard extends about the conveyor wheels, slightly overlapping the inward ends of the teeth or pockets on each wheel. to a discharge point 44 where the flasks are discharged into a receiving tray or hopper as which preferably slopes downward, rearwardly. The ends of the guide bands are curved outward at their discl' argc ends 46, and these ends are retained in proper position by pins 47 passing through the side walls of the discharge tray. The inward ends of the feed hoppers and discharge trays are cut away or slotted to properly embrace the peripheries of the conveyor wheels, as indicated at 48 and 49.

Each machine section also includes a verti- .CLES- cal guide plate 50 to co-operate with ends of Y the flasks carried by the corresponding conveyor and properly position or direct the flasks in the respective sealing operation. These guide plates are supported at their ends by screw rods 51 passing through arms 53 on certain of the bearing brackets, namely, 27 and 30. The screw rods are positioned for the proper adjustment of the guide plates by nuts 52 revolubly mounted and secured against axial movement in bearings 53 on arms 53.

Each machine section also includes a main burner comprising a hollow burner head 55 provided on its upper, arcuate face with a row of flame apertures or nozzles 56. The burner head is supplied with mixed gases through a hollow stem 57 which is pivotally mounted with suitable packing means 58 in the upper end of a burner body or mixer 59. Aspreviously stated the best available flame for sealing is supplied by a suitable mixture of heating or illuminating gas and oxygen. Each burner therefore has a needle valve 60 controlling the flow of oxygen to a union 61 and another needle valve 62 controlling flow of gas through a pipe 63 to the same union, the latte-r being connected to the lower end of the burner body or mixer 59. Oxygen is supplied to the needle valve 60 through a pipe 64 leading from the usual adjusting or reducing valve 65 of an oxygen flask 66. which is also provided with a pressure gauge 67. The burner head when necessary is providedwith additional air through an opening or pipe 68, and this auxiliary air flow may be induced by the flame draft, or in some cases might be supplied under pressure from an air supply source which provides air for cooling and other purposes as later referred to.

Machine section B for the second sealing operation includes in addition to the stated parts which are included in both sections, the following:

The pre-heating burner 11 referred to in Search near the process description is located for contact with its flame of the flask ends 2 at a conven ient point after the flasks have been picked up by the conveyor wheels. This heating of the flask ends volatilizes and drives out a.

small portion of the liquid. It has been found essential to carefully regulate the flame itself, and also its position in relation to the flask ends as they pass in contact with it. For these purposes, the burner proper is mounted on the upper end of a pipe 70 of flexible or bendable material such, for example, as brass, and in a simple arrangement, the adjustment of the flame position may be made by merely bending the pipe which will remain in'the adjusted position. However, preferably, as shown, more definite' mechanical means is provided for making and maintaining this adjustment, comprising a lever 71 embracing pipe 70 at 72 and pivotally mounted on a bracket 73. In order to obtained universal adjustment of the burner, the lever is preferably slotted as at 74, and a bolt 75 passes through the slot and the bracket so that when the bolt is loosened, the pipe and the burner carried thereby may be adjusted in any direction as indicated by arrows in Fig. 11, and this adjustment may then be maintained by tightening the bolt. Since the degree of heat required for the preheating operation is generally not so great as is required for sealing, it is usually unnecessary to supply the preheating burner with oxygen. I have found that a suitable preheating flame is provided by a proper mixture of ordinary illuminating or heating gas and air. The preheating burner is therefore supplied with gas through a pipe 76 leading from a union 7 7. The needle valve 78 regulates the amount of gas supplied to pipe through a union 79. Air may in some cases be supplied to the burner by induced draft, but preferably it is supplied under pressure from an air tank or accumulator 80 through a pipe 81 under control of a needle valve 82 to the union 79. By adjustment of the needle valve, the proportion of gases may be accurately regulated and the size of the flame may also be accurately adjusted to properly preheat the flask ends and drive out the proper amount of liquid.

The flask ends are desirably cooled adjacent the point of preheating, or specifically,

as shown, ust after preheating, by a jet of air 1 1 issuing from the nozzle 12 previously mentioned in the process description. This nozzle is at the end of a pipe 85 leading from tank 80, and the position of the nozzle and of the zone of application of the cooling blast to the flask tips may be regulated by bending the pipe. The flasks are also desirably cooled throughout a substantial arc of their travel on the conveyor Wheels by jets of air issuing from apertures or nozzles 86 in a curved pipe 87 underlying the flasks and located in the plane of the space between the two conveyor wheels as best shown in Fig. 8. The range or zone of, cooling by these jets may extend, as shown in Fig. 10, from a point ust posterior to the preheating point to a point posterior to the main heating or sealing burner 55. This cooling means provides for cooling the central portions of the flasks and the main body of the liquid content.

It is also desirable to additionally cool the flask ends, and for this purpose an arcuate pipe 88 is arranged practically parallel to the arcuate portion of pipe 87 but outside the left-hand conveyor wheel as shown in Fig. 8. and this pipe has air nozzles 89 for delivering jets of air against end portions of the flasks near their junctures with the central or body portions, throughout a range of travel similar to the range covered by the cooling nozzles 86. The last-named cooling means cools the liquid in the small ends of the flasks close to the portions thereof which are heated and melted by the sealing flames, and together with'the other cooling means practically holds back the liquid contents and prevents escape thereof during sealing, and even more important, prevents interference by the liquid with proper sealing.

Means is also desirably provided for properly controlling the direction of the sealing flames 8, this means being additional to the control of the positions of the flames by adjustment of the burner head. Conveniently, the stated flame control is obtained by an arcuate pipe 90 practically parallel to the pipe portions 87 and 88, but located outside the main burner. Pipe portion 90 has air jets or nozzles 91 directed upwardly. by properly positioning pipe portion 90, by bending or otherwise, the air jets issuing from its nozzles and passing upward adjacent the sealing flames 8, serve to divert such flames somewhat outwardly or to the left as viewed in Fig. 8, or in other words, prevents the flames from tending inwardly too close to the inward ends of the flask tips or adjacent the flask bodies, where such flame contact would tend to heat a larger mass of the liquid content. Additional cooling may also be provided for the formed ball seals 15 just after they leave the sealing flames, by a jet of air issuing from the end of a pipe 92, which may be arranged as abranch of All of the pipes 85, 86, 88 and 90 may be connected by vertical portions to the tank or accumulator 80, which is supplied with air at suitable pressure from any suitable source such as a blower (not shown). Desirably, the air pipe leading from the blower is divided and enters the accumulator at two opposite points 93 and 94, to secure substantial uniformity of pressure of air supplied to all of the pipes leading from the accumulator. The blower or other air pressure device may in some cases be driven by motor 32, but otherwise the blower drive may be independent and the pressure may be maintained sub stantially constant by any known or suitable pressure regulator.

The main burner heads 55 may be pivotally adjusted to regulate the general angle of their row of air nozzles. Thus, as shown for each section of the machine, the main burner head is adjusted to cause the first sealing flame to strike the flask end portion some distance inward from the end thereof, and the other successive flames strike the flask tips at progressively outward points, until finally the formation of the sealing ball is completed by the action of the last flame. The guide plates 50 are also adjusted to properly direct the flasks in their longitudinal directions as they move past the scaling flames, this adjustment or positioning of the flasks depending somewhat upon the adjustment of the respective sealin burner. One suitable relative adjustment 0 the burner and guide plate is shown for each-section of the machine in Fig. 8. i

The needle valves 60 and 62 for each sealing burner are properly regulated-to secure the proper proportions of the gas and oxygen and also the proper size of sealing flames.

For either sealing operation any reasonable number of flasks are placed in the appropriate feed hopper 40, and are taken from the lower end of the'hopper by the conveyor wheels and are properly retained in the pockets by the guide band 41 to the point 0 discharge into the receiving trough 45. The sealing operation performed .in machine section A during the stated movement of the flasks, and the preheating, cooling and sealing operations performed in machine section B, are sufliciently understood from preceding description of the process and machine.

I claim:

1. A sealing mechanism for purposes described, comprising a continuous conveyor having spaced pockets adapted to receive containers of the characters described, means for maintaining a series of sealing flame jets in the path of movement of the exposed container ends whereby to produce sealing formations thereon, and means for cooling portions of the containers adjacent the zone of heating.

2. A sealing mechanism for purposes described, comprising a continuous conveyor having spaced pockets adapted to receive containers of the character described, a sealin burner adjacent the path of movement of the exposed container ends, means for supplying a mixture of gases to the burner, a burner providing a preheating flame anterior to said sealing burner, and means for cooling portions of the container ends adjacent the zone of preheating.

3. A sealing mechanism for purposes described, comprising a continuous conveyor having spaced pockets adapted to receive containers of the character described,'a sealing burner adjacent the path of movement of the exposed container ends, means for supplying a mixture of gases to the burner, a; burner providing a preheating flame anterior to said sealing burner, and means for cooling portions of the containers adjacent the zone of preheating and substantially throughout the zone of'contact with the sealing flames.

H A sealing mechanism for purposes described comprising a continuous conveyor having spaced pockets adapted to receive containers of the character described, said conveyor circulating in a substantially vertical pla'ne,,a feed hopper adapted to receive and position a plurahty of containers and supply them to the successive conveyor pockets, re-

ceiving meansinto which the containers are disch. :ged from the conveyor, a sealingburner adjacent one side of the conveyor providing sealing flame through which similar-exposed ends of the successive containers pass, whereby impervious sealing balls are formed upon said ends, a preheating burner adjacent the conveyor and anterior to the sealing burner for driving out a small part of liquid in the containers previous to the sealing operation and means for cooling the containers adjacent the locations of preheating and scaling.

5. A sealing mechanisnrfor purposes described comprising a continuous conveyor having spaced pockets adapted to receive containers of the character described, said conveyor circulating in a substantially vertical plane, a feed hopper adapted to receive and position a plurality of containers and supply them to the successive conveyor pockets, receiving means into which the containers are discharged from the conveyor, a sealing burner adjacent one side of the conveyor providing sealing flame through which similar exposed ends of the successive containers pass, whereby impervious sealing balls are formed upon said ends, and means for cooling portions'of the containers adjacent the zone of heating.

6. A sealing mechanism'for purposes described comprising a continuous conveyor having spaced pockets adapted to receive containers. of the character described, said con- I g them to the successive conveyor pockets, re-' cciving means into which the containers are discharged from the conveyor, a sealing 4 burner adjacent one side of the conveyor providing sealing flamethrough which similar exposed ends of the successive 'contalners pass, whereby impervious sealing balls are formed upon said ends, and a preheating burner adjacent the conveyor and anterior to the sealing burner for driving out a small part of liquid in'the containers previous to the sealing operation. and means for applying a flow of cooling air to portions of the containers adjacent the zone of preheating.

7. A sealing mechanism for purposes described comprising a continuous conveyor having spaced pockets adapted to receive containers of the character described, said conveyor circulating in a substantially vertical plane, a feed hopper adapted to receive and position a plurality of containers and supply them to the successive conveyor pockets, receiving means into which the containers are discharged from the conveyor, a sealing burner adjacent one side of the conveyor providing sealing flame through which similar exposed ends of the successive containers pass, whereby impervious sealing balls are formed upon said ends, and means for supplyingaa flow of cooling air in contact with portions of the containers throughout a large part of the zone of travel between thefeedhopper and the receiving means.

8. A sealing mechanism for purposes described comprising; a continuous conveyor having spaced pockets adapted to receive containers of the character described, said .conveyor circulating in a substantially vertical plane,a feed hopper adapted to receive and position a plurality of containers and sup-' ply them to the successive conveyor pockets,

receiving means into which the containers .having spaced pockets adapted to receive similar expose 36 containers of the character described, said conveyor circulating in a substantially ver' ticalplane, a feed hop r adapted to receive and osition a plurality of containers and sup y them to the successive conveyor poc ets, receiving means into which the containers are discharged from the conveyor, a sealing burner adjacent one side of the conveyor providing sealing flame through which ends of the successive containers pass, whereby impervious sealing balls areformed upon said ends, a guide plate arranged for contact with ends of the successive containers opposite the ends. to besealed, for directing the containers in relation to the heating flame, the guide being diagonally arranged to progressively advance the containers endwise.

10. A'se aling mechanism for purposes described, com using a continuous: conveyor having space pockets adapted to receive con-v tainersof the character described, said conveyor circulating in a substantially vertical plane, a feed ho per adapted to receive and position a plura ity' of containers and sup ply them to the successive conveyor poc ets, receiv ng means into which the containers are discharged from the conveyor, a seal- V ing burner ad'acent one side of the conveyor roviding seali ar exposed endsof thesuceessi've contamng flame through which simi- 'ers pass, whereby impervious sealing balls are formed upon said ends, a preheating burner adjacent the conve or and anterior to the sealing burner for of liquid in the containers previous to the sealing operation, and means for adjustably positioning the preheating burner.

11. A sealing mechanism .forvpurposes described, comprisin spaced co: veyor wheels simultaneously driven and provided with end portions of the successive containers to 1 iving out a small part burner adjacent the pathof movement spaced and aligned pockets to receive portions of containers of the character scribed with reduced end portions of the cessive conveyors projecting beyond the v tical face of one o the conveyor wheels, I! j a sealing burner positioned at the stated of the conveyorwheel and provided with y y ertures for maintaining a'series of diago 1% arranged sealing flames in contact wf j t e passing container ends. a M 12. A sealing mechanism for purposesdc scribed, comprising spaced conveyor wheels simultaneously driven and provided with j t spaced and aligned pockets to receive body" portions of containers of the character de scribed with reduced end portions of the successive conveyors rojectmg' beyond the varticalface of one o the conveyor wheels, and a sealing burner positioned at the stated rm of the conveyor wheel and providedwith ap v erturesfor maintainin a series ofsealingj fiamesin contact with t e passing container ends, and a cooling pipe located between the conveyor wheels an inward ,of-vthe poclmta and provided with a series; of apertures. for a plying air jets to the central portions of t e passing containers. V a P 13. A sealing mechanism for purposesydew scribed, comprising two sealing sections 5 including a contmuous conveyor spaced. pockets to receive containers oftlm ,c aracter described, a drive shaft for conveyor, a containerifeed hopper and means, for receiving containers from the c'onvejmr, and a sealing burner adjacent the conveyor for maintaining flame in contact with on posed end portions of the successive tainers to form impervious sealing balls M t on, driving means operatively mtermedtlto said main sections ofthe mechanism and means for selectively connecting the respac tive conveyors to thedrivin means. it a a p 14. A sealing mechanism or purposes scribed, comprls' two sealing sections v including a continuous conveyor having; u j s aced pockets to receive containers at the character described, a drive shaft forth: conveyor, a container feed hopper, meanlflm' 1 receiving containers from the conveyor, mi a sealing burner adjacent the conveyor m maintaining flame in contact with form impervious sealing balls thereon, a a drive shaft operatively intermediate shafts of the respective conveyors, and clutch means for selectively connecting the tive conveyor shafts to the driveshaft f it It: sealing mechanism for scri com a continuous conveyanhavingspace pock tsada tedtereceiveenu tainers of the character ascribed, a

. (1 container ends, a burner providili j a preheating flame anterior to 881d burner, for

I the container ends adjacent the zone of heating.

'16. sealing mechanism for purposes described, comprising a continuous conveyor having spaced pockets adapted to receivecontainers of the character described, a seal ing burner adjacent the path of movement of the exposed container ends, a burner providing a preheating flame anterior to said sealing burner, and means for cooling portions of the containers adjacent the'zoneof preheating and substantially throughout the zone of contact with'the sealing flames.

In testimony whereof I have si ed this specification this 30th day of Decem er, 1927.

EDWARD E. HENDERSON.

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