US1734764A - Internal-combustion engine - Google Patents

Description

Nov. 5, 1929. E. P. DuMANols INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE oi'iginal Filed June 1926 BY & W

AT TORN EYJ Patented Nov. 5, 1929 7 UNITED STATE EMILE PAUL DUMANOIS, OF BOULOGNE-SUR-SEINE, FRANCE, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO MAXMOOR CORPORATION, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION or DELAWARE ETERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE Original application filed. June. 3, 1926, Serial No. 113,392, and in France May 17, 1926. Divided and this application filed'J'uly 2, 1928. Serial No. 289,849.

This application is a division of application Serial No. 113,392, filed by me J une 3, 1926.

It is well known that the volumetric compression in internal combustion engines is limited by the so-called detonation, which is caused by an actual explosive Wave.

However, in order to provide for a high compression of the fuel mixture affording great advantages from an economical standpoint, substances commonly termed antidotonating substances have been employed, acting by their chemical properties and serving to delay the formation of the explosive Wave. But in view of the fact that this wave is of both a physical and a chemical nature, I have cross-section of the conduit, the detonation being replaced by a regular combustion after a. certain time, this may be followed anew by an explosive wave, if the section of the conduit remains constant or decreases.

It is further observed that, under similar conditions, an increase of the surface of the combustion chamber will produce a greater cooling of the gas, whereby the limit of compression at which the detonation takes place, as well as the limit of self-ignition by compression, will be set back.

With the above observations as a basis, I have been enabled to provide a combustion chamber by which the desired object is attained.

For this purpose, the cross-section of the,

combustion chamber increases in the direction of propagation of the inflammation, and

the increase in the section may be continuous or intermittent; the surface of the walls is relatively large, so as to obviate the explosive wave which tends to be produced, or to stop the propagation of such waves.

' tion.

The appended drawing shows by way of example, various embodiments of the inven- Figs. 1, 2 and 3 are respectively sections on the lines 11 of Fig. 2, and 2-2 of Fig. 3, and a front View of one embodiment, the-piston being shown at the upper deadv centre; and Fig. 4 is a front View of a modification.

As shown at Figs. 1 to 4, the ignitor is disposed at 1 in the cylinder 2, and, at its upper end, the piston 3 is formed with a head or projecting part 4, whose upper face comes near the cylinder head when the piston is at the upper dead centre, as shown in the drawing. The head 4 is cut out to form a cylindrical recess 6 coextensive with the length of the head 4, and extending in the direction of propagation of the inflammation. In the plane BB, the offsets 7 cause an abrupt enlargement of the combustion chamber, both by the increase of. cross-section or width of the cylindrical recess 6 and by the lowering of the level of the upper face of the head 4, which proceeds from the part 5 to the part 8. Like variations in the section of the cylindrical recess and'in the lowering of the level of the upper face of the head 4 takes place in the planes (f-C, DD, E-E, by the formation of transverse ofisets 9, 10, 11 and vertical offsets 12,13,14.

The operation .is as follows:

Assuming that the piston is still raising, thus reducing the volume, and facilitating the production of an explosive wave, the inflammation beginning at 1 attains a point near the abruptly enlarged section BB, causing an expansion by which the velocity of the inflammation is retarded and the formation of an explosive wave is prevented. The same is true when the inflammation reaches the section C-C, then the section DD, and finally the section EE.

From the foregoing it will be seen that the difl'erentoflsets formed in the piston, starting from the point of ignition will produce. as the inflammation attains therespective ofi' sets, suitable expansions which will prevent the propagation of the explosive wave.

The above constructional details are given solely by way of example. I may obtain the same effect, in other cases, by a construction in which the offsets at the top of the piston are eliminated or exist only upon a certain part of the head and on either side of the plane of symmetry, or in which the lower In the foregoing and also in the following explanations, I employ for the-sake of clearness, the term cylindrical to designate the outline of the successive recesses, but it should be noted that the invention is not restricted to cylindrical surfaces in the geometrical sense of the word, but relates to surfaces of a substantially cylindrical shape, or even to conical, spherical or like surfaces, provided that the cross-sections are progressively larger in the direction of propagation of the inflammation.

Moreover, the term ofl'set relates to regions of abrupt augmentation of the crosssection, but the walls may be either plane or curved, and suitably inclined and connected together.

The number of offsets may be increased at will, either upon the whole or upon a part of the piston surface, in the direction of propagation of the flame, the whole or a part of the ofl'sets being thus replaced by a continuous surface such that the cross-section is pro gressively larger.

In case the valves are laterally disposed or with engines with sleeve valves or engines of thetwo-stroke type, the ofl'sets or the surfaces connecting two successive sections of increasing cross-section may be provided solely upon the piston (as in the preceding case) or solely upon the end of the cylinder, or both upon the end of the cylinder and the end of the piston.

In the preceding construct ons, the ignitor is situated upon the side wall of the cylinder. Arrangements based upon the same principle .may be provided in case the ignition device is mounted on the cylinder head, for instance at the centre thereof.

When the engine comprises several ignitors, the increase in. the sections will take place (as above indicated) in the direction of pro agation of the flame, starting from the di erent ignition points.

In the various embodiments hereinbefore described, I further obtain a material increase of the surface of the chamber in contact with the fuel mixture relatively to the constructions in current use, and hence an increased cooling of the gas, by which the risk of deto nations and self-ignition by compression will be diminished.

I claim: 1. An internal combustion engine comprising opposing portions forming a combustion ignition means.

chamber therebetween increasing in crosssection in a certain direction; certain of said portions having a channel centrally thereof extending in the same direction, and facing the other of said portions, and ignition means disposed in said combustion chamber adjacent to the more constricted portion thereof.

2. An internal combustion engine comprising opposing portions forming a combustionchambertherebetween increasing in cross s'ection from the ignition pointvin the direction of propagation of the inflammation; certain of said portions having a channel centrally thereof increasing in width from said ignition point in the direction of propagation of the inflammation.

3. An internal combustion engine comprising opposing portions forminga combustion chamber-therebetween; certain of said portions having a stepformation increasing in a certain direction in distance from the other of said portions, and having a channel centrally thereof extending in the same direction and facing said other portion.

4;. An internal combustion engine comprising opposing portions forming a combustion chamber therebetween; certain of said portions having a step formation increasing in a certain direction in distance from the other of said portions, and having a channel cen trally thereof extending in the same direction, and facing said other portion, and ignition means disposed in said combustion chamcombustion'chamber; certain of said portions having a step formation increasing in dis- 05 tance from the other of said portions from the ignition point in the direction of propagation of the inflammation; and said ste formation having a channel centrally thereo increasin in width in the same direction. I

6. An internal combustion engine comprising opposing portions forming a combustion chamber therebetween, ignition means in said combustion chamber;-certain of said portions having steps increasin in distance from the other of said portions rom the ignition point in the direction of propagation of the inflam i mation, and each step having horizontal lateral' portions and concave recessed portions intermediate the same; said recessed portions increasing in width in the direction'of propagation of the inflammation; and the" riser portions of said steps facing towards the part of said combustion chamber remote from said 125 7. An internal combustion engine comprising opposing portions forming a combustion chamber therebetween; certain of said portions including a part of step formation fac- 130 ing the other of said portions, and having a recess intermediate of the same.

8. An internal combustion engine comprising opposing portions forming a combustion chamber therebetween; certain ofsaid portions including parts of step formation facing the other of said portions, and having a flaring recess intermediate of the same.

9. An internal combustion engine comprising opposing portions forming a combustion chamber therebetween; certain of said portions including parts of step formation facing the other of said portions, and having a recess intermediate of the same increasing in width towards one end thereof, and ignition means disposed adjacent to the more constricted portion of said recess.

10. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder having a combustion cham her at the end thereof, means for supplying a fuel charge thereto, and a plurality of terraced portions disposed within the space between the piston portion and the wall portion of the combustion chamber opposite thereto, and projecting from one of said portions towards the other thereof; said terraced portions being spaced to provide a passage therebetween.

11. An internal combustion engine comprising opposing portions forming a combustion chamber therebetween; certain of said portions including a part of step formation extending towards the other of said portions and having an intermediate recess therein; said recessed part forming a combustion chamber portion increasing in cross-section in one direction, and ignition means disposed in said combustion chamber portion adjacent to the more constricted end thereof.

12. An internal combustion engine comprising opposing portions forming a combustion chamber therebetween; certain of said portions including a part of step formation extending, towards the other of said portions and having an intermediate recess therein of gradually increasing cross-section; said recessed part forming a combustion chamber portion increasing in cross-section in one direction, and ignition means disposed in said combustion chamber portion adjacent-to the more constricted end thereof.

13. Aninternal combustion engine comprising a cylinder, a piston therein, ignition means disposed laterally thereof, and projections on said piston decreasing in height from the ignition point in the direction of propaga tion of the inflammation; said projections being provided with recesses increasing in width in'the same direction, whereby to provide a combustion chamber increasing in cross-section in the direction of the propagation of the inflammation. Y

14. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder, a iston therein, ignition means disposed latera 1y thereof, and projections on said piston decreasing in height, from the ignition point in the direction of propagation of the inflammation, and provided with recesses having an outline consisting of successive offsets.

15. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder, a piston therein, ignition means disposed laterally thereof, and projections on said piston decreasing in height from the ignition point in the direction of propagation ofthe inflammation, and provided with recesses having an outline consisting of successive lateral offsets.

16. An internal COl'IlbllStlOa engine comprising a cylinder, a piston therein, ignition means associated therewith, and a portion of step formation on said piston having a recess intermediate of. thesame.

17 An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder, a piston therein, ignition means associated therewith, and portions of step formation on said piston having a channel intermediate of the same varying in crosssection towards the end thereof.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name hereto.

DUMANOIS, EMILE PAUL.

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