US1717553A - Manufacture of soap - Google Patents

Description

252. COMPOSITIONS,

Patented June 18, 1929.

UNITED STATES ERNST FLAMMER AND CHRISTIAN KELBER, 0F BEILBEONN, GERMANY MANUFACTURE OF SOAP.

No Drawing. Original application filed November 16, 1925, Serial No. 69,488. Divided and this application filed August 18, 1926. Serial No. 129,656.

This application is a division of application No. 69,488, filed November 16, 1925.

The well-known soap powders comprising compounds containing active oxygen, more particularly containing alkaline per-salts, are made by mixing dry finely powdered soap and alkaline per-salts in the form of powder with or without addition of other dry washing agents in powder form.

These soap powders made of dried soap and per-salts become readily dissociated, as the size of the granules as well as the specific weight of the constituents are different. Moreover the soap in powder-form dissolves quicker than the per-salt when they are employed and there is thus the danger that the less soluble per-salts of greater specific weight settle upon the articles being washed and, forming a concentrated solution, cause a strong local action and thus a damage to the materials.

According to the present process, however, water containing soap is used for the manufacture of soap flakes or soap bands containing alkaline per-salts. The soap with a relatively low water content, for instance from 8 to 1l% water, are exceedingly brittle when used alone. It appeared to us that it would not be possible to form the soap into thin flakes or the like when adding alkaline persalts to the soap.

The form of thin flakes or the like is of particular advantage, as it ensures a uniform solution of the soap and of the alkaline persalts contained therein. In this form it is not possible for perborate granules liberated from the soap envelope to produce a strongly concentrated local bleaching solution which would cause holes to be formed in the articles being washed.

According to the present process soap having a small water content, say from 8 to 14% water, is intimately mixed with compounds in powder form, containing active oxygen, particularly alkaline per-salts, the mixture is then rolled out thin in rolling machines and cut up in a cutting machine into small pieces in flake form. The essential feature of the present process consists in mixing soap having a small water content and alkaline persa ts, and bringing these mixtures into a form which with certainty prevents the constituents becoming dissociated, which would cause damage to the articles being washed, and ensures an exceedingly ready solubility.

The manufacture of flakes or hands of soap mixed with salts particularly alkaline persalts has certain special advantages, if these flakes or bands are made translucent, as is the case according to various modifications of the present invention. Hitherto it has not been possible to make either non-translucent or translucent bands from such a mixture. The applicants have discovered, that translucent flakes or bands may be made, if the fatty acids required for the manufacture of the soaps contain a fairly large percentage of acids of the formula C H O and C H ..O IVith such an amif acids a uni orm band is formed on the rolls, from which readily soluble, translucent flakes or bands may be produced. Less saturated acids, for instance those of the formula C H O are not suitable for use as addi- Homes soaps, when per-salts, there is aldanger of the formation of organic peroxic es.

The products obtained with the admixture of the said acids are translucent and elastic and dissolve uniformly and readily. In this way soaps containing considerable quantities of salts or mixtures of salts with a suitable quantity may be made in the form of thin translucent, elastic flakes.

The invention is carried out for instance in the following manner:

1. A soap is made, the fatty acid mixture of which contains lauric and myristic agid along with 35% ricinol eic ac id. Thesoap thus produced is tIriddj inixed with 20% sodium perborz tp and rolled in the rolling macliinT' Trarislucent flakes are obtained, which are readily soluble, even in cold water.

2. A soap is made, the fatty acid mixture of which contains lauric, myristic and )almitig acid together with 50% erucic acid: t is soap is dried and mixed with 15% sodium perborate. After rolling in the rolling machine translucent, readily soluble flakes are obtained.

In place of the one definite salt mixtures of salts particularly alkaline per-salts may of course be used. The selection of the acid to be added (for instance ricinoleigacid or crugipl depends on the kind and quantity of the combined salts particularly alkaline persalts or mixtures of salts, particularly alkaline per-salts.

Another modification in the manufacture of translucent flakes or hands from a mix- Examine 252.,COMPOSIT1ONS.

Patented May 20, 1930 UNITEDSTATES PATENT OFFICE V Crass Examiner GUSTAV BLUE, OF WEISSENSTEIN-ON-THE-DBAU, AUSTRIA, ASSIGNOB '10 CHEKISCHE FABRIK WEISSI IN STEIN G. I. B. 3., OF CABINTHIA, AUSTRIA P STABILIZED PEBOXIDE SOLUTION Io Drawing. Application filed October 12, 1927, Serial Io.-225,884, and in Austria September 10, 1926.

This invention relates to the preservation and use of peroxide solutions. It has for its object the preparation of peroxide solutions which are stabilized against decomposit on during transportation and storage and which at the same time contain agents WhlCh w1ll activate the action of the peroxide during use.

Peroxide solutions have been stabilized prior to use by the addition of various organic materials such as alcohol, urea, barbituric acid, acetanilid, aceto-p-phenetidid, and the like. Furthermore various inorganic materials have been added to bleach baths,

for example, which tend to conserve the.

oxygen and activate or catalyze the peroxide action; the oxygen loss from the baths, however, has remained high. In these practices, only the stabilization alone of solutions during transportation etc. has been effected by the additions at the time of manufacture while the second activatin action is secured by additions to the bleach %ath, and the like.

I have found that for use in bleaching peroxide solutions may be stabilized by an of the above substances, but that the stab' izer causes a lowering of the bleachin power. On the other hand, I have found t at activated peroxide bleach baths often produce good bleaching efiects but that the consumption of active oxygen is high. 4

I have now discovered that peroxide solutions, specifically hydrogen peroxide solutions, can be prepared which are not only stabilized against decomposition during shipment, storage, and dilution recedent to use, but the bleaching action is a activated during use so that the loss of unused 0 en 1s low. This I accomplish by the addition to the peroxide solution, at the time of manufacture, of one or more of each of a stabilizmg and activating substance. I have found during the use of such solutions as for example in bleaching, that the stabilizing and oxygen activating substances act reciprocally on each other to assist in their respective specific actions.

I have found that hydrogen peroxide solutions containing a plurality of such materials,

i. e., one or more of each of a stabilizer and an activator are especially valuable. Hydrogen peroxide so utions containing such combinations of reciprocally acting compounds sufl'er ractically no decomposition, or loss of unused active oxygen from the action of the solid materials which are often permanently bound to the fibers of material to be bleached, and which ordinarily would produce a decided loss by catalytic action. Finally, I have found, that these peroxide solutions have the same chemical action in bleaching as ordinary solutions of peroxide alone; cause ve little lossof active oxygen from the actual. leaching process; are stable to shipment and storage in warm climates; do not injure materials to be bleached; may be diluted for use without loss of active oxy-' gen; eliminate the necessity for special additions at the time of paring a bleaching bath; give better bleac in peroxide consumption; and ma be used while containing the same additions in the same proportions for every type of bleachmg.

The results mentioned above may be ob:- tained to an extraordinary degree by the simultaneous addition to peroxide solutions of a combination such as sodium pyrophosph'ate, sodium silicate, and sodium chloride, or of various combinations of sodium pyrophosphate, sodium chloride, chlorinated hydrocarbons, colloidal materials, Turkey red oil, water lass, etc However, I wish it express ly. un erstood that the present invention is not to be limited to these specific additions nor to the examples given below. On the other hand, any combination of stabilizers and activators for peroxide solutions resulta ing in a mutual action which increases thepower of each during the reaction of the peroxide with other substances, and which produces a stabilizing action on the solution when not in use, should be considered as be.- longing to the present invention.

The following are given as examples:

Ezanwle J g results with less