US1772924A - Shingle - Google Patents

Description

Aug E2, E930l 1. H. WELLER SHINGLE Filed Sept. 50, 1924 1N VEN TOR MAH. WMZ/@F7 WITNESSES.-

Eatented ug. 12, l1930 ITEDA SATES4 PATENT OFFICE JOHN HENRY WELLER, OF FERTH AMBOY, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO THE BARBER AS- PHALT COMPANY, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, A CORPORATION OF WEST VIRGINIA SHINGLE Application filed September 30, 1924. Serial No. 740,689.

This invention relates'to shingles and it -is more particularly concerned with improvements in that type-commonly denominated flexible-fabricated from a suitable material impregnated with preservatory solution im pervious to moisture and. coated on one or both faces with niineralized surfacing.

Shingles of the foregoing typified character are very difficult to apply with regularity and precision, especially by inexperienced labor, unless the roof or other surface to which they are to be attached is previously marked with proper guide lines. Even when so marked it is common knowledge that very few work nien avail themselves of such guide lines, consequently `much time and unnecessary expense is wasted, while the finished appearance is frequently inelegant and unsatisfactory.

An object of this invention is to overcome the above stated disadvantages in a simple and effective manner by configuring the individual shingles or shingle lengths so that the upper portion thereof serves-or f unctions-as aguiding means for consecutively laid units and succeeding v-rows thereof,

whereby regularity in lining of the finished panying drawings, constituting 'a part of this specification, and in which like indicesare employed to designate the same or cor.- responding parts in all the views.

Fig. I is a face view of'a fragmentary portion of a roof or other surface-having shingles in accordance with this invention applied thereto.

Fig. II is a sectional end view looking toward the left-hand of the preceding ligure.

Fig. III is a plan view of an individual shingle scored at its tip for retioversion, as Well as illustrating the manner in which said shingle is cut from strip material without waste. i

Fig. IV is asimilar view of a slightly modified form ofthe invention devised to ensure adhesion between successively laid rows thereof; and,

Figs. V and VI are plan views indicative of the economical saving effected when cutting shingles in accordance with'the present improvements from standard widths of sheet material Generally considered, and before proceeding with a detailed description of the drawings, iny improved shingles or shingle strips are manufactured from sheet felt impregnated with asphaltuin and surfaced on one or both faces with crushed slate or other desired mineral substance, in accordance with well known methods prevailing in the art. Material of the typified nature is usually made in standard widths and, in order to emphasize the economical character of this invention, let it be assumed-by way of an initial example-that the shingles 7, shown in Figs. I-III, are severed from a continuous sheet by means of a rotary drum cutter according to known practice.

Now it will be observed that each in# dividual shingle 7 is of a configuration aording a rectangular upper portionS bounded by the top edge 9 and parallel side edges 10, 10.

The lower portion 11 of each shingle 7 is of y angular contour and point-down'pattern; or, more specifically, said lower portion 1l comprises divergent edges 12, 12 directed preferably-though not essentially-at right angles to each other while aording a tip 13 conveniently creased at 14 for retroversion, and for a purpose later on more particularly referred to. At this juncture let it be assumed that the shingles 7 are severed from a twentytwo and five-eighths inch wide sheet with the linear dimension of the top edge 9, nineteen and three-quarter inches, and the medial dimension-indicated by the dot-and-dash line a in Fig. III-sixteen and one-quarter inches, which gives the side edges 10, i() a six andthree-eighth inch dimension. Shingles 7 cut in accordance with the dimensions and outline above set forth will result in the divergent edges 12, lZbei-ng each fourteen inches long; or, in other words. if shingles 7 are cut from a twenty-two and five-eighth inch continuous sheet I produce what may be termed one-ply fourteen-inch shingles with literally no wastage of material whatsoever, save the initial and terminal angular scraps; as will bereadily appreciated on an examination of the dotted lines b about Fig. III.

Figs. V and VI illustrate, substantially to scale, forms of my invention cut from thirtyseven inch and twenty-five inch (or fifty inch) continuous sheet material respectively, and in view of their close similitude-except in relative dimensions-the reference numerals applied thereto correspond with those employed in the preceding description; while further detailed explanation is deemed unnecessary, save to state that said specific types respectively furnish single and double ply twelve inch shingles. l

.In making shingles 7 of proper size to afford a complete two-ply covering the most desirable'results will be attained by omitting the mineralized surfacing from the upper part l5 of the rectangular portion 8, as shown in Figs. IV and VI. Omitting the mineralized surfacing in this manner tends to cause the shingles 7, when laid, to adhere together more completely than would be the case if the entire top surface Werecolmpletely covered. It will of course be readily understood that the continuous sheet material from which the just described type of shingles are cut will be manufactured with the running edges free of mineral surfacing, or with parallel paths not coated with such surfacing.

Fig. VI illustrates, substantially to scale, a two-ply type of shingle 7 in accordance with this invention, the same being cut from thirtyone andseven-eighths wide material; whereas the form shown by- Fig. III is severed from either twenty-two and five-eighths inch-or forty-five and one-quarter inch-wide' sheet material. Both of the types just referred to ae known in the trade as fourteen inch shines. i

Either type of shingle hereinbefore described is so simple that further detailed explanation is deemed unnecessary beyond stating that shingles 7 so configured will be readily applied to the guide lines 16 on a roof or other surface 17-due to the rectangular upper formation S-and attached with nails '(not shown.) in the' conventional manner.`

Similarly the key wires 18 will be inserted in the well known manner, while the tips 13 are y creased-along a line 14C parallel with the fiber formation of the felt material which tends to reduce cracking along sald crease or bend.

Obviously I may cut lengths of the material` to include a multiplicity of the shingles patterned along the lines described as will be readily -apparentlto those acquaintedwith the ticularly directed to its utilitarian and economical character, whereby a roof or other surface may be completely covered with a one-hundred per cent two-ply thickness of shingle material thereby affording a durable and effective weather protection. 'Furthermore it will be apparent that pro rata, While shingles embodying this invention utilize somewhat more material per square laid` such increase is negligible, when contracted with the economy effected in cutting, as well as the saving in time and labor involved during laying. Again it will be readily appreciated that by laying my improved shingles as a twoply facing for a roof or other structure, rain, sleet, snow and the like cannot drive inwardly between the respective units and successive rows thereby causing leaks; while surfaces covered bythe novel configured shingles illustrated will be accurately lined and give durable service.

Although I have shown and specifically detailed certain essentials of shape as pre-requisites in carrying my invention into effect, it will be understood I am not necessarily limited to the precise patterns illustrated, as various minor changes and modifications may be made, within the scope of the subjoined claims, without departing from the spirit of my invention or sacrificing any of its advantages.

Having thus described my invention, I claim 1. A surface covering composed of individual mineral-surfaced flexible shingles adapted to be laid inrstaggered relation; each said shingle having a rectangular upper portion whichx-when butted-form a continuous material thickness along each row, said rectangular upper portions being in part devoid of mineral surfacing se that the successively laid rows of shingles can rmly adhere into a substantially integral mass, and 'each said shingle having a right-angledpoint-down end with the tip retroverted to seat wholly co-planar betweenthe merging edges of an underlying pair of abutting shingles.

2. In a surface covering, a first row of shingles, each of which consists of a lower portion and an upper portion, the upper portion having parallel side edges contacting substantially throughout their extent with the side edges of the upper portions of adjacent Shingles, the adjacent side edges of the lower portions of adjacent shingles being shaped to form pockets, and a second row of similar shingles overlapping the first row, the shingles of said second row being provided With tabs at their lower edges, said tabs being turned under the shingles of the second row and lying within the said pockets in the plane of the shingles of the rst row.

3. In a surface covering, a first row of shingles, each of which consists of a lower portion and an upper portion, the upper portion having parallel side edges contacting substantially throughout their extentwith the side edges of the upper portions of adjacent shingles, the adjacent side edges of the lower portions of adjacent shingles being shaped to form pockets, a second row of gles overlapping the first row, the shingles of said second row being provided with tabs at their lower edges, said tabs being turned lunder the shingles of the secondrow and lying of an underlying pair of abutting shingles..

. 5. A surface covering composed of individual flexible shingles adapted to be laid in staggered relation, each of said shingles having a rectangular upper portion which when the shingles are abutted will form a continuous material thickness along each row and each of said shingles having an angular pointdown end with thel tip retroverted to seat wholly coplanar betweenthe merging edges of an underlying pair of abutting shingles, said shingles being of dimensions to afford a surface covering of at least two-ply thickness throughout.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto signed my name at Maurer, New Jersey, this 18th day of September, 1924.

JOHN HENRY WELLER.

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