US1693054A - Hydrocarbon burner - Google Patents

Description

Patented Nov. 27, i928.

UNITED STATES PATENT- oEFIcE.

-mznnociiiiison BURNER.

Application inea 'october 30,'1926. serial No 145,335.

luy-invention relates to certain new an.d

useful improvements in hydro-carbon burners, or oil burning devices, one that is delsigned and adapted to be placed in the fire l pot of a stove or furnace, its simple construction permits of any and all parts being accessible for any purpose whatsoever.

My invention consists in certain novel features of construct-ion and arrangement of l parts that permits of the same being operated manually or may be operated automatically, the same requiring no more attention than to see that the proper amount of fuel be kept on hand for consumption.

My invention comprises a vaporizing type of oil burner, means for supplying air under pressure having a continually burning oil pilot which maintains the vaporizing plate sufficiently hot` to start immediately the oil as it comes from the main source and drips upon' the vaporizing plate and becomesvapor then bursts into a flame. The air circulation throughout the burner is so arranged and proportioned that a perfect combustion of the hydrocarbon is assured.

former as a pilot with a natural draft, and a.v

high flame as a power burner supplying the proper proportion of air for a definite amount of oil regardless of the draft conditions.

Another object of the invention is to proportion the air distribution as to insure a complete combustion. The air being forced by a blower always insures of a uniform draft, and the various leads of the air through thenumerous passages as shown by arrows in Figs. 2, 3 and 4 gives not only the proper amount of air from the blower tot-lie urners but causes a turbulent motion to the particles which assists materially the -combustion.

A still further object of my invention is to providean oil vaporizer in such a way as' to control the upper limits of temperature of the vaporizing cap so as to prevent any possibility of carbon forming in the oil supplyl pipe, or in the vapoizing cap, while a still further object of my invention is to pronovel details of construction that will add materially to the utility of the furnace housing my device, while the arrangement,l as

illustrated, permits of it being used iii any kind of a stove, furnace or heater'. These and other objects and features of the invention will be hereinafter described and pointed out, particularly in the appended claims.

My invention, as at present preferred, will he more understood by reference to the drawing which illustrates merely an example of means for putting my invention into practice, and wherein Fig. 1 is a view on a small scale ofthe general arrangement and location of my device as 1t appears in a furnace, with the air-supply pipe, and other pipes in position for their respective purposes; I

Fig. 2 is. an enlarged sectional view of the burner, showin@ more clearly its relation to the furnace an its arrangement therein;

Fig. 3 is a detail similar in some respects to F ig. 2, but taken 90 degrees around so as to clearly show the lower` air ducts;

Fig. 4 is a detached detail of the 4burner and/its associated parts;

Fig. 5 -is a plan view taken on lines 6 6 Fig. 2. y

Referring to the several iguires of the drawing, similar reference characters indicate like parts throughout the several figures. The furnace comprising its usual elements, namely the enclosure provided with a grate, lire box and other parts are all 'of the usual land common construction and need not be explained in detail here.

Suitably placed in the center of the grate 7 in the-lire boxof the heater, I prefer to place my base 8, it being preferable to remove some of the grate bars from immediately beneath my device, as shown. When said base 8 has been placed in position it is preferably tov seal the space between the said base plate and the inner walls of the fire box so as to prevent any air passing from below the grate other than through either of the respective passages provided for the purposef "lhe base plate 8 is provided -with main air passages 9 and 10 nearv its outer periphery (see Fig. 5), while between such passages or openings and the outer edge is a reservoir llll 11; its purpose and object will be explained further-on. The base plate has a central hollow pedestal 12 extending upwardly therefrom (see Fig. 4), to the upper part of which is applied an extension 13 that is provided with a top flat distributini plate 14, having a shoulder 15 and a depending lip 16, while just below are openings 17. To 'the top of the extension is placed the cap 18 which has preferably a small chamber 19, into which the oil is fed, said chamber being formed by reason of the recess in t-he under side ofthe cap and the fiat distributing plate 14. The cap 18 is supported by three or more legs or lugs 20 which holds the same at such a height as to have a series of contracted openings' 42 to allow only enough oil to seep out between the edges of the cap and the top edges of the distributing plate 14 where it drips from the lip 16, when the oil is cool or when 4the oil has been turned for heating purposes. Of course, it is understood when the distributing plate 14 and the.cap 18 have become preheated, the oil will immerge through thecon.- tracted opening 42 in a vapor and become mixed with the swirling air as shown'by the arrows Figs. 2 and 3.

At the base of t-he pedestal 12 is a groove 21, into which is itted'a circular pilot pipe 22 having an extension 23 to which the sup-l ply pipe 24 may be attached. Said supply pipe is provided with a valve 25 and a branc pipe 26, with devices that regulate the supply of oil from. the source of supply to theA pilot and power burners. Just above the Apilot burner 22 is a vaporizing plate 27 which the pilot flame will at all times keep heated to `such an extent as to ignite any oil that may to the openings 9 and 10 may be providedv with extensions 29 and 30, their upper partsv drip from above.

To thel outer periphery of the base plate 8 is secured an upwardly extending bowl 28, which assists in causing the air within the furnace to assume a turbulent mass by reason of the particles of combustion coming into conta-ct with other forces of air together within the inclined wall 28, and thereby cause 'the particles of the oil to be consumed. While terminating in an inverted bowl 31, the top of said bowl is provided with a cover 32, the lower part 33 of the bowl is open so as to allow the full force of the air from the blower to cause the flame beneath the cap to be swirled around by reason of the various tangential currents coming in contact with each other as indicated by the arrows.

Air ducts or openings 34 (only one set of which is shown) extend circularly between the openings 9 and 10, as shown in Fim 5, and such duets are preferably covered y a y suitable curved conveyor plate 35 which will throw the air from the blower in t-he direction of the pedestal and under t-he plate 27, thereby assisting in vcausing a complete swirl to the ignited particles of combustion., For

van ideal combustion a different proportion of air (or its oxygen) and oil vapors is required to be intermixed so that the particles will be uniform for complete combustion of the turbulent mixture. For instance, the air as it passes through openings 34 will cause the mixture to be given aturbulent motion as before noted, to such an extent that it will bring abouta well mixed condition for a complete combustion, at the same time air is forced from the openings 17, which further .facilitate the mixture of the vapors by caus- Y passages 9 and 10 that lead the pre-heated air .-into a circular inverted bowl 3l, which air is then forced over the vaporizing cap 18. mi The .passage 39 permits comparatively cold air from beneath the grate to enter into a circular chamber 40 and leave through openings 17, which are so arranged and proportioned as to limit the temperature of the vaporizing 4cap lto a value where the cracking of the oil inside of the oil feed pipe 26 is prevented.

The heat of the pilot liame will be absorbed by the lower portion of the .base plate 8 as well as by the vaporizing plate 27. The lower portion of the base plate 8, by reason of its large radiating surface, will be kept at a comparatively low temperature. The vaporizing` plate 27 having a small area and being supported by suitable studs will maintain a suliicient high temperature to vaporize the oil that may drip on its surface from the distributing plate 14. The plate 27 being so supported, close to the delector plate 35 permits the free liow of the air lnder and about the same so as toinsure the co-mingling of the particles of combustion and keep the mass therein in a continuous swirling motion.

Oil is admitted through the magnetically operated valve 4 1 into pipe 26 vwhen power 115 is used, but if natural draft is to be used then an ordinary hand operated valve is used, the oil is led to the flat surface 14 of the extension` 13; the oil will spread over the same and then overflow its edgesv and finally drip upon the surface of the vaporizing plate 27 and then become thoroughly mixed with the air supplied through the various passages when combustion will take place. The radiant heat gradually raises the temperature of the cap to such an extentthat the oil will be vaporized befo-re it leaves the space 42 and the combustion takes place as before noted. The conveyer plate 35 is for guiding the air from passage 34 to the oil pilot plate 27. The control 130 box 43 and its internal workings are too welly shown the Basel Manufacturing Companys heat regulator supply tank, but any othertank of an other manufacture may be used to supv ply oil t the burners. The oil enters the tank from the source of supply by pipe 44, and flowsffrom the same through pipe 24 to the pilot and pipe 26 to the main burner, the flow being regulated by the valve 25. As a safety and economical means, the oil that is not consumed by the flame will flow from the duct 11, back to the source of supply. y

The cap 18 is so proportioned that it has a larger diameter at its lower part, than.the l lower member 13. The purpose of which is forthe creating a suction action of the vapor about the openings 20. This is clearly understood that we imagine pre-heated air from chamber 31 having a considerable velocity passing over the crown 18 then passing on its path around the flat plate 14 will form a slight vacuum in the space 19, causing the vapor to be drawn out and in so doing causing a premixing with the air. The air as it passes through the opening 34 will cause the mixture to be agitated around to such an extent that it will bring about a well-mixed condition for a complete combustion; at the same time air being forced from the openings 17 will further facilitate the mixture of the vapors, as explained above, and as shown bythe arrows in Fig. 4.

Assuming the condition of natural draft to the burners and the manual control of the burners will only be brought about when the supply of electrical current has failed, as it does frequently in small towns and cities, the operation of the burners under such condition is as follows:

In addition to the air pipe 37 the usual opening is provided in the furnacedoor (below the grate) to allow suflicient air to pass into the space 38, as may be necessary for proper combustion of the fuel, and said opening normally is closed when the burner is operated as a power burner.

The burner, as described, will operate eitherl as a power burner when a definite amount of air is supplied by the means of an electric driven fan, or when said power has failed it may be operated as a natural draft burner. It is, of course, understood,`whenv operated as a natural draft burner, it cannot operate to full efficiency on account of various draft conditions caused, by outside temperature and wind, thereby causing a great variation in the mixture of air and fuel. For a proper combustion of fuel a definite amount t trolled by a power-driven fan.

As before notedwith proper well known automatic devices, the burner may be used as a power burner, which will inno way require hand manipulation once the parts are set, such devices and systems are not illustrated as it forms no part of the present invention.

In accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes I have herein described and shown the principal form of my 'invention whichv I now consider, after experimenting with the same, as representing the best embodiment thereof, but I desire to have it understood that the device is only illustrative and that the invention can be carried out in other ways than those shown and described,

but all of which are intended lo come within the scope of the claims.

What I claim as new is:

1. In an oil burner of the character described, the combination with a base plate having a central opening, a hollow pedestal on the base plate and above and communica-ting with the opening therein, an oil distributing plate thereon having a downwardly extending lip stepped therefrom, means for conveying oil to said plate, a crown surmounting said distributing plate having a chamber therein, means for maintaining spaced relation between the crown and the distributing plate,.air ports below said plate for deported in spaced relation to the said plate aving a chamber therein with means for feeding the oil to the drippingv lip, of a vaporizing plate below said dripping lip, of a pilot flame for keeping said plate hot, defiectors arranged over certain of the air ports for directing the air towards the pedestal, other of the ports having means for conveying air to the top of the conical member, of oil feeding means to the pilot burner and the distributing plate, and means for furnishing air to the several openings under pressure.

3. In ,an oil burner of the character described, the combination with a base plate adapted to cover part of the fire grate, said plate having outwardly extending flanges, a trough formed in its outer edge, a baffle plate secured to the outer edge of said base plate, a pedestal secured toits central part, air ports between the pedestal and the balile plate having vdeflecting plates thereon, of means secured to the pe estal for distributing oil over its outer edges, and means for furnishing air to the upper and lower side of said oil distributing plate. v

4. In an oil burner of the character described, the combination of a base plate supcarrie thereon, a conical crown above said plate deflectlng a1r from [above the same whereby the film' of oil from the distributing plate is drawn into the air current, of air discharging ports below said plate fordeecting the vapor'as itpasses the same, of a plate mounted on the base for vaporizing oil into vapor, means for keeping said plate heated, and means for directing air currents above and below said plate.

5. In an oil burner of the type described, a base plate having a central opening therein and having a hollow pedestal rising thereabove through which air is adapted to pass, the material of theplate adjacent the base of the pedestal being formed with a groove for receiving a pilot member, an oil distributing plate carried on the pedestal, a crown above and supported by said plate in spaced relationship thereto for dellecting air from above the same whereby the film of oil from the distributing plate is drawn into the air current, air discharge ports below the distrib-` uting plate for defleeting vapor as it passes the same, a vaporizing plate for oil carried A bythe base above-the pilotv ipe, land means -for'direoting aircurrents a ove and below said late.4

6. .an o1l burner of the type described, a

vbase plate having a central opening therein and' hav-inga hollow, vertical pedestal thereabove through which airis adapted to ass from beneath the base, the base plate agout the base. of the pedestal 'being depressed lto receive therein a pilot member, an oil distributing member carried by the pedestal, a crown above and supported by the oil distributing member in spaced relationship thereto for deflecting air'from abovethe same where-v by the ilm of oil from the distributing member is drawn into the -air current, air disv charge ports below the distributing member for dellecting vapor as it passes the same, and a vaporizing plate carried bythe base in spaced :relationship -thereto and directly above the pilot member and below the disl tributing member, and means for directing currents of air both above and belowthe vaporizing plate.`

In testimony whereof I ailix my signature. ALEXANDER E. SCHEIN.

Images