US1675798A - Alloy and process for making same - Google Patents

Description

' asts J ly'S, 1928. I A I v i I v 1126759798 UNITED 5. ;.711215v PATENT QFFI'CE.

nussnnr. rmmxs, or nnooxmnmann minimum a. mean, or, noueri'a's'rox; :nw YORK, assrcmoas r rmnms STELLITE OOMIPANY,"A conrom'rron or nlmnu.

f nnor'ann raocass roa 11mm sum no Drawing. Application use January 5, 19st. s mi in. aos.

Our invention relates to alloys for useas suitable alloy of boron. ,When ferro-boron high-speed cutting tools and the like which or cl1romiumsbor0n are used, small amounts 1 are similar in general physical properties of iron or chromium will be'introduced into and structural characteristics 0 those obthe final alloy, but these have no appreciable tained by H. S. Cooper, U. S. atents Nos. effect on its properties. The other raw ma- .99.

1,221,769, 1,277 ,046, 1,278,304, 1,350,359, and terials frequently contain small amounts of- 1,461,178, I lron'so that the iron content of the final alloy Our new alloys contain, as essential comma be as high as 2 or 3%.

' ponents nickel ")r cobalt in preponderating hese alloys ma be conveniently made. by proportion, usually substantial amounts of ineltingthe nicke tungsten silicon-, and N] tungsten, smallamounts of boron up to about boron containing materials together in a 1%,and preferably substantialamounts of graphite crucible in any suitabletoffurzirconium. Minor amounts of siliconandnace, raising the tem ratureof {litfmolten aluminum are usually present and have more bath to.1600-1800 and then stirring the or less effect on the properties of the alloy. zirconium in the form of some suitable zir- [Q Molybdenum or uranium may be present, reconium alloy into the melt. The zirconium placingpart or allof the tungsten. alloy will disolve' quite readily if vigorous. Our invent-ion also includes the preparastirring is em loyed., The-melt may ,be tion of an alloy in which substantial amounts 'poured at once into molds, (sand, carbon or of titanium are substituted for zirconium-or fgraphite) but a cleaner metal will result if 75 d ith th same i ,5. I the melt is left in the furnace and heated for Our invention also covers anew and [fifteen or-twenty minutesmore A coati ful rocess of preparing alloys of 'thisfclassuinf oxide will be formed over the surface 0 H retofore in pre aring alloys 3 such as the metal during this second heating and this those disclosed by ooper in the patentsh -coatin g will 'have to be broken throughbe- 80- above mentioned, the desired hardness has; fore themelt can. be poured, but the metal been obtained 1 by adding a considerable-isvery fluid and runs readilyassoon as the e amount 'ofaluminum over and above "that rust-1s brokeng contained in the alloys used as raw materialsiz A commerci l allfo "of zirconium and 80 A great deal-of trouble was encountered 'nickel has been fou'n to'givesatisfactory 86 through oxidation of this excess, aluminum results as the source of the zirconium inthis and .in addition the tungsten-segregated r tzy alloy. Itis friable and may be readily I 1 ra idly as soon as the aluminum wasfladd crushed to a wder. The best resultshav'e e have now produced alloys of this type in been obtain when .the' nickel 'zirconium which hardness'and good cutting properties alloy was used in the formof approximately 90 are secured by raising-thezirconmm content mesh powder. The mckelzjrconium'alloy j land correspondingly decreasing the alumicontains approximately 37%jn ickel, 34% z ir-- "-1 numcontent, whereby "oxidation of alumis, comum,,12 to 15% aluminumand 10jto 12% num and ,the segregation .of tungsten are; siliconij. When such a nickel'zirconium alloy .4o- "large1yavoided; g q 1s used,it may supply the entire quantit of 1 Q -We 'haveffound that the hardness of, the aluminum entering the alloy. It 'has n. alloy is increased by the presence of boron found that with a zirconiumco'ntent of 8 ,to'

therein,, and that thereis a marked refine-' 10% in the final alloy,- the aluminum-should y ment'ofgrainif; We have also found that the be between 3% and 4% in order that the, boron seems to. act; in "conjunction with the f, alloy may have a hardness suitable for use 100' zirconium in producing amuchbetter cut ase cutting tool. One heat'ofth1s alloy ting' tool than can be made from alloys pfwhich had the .pro er hardness and whic this type which donot contain boron.

gave good results w en used as a cutting tool -One class of alloys'made in accordance"-Jhad' the following composition: tungsten, so with ourinvention contain 5 to 12% tung-y 7 .67%,aluminum, 3.62%, silicon 4.19%, iron .10

1 sten, '6 to 12% zirconium, 3.5 to 6% silicon," 1.51%, boron .63%, zirconium, 7.21%, nickel to 5% aluminum, u to 1% boron, the balremainder. ance bein principa y nickel; The boron Another class of alloys prepared in accord- I may be ded in the form of ferro-boron, ance with our invention and possessing physchromium-boron, boron carbide 'or'any other ical properties and structural'characteristics 1;.

I crushed to a wder.

- cutting quality be similar to those of the alloys above described is characterized by the use of substantial amounts of titanium in lieu of zirconium. These alloys, the preferred composition range of which is 5 to 12% tungsten, '6 to 12% 'into the melt. The titanium alloy will dissolve quite readily if vigorous stirrin is employed and. the melt may be ure at once into sand, carbon, or graphite molds. A titanium alloy which has given good re- "sults in this work contains 64.8% titanium,

27.3% aluminum, 2.2% silicon, 2.1% iron and 1.0% carbon. It is friable and ma v be The best results ave been obtain when it was crushed to approximately 40 mesh. No aluminum except that contained in the titanium alloy is added to'the melt. One melt of this cutting tool alloy which had the groper hardness and good the following composition: tun ten 7.23%,titanium 7.20%, aluminum 3. silicon 4.40%, ir'on0.95%, carbon 0.52%, boron 0.55%, nickel remainder. The titanium-containing alloy herein described constitutes the subject matter of a 1sfiparate application Serial No..92,584, filed arch 5,1926. Nickel-alumin'um-silicon alloys have also been repared having com itions such as are disclosed by C00 r in .8. Patent No. 1,461,178, but with t e addition of boron in small amounts up to 1%. Such alloys have shown a marked increase in strength, hard-.

new andcuttin qualities when used as cutting tools; Suc alloys containin boron are also characterized by marked re nement of grain structure.

While in the examples above given nickel has'been specified as the princi al constituent of thealloy, it is to be un erstood that cobalt may be substituted for nickel or used withthe same, and that nickel is used in the claims to mean either nickel or cobalt or both.

All the alloys comprised withinthe invention are suitable for tools for the high-speed cuttin of cast iron, steel and semi-steel,

thoug they arealso useful for other purposes. The termthigh-speed is here used in the same'sense'as in the common expression hi h-s dsteel and imports conditions o suc severity that ordinary carbon steels subjected to them would be softened by the heat generated in the cutting and thus become useless.

We claim 1. alloy containing from 3 to 5% aluminum, 3.5 to 6% silicon, 5 to 12% tungsten, 6 to 12% zirconium, boron in substantial and efl'ective amounts a5 to 1%, the bal-' ance being principally nick 2. a utting tool composed of an alloy conta ning from 3 to 5% aluminum,- 3.5 to 6%;s1hcon, 5 to 12% tungsten, 6 to 12 airconium, boron in substantial and e ective amounts n to 1%, the balance being principall yhmc el.

8. e process of combining a metal'havin the al oying pro rties of zirconium with pic 01 tungsten an silicon, which consists in melting nickel t and silicon together, heating the be h .to between-1600 and 180 0 0., and then introducing a mate- M rial containin said metal into the melt while maintaining t e aluminum content of the bath below the point at which pronounced segregation of tungsten takes place.

rocess of preparing an alloy containing nickel in prrgponderating amount, silicon, aluminum, in 5 to 12% of tungsten and from 6 to 12% zirconium, compriain}: melting nickel, tungsten and silicon together, introducing a zirconium containing alloy into the melt, while maintaining the aluminum content of the both below the point at which pronounced segregation of tungsten takes place.

5. A non-ferrous alloy suitable for tools for the high-speed cutting of cast iron comprising a preponderating amount ofnickel, 3% to 5% of aluminum, 3.5% to 6% of silicon, 5% to 12% of tungsten, and boron in substantial and efiective amounts 6. A non-ferrous alloy suitable r tools for the high-speed cutting of cast iron which contams 3% to 5% of aluminum, 3.5% to 6% of silicon, 5% to- 12% of tungsten, 6% to 12% of zirconium, and approximately 0.6% of boron, with the'balanoe principally nickel. I

7. A non-ferrous alloy suitable for tools for the h gh-speed cutting of cast iron which contains from 3% to 5% of aluminum, 3.5% to 6% of silicon, 5 to 12% of tungsten, 6% to 12% of zirconium and'titanium taken together, and boron in substantial and efl'ective amounts up to 1%, with the balance principally mckel.

t In testimony whereof, we aflix our signaures.

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