US1508136A - Economizer - Google Patents

Description

8. BROIDO sconomzzn Filed April 29.

1920 2 Shams-Sheet 2 NN Q 0% \N BENJAMIN BROIDO @513 His wow L01 Patented Sept. 9, 1924.

UNITED stares PATENT- oFFice.

BENJAMIN 31501130, 01'' PERTH AMBOY, NEW JERSEY, ASSIQNOB 1'0 m SUPER- HEATER COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF BET-AWARE.

EOONOMIZER.

Application filed April 29, 1920. Serial No. 377,655.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, BENJAMIN Bnomo, a citizen of the United States, residing at Perth Amboy, in the county of Middlesex and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Economizers, of which the following is a specifica tion.

The present invention relates to economizers.

The material used for these structures practically universally in the United States is cast iron. When the feed water has no scale-forming ingredients, and is fed to the economizer at'a temperature of from 90 to 100 F., this material is entirely satisfactory.

forthis purpose. There is of course the limitation that the cast iron economizer must notbe sub ected to any considerable pressures.

This limitation does not apply to ec0no-' mizers made of steel; but otherwise the difficulties encountered when cast iron is 'used.

' will be especially rapid where there is a high sulphur content in the coal.

Steel economizersare in addition much more subject to internal pitting where considerable air, or gaseous acids, or organic matter are contained in the feed water, a condition very likely to exist in the case of sur-- face water.

Where it is necessary to furnish cold water to the eoonomizer, i. e., water below about 90 F., the only efi'ective way so far roposed to m knowledge of reventing tl ie objec tiona le formatlon of condensed moisture spoken of is to mix enough boiler water with t e cold feed water to raise the temperature of the latter above the point where such condensation occurs. This involves a loss of .eficiency in the operation of the economizer.

The internal pitting, most pronounced with steel economizers, may be more or less efiectively prevented by the addition to the water ofneutralizing chemical agents, such as carbonate of soda or lime; but it is usually found that if suchmaterials are added in quantities sufiicient to have the desired neutralizing effect the .boiler water soon becomes such a concentrated solution as to endanger the boiler plates.

It is the purpose of the present invention to obviate some of the difliculties pointed out,

The invention is illustrated in the drawings, in which ,Fig. 1 represents more or less diagrammatically in longitudinal section a boiler wit-h an economizer according to my invention; Fig. 2; is an enlarged new of a portion of Fig. 1; and Fig. 3 is a fragmentary view on line 3-3 of Fig. 2.

The boiler shown is of a well-known type. It comprises a lower drum 1, and the three upper drums2, 3, 4, the latter connected to the former by three banks of tubes 5, 6 and 7. Gases from the furnace 8 pass successively over these banks, being directed in their course by the battles 9, 10 and 11, and

leaving the boiler proper at 12. Feed water is delivered into the drum 4, and steamis taken ofi from drum 3. The housin 13, which encloses the boiler proper, 15 s own extended. so as also to accommodate the economizer.

This economizer consists of two sections. The one directly behind the boiler is made up of the upper drum 14, the lower drum l5, and the banks of tubes 16 and17 conmeeting them. A partition 18 in the upper drum divides it into the two parts 19 and 20, the former communicating with the upper ends of the tubes in bank 16, the latterwith those of the tubes in bank 17. 21 is a connection for the entrance of the feed water, and 22 is a ipe delivering the heated feed water to um 4 of the boiler.

A bafie 23 extends downward from drum 14 between banks 16 and, 17, terminating some distance above drum 15.

'The other section of the economizer comprises an upper drum 25, a lower drum 26, l

and a bank of tubes 27 connecting them.

A pipe 28 connects the upper drum 25 to of discharge.

-water heater. This system is kept completely filled with water, preferably dis tilled, any loss from leakage being made up through the valved connection 33.

Under the coils 32 in compartment 20 there is a pan 36 running lengthwise of the drum, within and nearthe bottom of which is located a pipe 37 provided with perfora tions 38, and extending out through the end of the drum to some convenient point This pipe 37 is at some accessible point provided with a valve 39.

From an elevated point of chamber 20 there extends outward the valved pipe 40,-

terminating at some appropriate point.

A baflie 24 extends upward from drum 26 in front of the bank of tubes 27, terminating some distance below drum 25.

34 indicates th connection for the passage of gases to the stack.

The operation of the apparatus is as follows:

Gases leaving the boiler proper at 12 pass successively over the two economizer sections, being guided'in their course by the baliies 23 and 24, and finally leaving for the stack through the connection 34.

Feed water is supplied under pressure through pipe 21, enters chamber 20, travels downward through tubes 17 to drum 15, up-

ward through tubes 16 to chamber 19, and thence by pipe 22 to drum 4 of the boiler.

In compartment 20 it is given an initial heating by coming into contact with the coils 32, thus entering the tubes 17 at a temperature high enough to prevent the condensation on the outside 0f these tubes of the moisture present in the products of combustion. This preliminary heating results in the precipitation of some sediment which collects in pan 36 and is removed from timeto time by blowing it off through pipe 37. At the same time gases may be liberated, which are'allowed from time to time to escape through pipe 40.

The water in coils 32 is cooled by the feed water coming into contact with the outside of the coils, while the gases sweeping over tubes 27 impart heat to the water in these tubes. The resultantdifference in density sets up the necessary circulation in the closed system so that the heat absorbed from the gases in passing over tubes 27 is constantly transferred to the feed water entering drum 14. If the circulation should prove iuadequate a pump is used to accelerate it.

The temperature of the water in tubes 27 is high enough to prevent any condensation of moistureon their outside surface.

My invention will be seen to remove the difiiculties'spoken of. It makes steel available as material for economizers. Condensation of moisture in the gases and its deposition on the economizer is prevented; scale forming matter is precipitated and removed before the feed water enters the economizer tubes; gases that are liberated are removed; the economizer may, where desired, be subjected to high internal pressure; and at the same time the temperature of the gases before their final discharge is reduced at lpast as far as in apparatus as hitherto use What I claim is i. In apparatus of the class described, the combination of a boiler; an economizer section; means to supply feed water to it, and means to convey water from it to the boiler; asecond economizer section; means to bring the waste gases from the boiler into contact first with the first and then with the second section; and means to transfer heat from the water in the second section to the feed water without mingling the two and before the feed water is heated by the gases coming into contact with the first section.

2. In apparatus of the class described the combination of a boiler; an economizer section; means to supply water to the section, and means to convey water from it to the boiler; a second economizer section; means to bring the waste gases from the boiler into cont-act first with the first and then with the second section; heat transferring means adapted for the circulation of water thru them arranged to deliver heat to the feed water before it is heated in the first section by gases; and means to supply heated water to said heat transferring means from the second section and to return the cooled water to the second section,

. 3. In apparatus of the class described, the combination of a boiler; an economizer section; means to supply water to the section, and means to convey water from it to the boiler; a closed system comprising a second economizer section, a heat transferring device, and means to permit circulation from one to the other and back; and means to bring the waste gases from the boiler into contact first with-the first and then with the second section; the heat transferring device being arranged to heat the feed water before it. is heated in the first section by waste gases.

4. In apparatus of the class described, the combination of a boiler, an economizer section; means to supply water to the section,

incenseand means to convey water from it to the boiler; a closed system comprisi-n a second economizer section, a heat trans erring device, and means to permit circulation from one to the other and back, said. system being. filled with relatively pure Water means to bring the waste gases from the hoiler into contact first with the first and then with the second section; the heat transferring device I closed system; on means to b ow 0E pre- Q cipitetes and to allow liberated gases to escape from the feed. water before the wete? is heated by the

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