US1583921A - Hollow tile - Google Patents

Description

MayV l1 1926.

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H. GARBER HoLLow TILE l Filed Sept. 13, 1922 lll/111111 M'ORNEYE'.

May 11 1926.

H. GARBER HoLLow TILE Filed sept. 1 3, 1922 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 .E/KTOR y, aw

ATTORNEYS.

' required in framing around doors, windows, or other openings.

' Width of tile.

Patented May 11, 1926.

UNITED STATES HARVEY GARBER, OF ORANGE, CAIIILIII"ORN'IA.

HOLLOW TILE.

Application sied september 13, 1922. serial No. 587,885.

My invention relates to materials used iii building construction and relates particularly to hollow tile suc-h as is employed in the constructions of walls and partitions.

The hollow tile now in extensive use is made up in the form of blocks which vary in size according to the particular use to which they are to be put. As a general rule the length and the height of a certain class of tile is maintained constant and the variations in size of thetile accomplished by graduations in width, so that when the tile is laid up in mortar, different thicknesses of wall may be obtained by using the corresponding These tile blocks are cellular in form for the purpose of saving materials and reducing the weight of the-tile, these4 cells being customarily extended vertically through the tile so that` the edges of the walls forming the tile are abutted together when the tile'is placed one upon the other as in wall construction. This saving in materials and reduction in Weight is accomplished without reducing the strength of the tile below requirements for ample strength of wall structures.

The present forms of tile ai'e diiiicult to handle in sizes above four inch width owing to the fact that the hand cannot effectually grasp across a width exceeding four or live inches, and that the interior walls which divide the cells are so spaced that a grip upon one of the side walls of the tile itself cannot be taken, thus making it necessary for the Workman to employ both hands in placing the tile, which means that he must lay down his mortar trowel each time that a tile is placed.

Another disadvantage encountered in the present form of tile is that owing to the before-mentioned cellular construction, it is` difHcult to perfectly break the tile so asto get half or quarter sections which are often It is an ob 'ect of the invention to provide tile having an improved form which enables it to be handled conveniently with one hand,

thus makingit possible for the workman to retain his trowel in the other hand while placing the tile.

It is a further object of the invention to provide a tile which may be broken or divided into half and quarter sizes of substantially perfect form so that subsequent trimming is not necessary.

It is a fuitlier object to provide a tile adapted to framing around or into existing structures, and having means whereby the 4Wall built of such tile may be locked into the therewith may enter and form a key which contributes to and is instrumental in maintaining the bond between the tile.

The especial advantages of my invention and. further objects thereof will be made evident hereinafter.

.Referring to the drawing which is for illustiative purposes only,

Fig. 1 is a. plan view of a simple-form of tile embodying my invention.

Fig. 2 is a plan view of a preferred formv of my invention having grooves formed in the surface thereof at the points at which it may be desirable to divide the tile.

Fig. 3 is a vertical longitudinal section through a fragment of a wall composed of the vtile illustrated in Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 illustrates the manner in which the tile may be built within a previously existing structure.

Fig. 5 represents a half tile prepared for use in the structure shown in Fig. 4.

. Fig. 6 is a perspective fragmentary view showing a wall structure having a pipe or electric conduit set into the surface thereof.

Fig. 7 is ay fragmentary plan view il1ustrating the manner in which the tile may be framed around piping extending between Fig. 1, side walls 11, end walls 12, and intermediate walls 13 are shown. VThe intermediate walls 13 are spaced apart a distance substantially one-half the entire length ofthe tile, thus leaving the spacin between the end walls 12 and the intermedlate walls 13 substantially one-fourth the length of the tile. By so proportioning the tile, a central width 15 of each of the side walls 11 is maintained, which is wide enough to permit the hand of the workman` to close over a single wall 11 at a point between the intermediatewalls, and enabling. the tile to be lifted with one hand. This is particularly desirable as it permits the tile to be placed with one hand while the other hand is employed for the purpose of laying on the mortar. By the use of this tile considerable time and labor is saved in construction.

In t-he side walls 11 narrow elongated cells 16 and 17 and equilaterally cross sectioned cells 18 are formed which extend vertically through the wallsv 11and are parallel to them. These . minor cells 16, 17 and 18 have a particular utility which will be madeevident later in the specification.

In Fig. 2 I show a tile 20 having side walls 11, end walls 12, and intermediate walls 14. The tile is similar in structural form to that shown in' Fig. 1, inasmuch as the side walls 11 are provided with minor cells 16 and 17 and equilateral cells22 and 23;.but the intermediate walls 14 are also each provided with la cell 25 which .extends entirely from the top to thebottom of the intermediate wall and has a breadth substantially equal to the space between the inner faces 26 of the side walls 11, thus 'dividing the intermediate walls centrally so` that it constitutes a double wall structure comprised of-narrow walls 27. In the wall 11 opposite to the ends of the cells 25, the cells 22 are placed, and V shaped grooves 29 are formed vertically in the outer surface of the walls 11 at points coincident `with th"cells 22 so that a score or breaking line is provided at which the tile may be struck .with the trowel' and caused to break centrally through the wall 11, as indicated by the line A-A. The

presence of the cells 22 and 25 in alignment with the grooves 29- present a path upon which the break may occur and -makes it possible to divide the break into perfect ``quarter and three-quarter divisions.

It' will be perceived that each of the divisions so formed is a perfect integral structure, owing to the fact that the division occurs between the narrow walls 27 sothat one of the Walls 27 is retained with each of the divisional members, formed by the dividing of the tile. The -cells 23 are placed between the cells 17, and being so placed lie upon the centralaxis B-B of the tile. Grooves 31are formed in the outer surfaces of the walls 11 in alignment with the cells 3 so that in combination with the cells 23 a means for breaking the tile into two symmetrical sections is provided.

When the tile of the type shown in Fig. 2 is employed in-wall construction, as shown in Fig. 3, the walls 14 and 20 of each tile will be in abutted relationship to certain other walls 14 and '20 of the tile in adjacent courses. 'I'o illustrate this, let it be considered that the course 35 is laid up between the courses 36 and 37. The lower course36 starts with a whole tile 38 and succeeding tiles 39 are laid -up thereagainst with inortar 40 between the end walls 12 thereof. The course 35, which is placed upon the lower layer 36, is preferably started with a half tile 42 which is obtained by breaking a tilev 2O upon the central line B-B, so that the joints between the tile in the succeeding tiers or courses will be offset one from the other as is customary practice. Next to the half tile 42 a full tile 43 1s placed and thecour'se is continued with full tile as indicated. The upper layer 37 starts with a full tile 38 the same as the' lower layer 36 and continues across with full tile.

From an inspection of the drawing it will be perceived that the intermediate walls 14 of the tiles in the successive courses are in alignment, thus permitting plaster to be laid therebetween as indicated at 45. An additional value of the cells 16, 17, and 25 is that in the laying of the mortar a small amount drops into the crevices provided by the cells 10ov i and forms a key, as indicated at 48. Also when a tile is laid upon the mortar a small amount thereof is forced upwardly into the cells as indicated at 49; thus an additional bond is provided between the successive layers of tile, which serves also as a key against the lateral movement ofoone tlle upon the other.

previously existing or previously constructed framework, the tile may be easily broken Where it is desired to build a wan Vinto a.

as indicated in Fig. 4. In this figure, 50

indicates a structural member. For tying in a tile wall with the building member 50, an

end wal1'12 and the end portion of a sidev wall 11v asindicat'ed by the dotted lines 51` are'brokcn out so that an angle' formation as indicated at 52 results, which may be placed so as to rest, against the walls 53 and 54 of the member 50, plaster being placed between the tile and the member if so desired. The succeeding layer of tile is started with a half tile prepared as shown in Fig. 5. This tile has one of the linier limbs,

which enclose the central portion of the tile when the tile is undivided, broken off as indicated at 57 so that substantially the same vL shaped formation 52 is created as provided in the whole tile.

In Fig. 6 I show a small portion of a Wall constructed in the same manner as the Wall shown in Fig. 8. In this view the feature` of setting small diameter pipes or conduits into the surface of the wall is shown. It willy be' perceived that when the tile are set up, the cells 16 and 17 of the consecutiveY courses are continuous in vertical extension. The outer walls 60 which enclose the cells- 16 and 17 may be easily broken out so that recesses are provided into which a'pipe 62 may be set., the plaster finish completely covering this pipe when applied, as shown at (S3. The channels provided by breaking into the cells 16 and 17 are suitable for electric conduit and gas and Water piping. The top course of tile 64 in the` wall shown in Fig. 6 is started with a half tile 42 and continued with, full sized tile 43. The ability to break the tileinto half sections is of particular advantage owing to the fact that a smooth end surface 65 may bc formed by the end walls 12 of the successive layers ofI tile.

In Fig. 7 a. vertical pipe 7 O is shown having a wall 71 of tile constructed therearound. This type ot' construction is accomplished by splitting the tile 2O centrally upon the line l-B and placing the half tile 42, thus formed, around the pipe from either side. For the succeeding layer of tile the end walls ot whole tile, as indicated by the lines 73,`

lare broken out to provide a pocket in the end ot the tile which will 'fit over the pipe 7l). After the wall has been laid up, plaster may be placed thereupon as indicated at 75. It. is convenient to build the form of tile I have invented around pipes and similar articles owing to the ease with which the tile may be split at the dividing points. With the ordinary forms of tile, the diiicultyot dividing the tile makes such enclosing work ver),y tedious `and lengthy, and being such', is highly impractical. i

As shown in Fig. 8 of the drawing, the end wall of a tile may be broken out so as to expose a recess-81. When tile prepared in this manner is framed around a Window opening, the recesses 81 coincide and form a weight channel in which sash weights 82,

y which are suspended by cords passing over pulleys mounted in the upright member 83 of the window framing 84, may be concealed; thereby eliminating the need for boxing in a channel for the sash weights.

4.The features of particular value with which my invention is concerned, consist in: the coliiparai ive ease with which the tile may be handled; in the fact that it may be conveniently divided into properly shaped quarters or halves which require no trimvarious structural elements; its adaptability* to the concealment of pipes and conduits;

and the format-ion of interlocking keys byV the mortar with Awhich the tile are laid up.

I claim as my invention:

1. A hollow tile of the class described, comprising: side walls having vertically disposed elongated cells therein, and substantially equilateral vertical cells between said elongated cells; end walls connecting between the ends of said side walls; and intermediate walls extending between said side walls, each having an elongated cell extending vertically therethrough of a breadth substantially equal to the distance between said side walls, certain of said equilateral cells being'disposed in said side walls in posit-lons substantially adjacent to the said cells in said intermediate walls.

2. A hollow tile of the class described, comprising: side walls having vertically disposed elongated cells therein, and substantia'lly eqnilateral vertical cellsy between said elongated cells; endv Walls connecting between the ends of said side walls; and intermediate walls extending between said side walls, each having an elongated cell extending vertically therethrough of a breadth substantially equal to the distance between said side Walls, certain of said equilateral cells being disposed in said side walls in positions substantially adjacent to t-he said cells in said intermediate walls, there being a breaking groove adjacent to each of said equilateral cells, said grooves being formed in the outer surfaces of said side walls.

3. A hollow tile of the class described, comprising: side walls having vertically disposed elongated cells therein, and substantially eqnilateral vert-ical cells between said elongated cells; end walls connecting` between the'ends ot said side walls; and intermediate walls extendingv between said side walls, each having an elongated cell extend- .ing vertically therethrough of a breadth substantially equal to the distance between said side walls, said intermediate walls being spaced at substantially -the quarter and threequarter positions between the ends of the tile, certain of said equilateral ycells being disposed in said side walls in positions substantially adjacent to the said cells in said intermediate walls, there being a breaking groove adjacent to each of said equilateral cells, said grooves being formed inthe outer surfaces of said side walls.

4. A hollow tile of the class disclosed, comprising: side walls provided with koppositel-y disposed equilateral vertical cells; end walls connecting the ends of said side walls; and an intermediate wall connecting said side walls and provided with a vertical elongated cell extending in alignment with said equilateral cells.

5. A hollow tile of 'the class disclosed, comprising: side Walls provided .with oppositely disposed equilateral vertical cells; end

Walls connecting the ends of said side walls;, 'and Van intermediate wall connecting said 'side walls and provided witha-vertical elongated cell extending in alignment with said 10 lequilateral cells, said side walls being pro- .vided with breaking grooves adjacent said equilateral c ells.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand at Los Angeles, California, this 6th 15

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