US1443719A - Internal-combustion engine - Google Patents

Description

Jan. 30, 1923. V 1,443,719. I

C. S. SCHOTT. V

' INIERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE,

FILED o T. 15 1921.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 1- -i v NN Jan. 30, 1923. c. s. SCHOTT.

INTERNAL COMB UST|0N ENGINE.

4 SHEETSSHEET 2.

FILED OCT. 15. I921.

iilan. 30,1923.

c. 3. 8011011. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

4 SHEETSQSHEET a.

- FILED 001.15, i921.'

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

C. S. SCHOTT. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

man OCT. '15. l92l- Jan. 30, 1923.

Patented Jan. 30, 1923.

CALVIN S. SCHOTT, 0F BUCK CREEK, INDIANA.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Application filed October 15, 1921. Serial No. 507,851.

and State of Indiana, have invented cer tain new and useful Improvements in Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the following is a Specification.

My invention relates to internal combustion engines and more particularly to four stroke cycle gasoline engines.

One object of the invention is to eliminate, as far as possible, .all gear wheels, using levers and links in preference.

Another object is to provide two pistons in each cylinder, the twin pistons working in synchronism but always in opposite directions.

By constructing the device in this manner, a light and smooth running engine is produced, which will not readily get out of order and which is easy to repair.

The engine is particularly well suited for automobiles, as one of its advantages is the possibility of changing the stroke length of the piston while the engine is running and the piston in any position. That is to say, the length of the stroke may be changed at any intermediary position of the pistons as well as at their'end positions. It is, more over, possible to obtain an unlimited number of speeds, between the highest and lowest for which the engine has been constructed, merely by manipulating a lever and without stopping the engine.

In the accompanying drawings:

Figure 1 shows a front elevation of the engine,

Figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional view on the line 22 of Figure 3, V

' Figure 3 is a top plan view,

Figure at is a transverse sectional view on the line 4-4 of Figure 2, a

Figure 5 is a perspective view of one of the details,

Figure 6 is a slightly modified form of the adjusting device for the stroke length,

Fi ure 7 is a perspective view of a comhinec hinge and sliding connection for the rocking lever, and

Figure 8 is a simplified form of the cylinder shown in longitudinal section.

At the top of a suitable housing 15, the tw n cylinders 16 are rigidly mounted in axial alinement with each other. The cylmders are provided with a water jacket 17 along their entire length and with a bottom 18 situated in the middle. A piston 19 is provided for each cylinder and a combustion chamber 20 is formed on each side of the bottom 18 and between the same and the lnner end of each piston. Each piston has a piston rod 21 preferably guided in the housing 15 so as, to run in the axial direction of the cylinder Each combustion chamber is provided with an inlet valve, 22 for the combustion gases and an exhaust valve 23 with suitable conduits, not shown. On the top of the cylinders are shown the usual spark plugs 24 for, igniting the fuel. The valve stems are continued downwardly and provided with coil springs 25.130 hold them in their seats in the cylinders. The valves are actuated from the crankshaft 26 carried in bearings 27 mounted in the lower part of the housing 15. A pair of. intermediary shafts 28 carry cams 29 and 30 for the respective valves 22 and 23 and said shafts are connected to the crank shaft through a train of gears 31 which, in the present instance, has been indicated as for a four stroke cycle engine. In alinement with each piston and above the corresponding cams 29 and 30, plungers "32 are slidably mounted in the housing 15 so as to transfer the lifting action of the cams to the respective valves.

A pitman 35 for each piston is journaled at its inner end as at 36, to the corresponding crank of the crank shaft 26. The opposite end of each .of the pitmen is bifurcated as at 37 (see Figure and carries a journal 38 which, at each end, has a bearing block 39 adapted to slide in guideways 4:0"rigidly mounted on the bottom of the housing 15. A sleeve 41 is mounted in the bifurcated end 37 on the journal 38 so as to be able to oscillate on the journal.

A two-arm lever 45 having a lower shank ing portion 18, engages with the lower shank 46 in the sleeve 41 so as to have sliding motion therein. The upper shank 47 runs in a sleeve 49 similar to the sleeve 41 46, an upper shank 47 and a central bearand numnted on a journal provided on the piston rod Lil so as to be aole to esci late thereon. The bearing portion l8 of the two-arm lever has a transverse hearing: pin 51 which supported directly or through the intermediary of suitable blocks in the outer end of a rocking arm This rocking arm is rigidly secured on a stub shaft 53 carried in a bracket 54 secured to the bottom of? the housing 15, and on the same stub shaft a shortv arm 55 is also secured. The outwardly projecting portion of the bracket 54 has a guide slot 56 in which the bearing pin engages and this slot is inclinedupward and may be either straight or curved. depending on conditions and size or": the engine. The direction of this guide slot has been so selected. that the distance 1) between the inner ends of. the two pistons, at the turning point is constant whether the bearing pin is at the top or at the bottom oi said slot or in any intermediary position. This is for the purpose of preserving; the volume of the combustion chamber inde pendently of the length of the piston stroke.

Both sides of the engine are similarly constructed except that instead ot the short arm pointing upwards, as indicated to the left in Figure l, to the right, a corresponding; ari'n 5'? is pointing; in the opposite direction to the arm .35 and has an upward extension forming); a hand lever 58 for op erating the rocking arms 52. and it connecting link is journaled to each of the arms and 57. so that the movement of the hand lever will he comnnniicated simultaneously to both rocking arms :32 and give them the same angle ofinovement. At the top of the housing is provided a ratchet 60 with a. plurality of notches 61 for engaging and holdthe hand lever 58 in ditl'erent angular J .sitions so that. for instance, in the position indicated in lligure l,' with the hand lcver thrown to the extreme left. the arms are raised to their upper position holding the bearing pin 51 at the top of the slot 56. In this manner, each upper lever arm a? above the fulcrum point of the pin 51 is shortened. and the lower lever arm 46 below the fulcrum point is lengthened. The crank stroke being constant. this will ct t. as a consequence. a shortening: oi the bite of each pisbn. ll ith the ha d lever 58 swuw to .its othe. .eme position, the parts take the relative positions indicated in l ure fl: that is to say. with the roclti a rms 52 near the horimntal and the bearing pins .31 at the bottom of the. guide slots To .his position, the length of the lever arms to and 457 will be reversed, so that the pi."- tons will be permitted to have their longest stroke. It will now be seen that with the hand lever in any intermediary position, any corresponding length of piston stroke means can be obtained between the two extremes and in accordance with the number of notches G1 on the ratchet 60 this number being" practically unlimited.

In Figure 6, a slight modification of the connection between the rocking arms 52 is shown, a train of gears 62 having been interposed between the rocking arms 52 which. are simultaneously actuated by means of a cranlt or hand wheel 63 on one of the gear shafts.

Instead of dividing the two cylinders by a partition or bottom 18. as indicated in Figure 2, I may remove this partition and form a common combustion chamber 65 having the constant length D between the inner ends of the two pistons 19. This is particularly suitable for smallengines and requires only one spark plug and one intake and exhaust valve instead of two.

It is'evident that many minor modifications in the design may be made without departing from the scope of the invention. as, for instance, the connection between the two-arm lever 4L5 and the piston on the one hand and the pitman on the other hand. linstead of the sleeves il and 49, I form a slot or an open fork at each end of the two arm lever engagingdirectly with the journals 35 and 50 carried by the pitman 255 and the piston rod 2]. respectively. '1. he inven-' tion is, oi course. not limited to an engine having only one pair of cylinders which is its simplest form, but any number of cylinders may be arranged in a similar manner to suit the requirements presented.

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed new is:

1. in an internal combustion engine having an open-ended cylinder, 21 lZIHDSQTSB central partition in the cylinder, apair 0t pistons with piston rods in. said. cylinder, a

combustion cl'iainber being; iioi'n'ied between ea h oi? said pistons and said partition in said. cylinder. a crank shalt, a pitman for each pistcui having connection with said crank shaft and with the respective piston rods. and means for adjusting the stroke length of the pistons.

21 in an internal combustimi engine haviur." an m en-ended. cylinder. a transverse central partition in the cylinder, :1 pair oi pistons wth piston rods in said cylinder. a combu 'on chamber being; t med between each of said pis ns and said. partition. in said cylinder. a, crank shafta pitmau for each piston having connection with said crank shaft and with the respective piston rods. and means "for adjusting the stroke length. oi? the pistons while the volume of the combustion chamber remains constant.

3. In an internal combustion engine having an opensended cylinder, a transverse central partition in the cylinder, a pair of pistons with piston rods in said cylinder, a combustion chamber l'ieing formed-between each of said pistons and said partition in said cylinder, a crank shaft, a pitman for eachpistonflhaving connection with said crank shaft and with the respective piston rods, and means for adjusting". the stroke length of the pistons, said means forming the connection between said pitmcn and the respective piston rods.

4. In an internal combustion engine having an open-ended cylinder, a transverse central partition in the cylinder, a pair of pistons with piston rods in said cylinder, a combustion chamber being formed between each of said pistons and said partition in said cylinder, a crank shaft, a pitman for each piston having connection with said crank shaft and with the respective piston rods, and means for adjusting the stroke length of the pistons, said means comprising two-arm levers having sliding connection with corresponding pitmen and piston rods, a journal for each lever, and an adjustable bearing for said journal.

5. In an internal combustion engine having an open-ended cylinder, a trans-verse central partition in the cylinder, a pair of pistons with piston rods in said cylinder, a combustion chamber being formed between each of said pistons and said partition in said cylinder, a crank shaft, a pitman for each piston having connection with said crank shaft and with the respective piston rods, and means for adjusting the stroke length of the pistons, said means compris ing two-arm levers having sliding connection with corresponding pitmen and piston rods, a journal for each lever, a bearing for said journal. a rock arm supporting said bearing, and common means for simulta-- neously swinging said rock arms.

6. In an internal combustion engine having an open-ended cylinder, a transverse central partition in the cylinder, a pair of pistons with piston rods in said cylinder, a combustion chamber being formed between each of said pistons and said partition in said cylinder. a crank shaft, a pitman for each piston having connection with said crank shaft and with the respective piston rods. and means for adjusting the stroke length of the pistons, said means compris ing t-woarm levers having sliding connection with corresponding pitinen and piston rods, jou nal for each lens a he 'ng for said journal, a rock arm. gnorting said bearing, a guide-way for said bearing, and common means for simultaneously swinging said rock arms.

7 In an internal combustion engine hav ing a housing, an open-ended cylinder. a transverse central partition in the cylinder. a pair of pistons Wi h piston rods in said cylinder, a combustion chamber being .formedbetwcen each of said pistons and said 'Jpartition in said cylinder; a crank shaft, a pitman for each piston rod having connection .with'said crank shaft, guides in said-housing for said piston rods and said pitmen, and means for adjusting the stroke length of the pistons.

8. In an internal combustion engine having a'housing, a pair of axially alined cylin-, ders in said housing, said cylinders being closed at their inner ends, a piston with a piston rod in each cylinder, a combustion chamber being formed between the closed end of the cylinder and the piston in each cylinder; a crank shaft mounted in said housing, a pitman for each piston rod journaled on said crank shaft, guides for said piston rods and said pitmen respectively provided in saidhousing; a lever for each piston rod having sliding connection respectively with the piston rod and the corre sponding pitman, a rocking arm for each lever mounted to oscillate in said housin the free end of said rocking arm constituting the fulcrum bearing for said lever, and means for changing the angular position of said rocking arms.

9. In an internal combustion engine havmg a housing, a pair of ax ally alined cylindersin said housing, said cylinders being closed at their inner ends, a piston with a.

piston rod in each cylinder, a combustion chamber being formed between the closed end of the cylinder and the piston in each cylinder; a crank shaft mounted insaid ho'uslng, a pitman for each piston rod journaled on said crank shaft, guides for said piston rods and said pitmen respectively provided in said housing; a lever for each piston rod having sliding connection respectively with the piston rod and the con responding pitman, a rocking arm for each lever mounted to oscillatein said housing, the free end of said rocking arm constituting the fulcrum bearing for said lever, a guide-way for each lever-fulcrum provided in said housing, and means for changingthe position of said lever fulcrum in said guide way.

10. In aninternal combustion engine having a housing, a pair of axially alined cylinders in said housing. said cylinders being closed at their inner ends. a piston with a piston. rod in each cylinder. a combustion chamber being formed between the closed end of the cylinder and the piston in each cylinder; a crank shaft mounted in said housing, a pitman for each piston rod journaled on said crank shaft. guides for said piston rods and said pitmen respectively provided in said housing; a lever for each piston rod having sliding connection re- SpCt1V6lyW1l hl 9 piston rod and the corresponding pitman a rocking arm for each lever mounted to oscillate in said housing, the free end of said rocking; arm constituting the fulcrum hearing for said lever, a. guide-way for each lever fulcrum provided in said housing, and means for changing the position of said lever fulcrums through the intermediary of said rocking arms, said. means comprising a link connection between said rocking arms, and a hand lever 10 and a ratchet therefor in said housing.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

CALVIN s. SCHOTT. 14. 8.

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