US1357944A - Method of making sandpaper and other abrasive sheet material - Google Patents

Method of making sandpaper and other abrasive sheet material Download PDF

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Publication number: US1357944A
Authority: US; United States
Prior art keywords: adhesive; web; abrasive; rod; disks
Prior art date: 1919-11-29
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.): Expired - Lifetime

Application number

US341472A

Inventor

Behr Herman

Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)

Individual

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Individual

Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)

1919-11-29

Filing date

1919-11-29

Publication date

1920-11-09

1919-11-29 Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual

1919-11-29 Priority to US341472A priority Critical patent/US1357944A/en

1920-11-09 Application granted granted Critical

1920-11-09 Publication of US1357944A publication Critical patent/US1357944A/en

1937-11-09 Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Status Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D11/00—Constructional features of flexible abrasive materials; Special features in the manufacture of such materials
- B24D11/001—Manufacture of flexible abrasive materials
- B24D11/005—Making abrasive webs

Definitions

This invention relates to a method for use in the manufacture principally of abrasive sheet material having flexible paper or textile fabric backing. either in long strips having abrasive material from edge to edge on one surface: or, in long strips having a series of abrasive disks spaced apart one from another; or, in long strips having a series of abrasive rings spaced apart one from another on one surface, as the case may be: such strips being adapted to be subsequently cut up into. either sheets or disks or rings.
abrasive any abrasive or cutting material applied in fragmentary form; by glue or matrix is meant any suitable kind of adhesive; and by backing is meant any desired material on which the adhesive and thereon-deposited abrasive are superposed. All kinds of the abrasive material may be consldered as included in the term sandpaper.
the machine may be used in any one of three different ways at the will of the operator.
the machine may be used for depositing adhesive either wholly or partially across the width of the backing preparatory to applying abrasive on such adhesive.
the machine may be used for applying the adhesive to the backing in disk form or in a series of successive disks, preparatory to applying abrasive to the adhesive disks.
the machine may be used to deposit an annulus of adhesive or a series of such annuli on the backing, the
disk-forming means in such case operating in conjunction with an arbor-hole stopper valve for preventing deposit of adhesive at the central sections of the disks so that at its such central sections the backing is left free of both adhesive and abrasive, and such sections may be cut to form arbor-receiving holes in the abrasive disks. the perimeters of which are also to be cut from the untreated backing.
Figure 1 is a side elevational. diagrammatic view, in part, of so much of a known sandpaper manufacturing apparatus as is necessary to be shown in connection with the present invention: and in part, of such apparatus when it indicates features of this invention.
the view shows in end elevation.
Fig. 2 is a front elevation of my new gluing apparatus. an end view of which is partially indicated in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a plan view of a pair of intermeshed scroll gears shown in Fig. 2, and forming part of mechanism for forcing the adhesive under pressure, on the backing.
Figs. 4 and 5 are, respectively, a partial top plan and a partial side elevation of the machine shown in Fig. 2.
Fig. 6 is a lengthwise sectional elevation at line 6-6 of Fig.' 4 of the transverse
Figs. 7 and 8 are, respectively, an end and a vertical sectional view of the glue-depositing crosshead, Fig. 8 being in section at line 8-8 of Fig, 6 and showing one of a pair of the rod-valves and an end elevation of the arbor-hole stopper-valve.
Fig. 9 is a front elevation of one of two identical cam-controls for one of the two identical reciprocatable rod-valves contained in the glue-depositing crosshead.
Fig. 10 is an elevational view, partly in vertical section at line 10-10 of Fig. 9, and
Figs. 11 and 12 are respectively a plan view and an edge view of a portion of a web of backing having a deposit of adhesive from edge to edge of one surface;
Figs. 13 and 14 are views corresponding to Figs. 11 and 12,.but showing the abrasive in place on the adhesive.
Figs. 15 and 16 show in plan and edge view a series of disks of adhesive spaced apart on the backing;
Figs. 17 and 18 are corresponding views showing-abrasive in'place on the adhesive disks shown in Figs. 15 and 16; the disks of adhesive and abrasive to be cut from the backing for completion of the product.
Figs. 19 and 20 show in plan and edge view, rings of adhesive spaced apart on the backing;
Figs. 21 and 22 are corresponding views showing abrasive on the adhesive rings shown in Fig tions of the backing inclosed by the adhesive and abrasive to be cut out to form holes for reception of tool arborsor shafts; and the perimeters' of the rings to be out free of the backing for completion of the product.
Figs. 23 to 26 inclusive are a series of diagrammatic views illustrating different successive stages of the relative positions of the rod-valves and arbor-hole stopper-valve for formation of a ring-of adhesive on the backing. r
Fig. 23 indicates the opposed ends of the 19 and 20; the central see-.-
rod-valves in contact and closing the exit slit of the glue-depositing crosshead; by an arrow indicates that the web is traveling rearwardly; and by another arrow indicates that the arbor-hole stopper-valve is traveling downward and forward.
the rod-valves are about to be separated for beginning the. rear edge deposit of adhesive from the crosshead.
Fig. 24 the web has traveled rearward; a portion of a disk of adhesive has been deposited on the web in consequence of the increasing separation of the free ends of the rod-valves; andthe forward rear edge of the arbor-hole stopper-valve has moved downwardly and forwardly until its crown is alined with the exposed adhesive-exit slit of the crosshead where the rear bend of the arbor-hole section of the backing is to begin, at a point removed rearwardly from the center of the disk of adhesive under formation.
Fig. 25 the web has traveled farther to the rear; the opposed ends of the outwardly-moving rod-valves are shown separated at the transverse diameter of the partially formed ring and concentric arborhole section, the outward movement of the disk-forming rodvalves having been arrested; a rearward portion of the arborhole section is shown free of adhesive; and the arbor-hole stopper-valve is shown farther forward. .j:
Fig. 27 is a vertical central sectional detail of the construction of the reversing gear mechanism shown in Fig. 2 with the thread-- ed piston rod rising from the piston in the container for the adhesive, the reversing gears being shiftable into lnoperatlve positions relative to a beveled gear shown on the threaded piston rod.
Fig. 28 is a vertical sectional detail showing said threaded piston rod threaded through a stationary nut which is a portion of a bracket shown in Fig. 2, and of the inoperative connection of one of the scroll gears shown in Fig. 3 with the threaded piston rod for turning it in its said nut.
Fig. 29 shows an elongated stopper valve or shield provided with a serrated front edge and a deposit of irregular form different from the forms of deposit shown in Figs. 15 to 22 inclusive.
Fig. 30 shows a still different form of deposit in the shape of a shoe sole; and r ber 1 and 9 (Fig. 2).
Said glue-depositing Figs. 31 and 32 show a pair of pattern cams having grooves dimensioned to move the rod valves for effecting the shape of deposit shown in Fig. 30.
1 indicates upstanding side frames of the gluing machine; 2 a transverse roll past which the web V of flexible backing runs upwardly throu h a transverse slot a through the floor on which the machine is located; 3 indicates a transverse upper roll for the web which is led over it and forwardly and downwardly under and thence upwardly and rearwardly over a transverse, front web-supporting roll 4: which is the preferable form of worksupport, or support for the material to be treated.
the gluing machine is shown provided with inward upstanding posts 9 each of which is transversely alined with an outward upstanding side frame 1.
the usual revoluble shaft M of the web-supporting roll 4 constitutes the main-shaft of the gluing machine, but in the present case is prolonged at one end of roll 4, the prolongation having a bearing in each frame memcrosshead. is indicated by 10.
the shaft M is equipped with a belt pulley ll'for application of power.
the glue-depositing crosshead is formed of alengthwise-split tube the ends of which are exteriorly screwthreaded at 12, each end of the split tube being provided with a screw cap 13 on its threaded end; and the members of the split tube are otherwise held in tubular assemblage by arcuate clamps 14 and screws 15 through the arcuate clamps, the free ends' of each clamp embracing the upper split tube member and extending downwardly into engagement with upper opposed portions of the under split tube member which is formed at its bottom crown portion with a lengthwise-extending glue-exit preferably in the form of a continuous slit 16 from which the adhesive is pressed out evenly and under regu'lable pressure upon the upper surface of the web while it is in continuous rearward travel from the front web-supporting roll 1 and has its upper surface coated with glue from edge to edge or between its edges, according to the adjustment of the lengthwisealined, endwise-movable, r0dvalves 17 each of which projects into the chamber of the glue-distributing crosshead through a stuffing box 18
each rod-valve works in close contact with the inner wall surfaces adjacent the slot 16.
the rod valves may be pushed in wholly or partially to close I the slot 16; and may be pulled out by hand when desired to open up the exit slot 16 to any desired length, according to the width of the web to be faced with the adhesive or to the width of the. adhesive to be deposited on the web.
the glue-depositing crosshead is, preferably and by one feature of this invention, supplied with adhesive which isunder a forced and constant pressure feed that is regulable by means of variable-speed and piston mechanisms whereby, for a given quantity of adhesive at a given temperature, with the web traveling at a predetermined speed, and with the controllable forced feed adjusted to a known operating condition.
the distributing crosshead 10 is connected at its upper side with preferably branched conduit members 20 connected at their tops with a union 21, which, at its top. is con-,
the branched conduit members 20 as shown are three in number, the outermost members severally connecting with the distributing crosshead near an end thereof and the intermediate branch memberconnecting with the distributing crosshead midway between its ends. In this way close uniformity of transverse distributing crosshead is obtainable.
the upstanding main cylinder container 23 is open at its top and provided with a piston 25 descent of which forces adhesive into the distributing crosshead through said conduits.
the piston is provided with an upstanding threaded pistonrod 26, the lower end of which is fixed to the piston which, by the present construction, is given a rotary movement whenever it is moved downwardly or upwardly in the container 23.
the threaded piston rod extends upwardly through a nut portion 27 of a top bracket 28 having depending arms 29 which opposedly embrace the upf per end of the container 23, the latter being detachably secured to the bracket arms by set-screws 30.
This bracket 28 has an upwardly-extending arm 31 provided with a horizontal lug 32 through which bolts 33 pass into the ceiling of the room of installation; but the bracket may be, if desired, otherwise rigidly installed.
the threaded piston rod 26 extends upwardly through the hub 34 of a scroll gear- 35, the hub bore being provided with an interiorly projecting feather 36 which is entrant in a groove 37 formed lengthwise of the piston rod 26.
Rotation of the scroll gear 35 in one direction compels rotational descent and in the other direction compels rotational ascent of the piston in the cylindrical container 23.
the upper end of the scroll gear hub 34 bears on the upper end of the nut 27 of bracket 28 and the gear 35 is kept from rising by a lug 38 that projects from a bracket sleeve 39 in which a vertical shaft 40 has a bearing, the foot of this shaft running in an upstanding bearing 41 integral with the bracket 28.
the free end of lug 38 is adjacent the top of the scroll gear hub 34.
the upper end of shaft 40 carries a horizontal bevel gear 42 and 'has fixed to it,
the bracket sleeve or bearing 39- is shown with an upstanding U-shaped bracket extension -.44 the recess of which is opposed to the upper part of the piston rod 26.. which is made of sufiicient length to permit the piston to be moved closely to the bottom of container 23 with the piston rod at all times in connection with the scroll gear 35.
the vertical portion of the U-shaped bracket extension 44 between its ends, is formed with a horizontal bearing at 45 for the horizontal shaft 46 of an under cone pulley 47 supported in the lower ends of a pair of hangers 48 shown fixed to the ceiling in a usual way.
the cone pulley shaft 46 projects over the bevel gear 42 and is provided with a pair of bevel, reversing gears 49 spaced apart on the shaft and which are to be brought one at a time into mesh with the bevel gear 42 to rotate the latter in the desired one of its two rotational directions.
the shaft 46 is provided with a peripherally grooved collar 50, the arms 51 of a forked shifting lever 52 working in the groove of the collar, and the lever being pivoted at 53 on the upper arm 54 of the upstanding bracket 44.
the upper end of the shifting lever is pivotally connected at 55 to an end of a connecting rod 56. above the machine, the other end of the connecting rod being pivoted at 57 to a dependent hand lever 58 the upper end of which is pivoted at 59 to a ceiling fixture.
either of the two reversing gears 49 is brought into and the other carried out of mesh with the bevel gear 42 for changing the direction of rotation and consequently the vertical movement of the piston rod 26, without changing the direction of rotation of the cone shaft 46, the cone 47 on which is driven by a belt 60 from an upper power drive cone 61, the pair of cones and belt being a well-known form of change-speed mechanism.
the shaft of cone 61 is provided with a pulley 62 from which a belt B goes to the pulley 11 of main shaft M.
abrasive disks vary in diameter from sizes suitable for dental work in the human mouth, to say 36 inches, more or less, when such disks are wanted for metal and wood working.
abrasive disks it is therefore preferred to deposit the adhesive and abrasive in the form of rings 61%, the peripheries of which are coincident with the edges of the web, and subsequently to punch the arbor holes through the untreated backing, and cut the abrasive rings from the web.
each rod valve 17, outwardly of the distributing crosshead 10 is provided with a collar 66 which is preferably lengthwise-adjustable on the rod-valve.
the collar has a split end, formed by an end slot as at 67, and opposed laterally projecting ears 63 the opposed walls of which are spaced apart by the slot.
a screw 68' threaded through holes in the ears suffices to pinch the collar in an adjusted position on the rod valve.
Each collar is provided with a projecting pin 69 working in the elongated lengthwiseextending slot 70 in the upper end of a ver tically-disposed cam-controlled lever 69 the foot of which near the base of the machine is pivoted by a pin 71 on an adjustable slide block 7 2 mounted in vertical ways 73 on a frame member 74.
the bottom pivot pin 71 is fixed in the slide block, its outer end being threaded for reception of a clamp nut 75.
the lower end of the lever 69 is lengthwise slotted at 76 and forks over the pin 71, bearing ,on a shoulder 77 on which the slotted end .of the lever is clamped by the clamp nut 75.
the throw of both levers 69 may be varied, and as the vibrations of each are controlled the pitch of an endless cam groove 78 in a rotary cam 79 mounted on a countershaft 79 rotated by the intermeshed spur gears 79", one on main shaft M and the other on the countershaft 79 (Fig. 2) it follows that the alined rod-valves 17 may be reciprocated to cause their opposed ends to separate and to approach, as may be desired; the adhesive being forced out of the exit 16 according to the varying lengths of such exit occasioned by the separating and approaching movements of the alined rod-valves.
Each lever 69 is provided with a cam roll 78 working in the cam groove 78.
disks of adhesive of any desired diameter may be deposited on the traveling web, the
the levers 69 are disconnected from the rod-valves 17, so that the latter may be separated by hand and remain separated until it is desired to close the exit 16 of the distributing container.
Such disconnection may be effected by removing the pins 69 or better by removing the levers 69 from the machine, for it is only when disks or rings are to be formed that the levers 69 are used.
each rod-valve is supported in an upstanding side bearing 80
the machine is provided with an automatically controlled valve for stopping theexit 16, midway between its ends, in forder'to form the un glued arbor-hole ortions 65 of the successive disks forme in series on the web, as described, and while the disks proper are being successively formed.
the glue-distributing crosshead 10 is provided (Fig. 6) with a lengthwise-extending rocker-shaft 81 journaled in stuifing boxes 82 on the screw caps 13.
the mid-section of this rocker shaft is provided with an arcuate stopper-valve 83 by means of rocker arms 84-.
the stopper valve as shown is a portion of a metal disk having concavo-convex surfaces and is detachably connected to the rocker shaft.
the stopper valve may be of any desired dimenslon, to suit the diameter of the arbor-hole space 65 which it is desired to produce in the formation of a disk by controlled separation and approach of the opposed ends of the rod-valves.
the contour of the cam groove 87 determines the time during which the stopper valve 83 will the opposed ends of the rod-valves 17, and returned into inoperat ve position with its be closed between inner and forward free edge rearward of the exit 16.
the convex wall of the stopper valve 83 is in sliding contact with the inner wall of the under tube member of the gluedistributing crosshead 10 and in its movements, imparted by the cam groove. 87, at times works between the opposed ends of the rod-valves 17 to cover or uncover to a constantly varying length, the glue exit 16, between the rod-valve ends.
the operation is:
the stopper-valve 83 which is a form of slide valve, is initially in its lifted and inoperative position with its free forward edge back of and above the exit 16; the contacting ends of the rod-valves are separated for starting the formation on the Web of a disk of adhesive, the formation of such disk being commenced at its rearward edge or bend.
the rod-valve separating movement continues until the transverse diameter of the disk of adhesive under formation is reached by the rearward travel of the web, but when the rear edge of the arbor-hole space is reached by the rearward travel of the web, a portion of the disk of adhesive having been meanwhile formed rearward of the arbor-hole space, the stopper-valve moves downwardly and forward 'and begins to cover the exit 16 continuing the covering movement while the rod-valves are continuing in their separating movement up to the time when the transverse diametric line of the disk of adhesive and of its central arbor-hole space are being formed; and then, the web still continuing its rearward movement, the opposed-ends of the rod-valves gradually approach and the stopper-valve gradually recedes so that the forward half of the disk and of the arbor-hole space are continuously formed, the final rearward movement for carrying the stopper valve out of covering relation to the exit 16 occurring when the front point or bend of the arbor-hole space is completed.
the cams 79 and 88 have theigijirespective cam grooves 78 and 87 so formed as to produce a dwell of the rod-valves 17 with their edges in contact for closing the exit 16 during the time required fen-spacing the disks apart as at y.
the adhesive if under pressure may jet out through the then more or less open exit slit grooved shifting collar 50 and spaced apart on the sleeve by a distance in excess of the diameter of the beveled gear 42, the sleeve 49 being splined by a lengthwise-extending feather 49 to the shaft 46 so that the gear-carrying sleeve is coupled to rotate with the shaft 46 but may be moved lengthwise thereon by manipulation of the hand lever 58 for bringing the beveled gears 49 into neutral position relatively to the gear 42, or to bring either of the two gears, one at a time, into cooperating mesh with the beveled gear 42.
the shaft 61 on which the cone pulley 61 is fixed may be a member, and desirably is a member, of the driven line shafting, and is so shown; and as it is preferred to drive the main shaft M directly from the line shafting instead of indirectly from the cone pulley shaft 46 as obviously might be done, the pulleys 62 and 11 are each shown as step pulleys whereby the belt B may be shifted and the rotational speed of the'main shaft varied at will to suit working conditions.
the contour of the endless cam grooves in the revoluble cams 78 which are pattern cams in effect, may be widely varied for the purposeof widely varying the timing of the reciprocation of the rod valves 17 either or both, for deposit of adhesive on the web in various forms other than across the width of the web.
the pattern cams 78 may be removed and replaced by other cams having a different pattern style of cam or cam grooves; and I do not intend to limit all the appended claims either to abrasive products or to adhesive products of the pattern style set forth.
rockable stopper valve 83 its edge contour may be widely varied; that its dimension may be increased or diminished relatively to the length of the exit slot 16, and that its movements may be variously timed according to the contour of the cam 87 from which as a pattern cam the rockable stopper valve 83 is actuated.
my new machine may be used for the deposit on a web of paint or color or other matter, in a considerable variety of forms and shapes of deposit. It will be observed that the valve rods 17 are are to be made, the transverse wiper 6 which is used when adhesive is deposited across the width of the web, is to be removed to prevent spreading of the adhesive disk or annular deposits of adhesive.
()ne of the important features of said machine consists in depositing on the web adhesive through an adhesive-exit, with the adhesive supply under pressure, because there is thereby obtained on the web a deposit of adhesive of more body than is ordinarily obtainable from a transfer roll such as heretofore used; and this body of deposit is in respect to thickness readily controlled by the operator of the machine, who. while the web or backing is in its continuous feed movement rearwardly, may
a catch bracket 58 is provided for the lever 58 so that it may be held at will in an adjusted position relatively to either of the two working, or the non-working neutral position of the reversing gears 49 to the gear 42.
Either member 10 or 13 is a liquid-holder, and together they form a distribute-r.
Fig. 29 the rod valves 17 are shown separated to uncover the exit 16 for the full width of the web or backing W; the stopper valve or reciprocating shield 83 being elongated and provided with a serrated front edge 83 whereby the adhesive or other fluid in the container will be deposited as shown by pattern a on the web.
This merely illustrates one of many contours or shapes which may be given to the member 86 with variant effects on the shape of the deposit.
FIG. 30 Another example of a change of form is shown in Fig. 30 where the web W appears with a deposit 2 of the shape of a shoe sole.
the rod valves 17 may be moved to form such a shaped deposit as is shown in Fig. 30.
Figs. 29 to 32, inclusive, are intended to illustrate the nature and character of changes that may be made in the form of machine shown if different-shaped deposits are wanted. 7
the cams for operating the rod valves and the cam for operating the stopper valve constitute mechanical pattern-control valves.
l/Vhat I claim is: 1.
a method consisting in continuously feeding a web of back-forming sheet-material; in progressively making a series of separate adhesive deposits on the traveling web; during such travel of the web and during the formation of each adhesive deposit,
the method of converting a continuously traveling web of back-forming sheet material into separate abrasive disks consisting in continuously feeding a web of back-forming sheet-material; in progressively forming thereon a series of disk-forming lines of adhesive material of different lengths, each successive line contacting with a preceding line for forming the disk of adhesive material, during the continuous feed movement of the backing; in depositing abrasive on the successive separate adhesive disklike deposits; and in subsequently separating the superimposed adhesive and abrasive deposits and backing sections thereunder, from the untreated portions of the web.
the method of applying glue to a traveling Web in variable form which consists in forcing glue through a longitudinal slot over the Web, and in variably closing the ends of said slot so as to narrow the deposit of the glue, and in variably opening the ends of said slot to widen the amount of glue deposited upon the web and thus deposit the desired form of glue area.
the method of applying glue to a traveling web in irregular form which consists in forcing glue through a longitudinal slot placed over the web, and in closing the ends of said slot so as to narrow the deposit of glue upon the web, and in opening the ends of said slot for widening the amount of glue deposited; and in variably closing and opening said slot at its center in order to leave certain central portions of the web uncoated.